{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T08:19:12Z","timestamp":1790065152306,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,1]],"date-time":"2007-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1183248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurosurgery Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,2]],"date-time":"2007-08-02T12:04:46Z","timestamp":1186056286000},"page":"463-478","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":118,"title":["Congenital Anomalies of the Cervical Spine"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"18","author":[{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Paul","family":"Klimo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ganesh","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Brockmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib1","series-title":"The pediatric spine","author":"Raimondi","year":"1989"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00185222","article-title":"The cervical spine in the Klippel-Feil syndrome. A report of 57 cases","volume":"19","author":"Baba","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"424","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000130267.49895.20","article-title":"Klippel-Feil syndrome: clinical features and current understanding of etiology","author":"Tracy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198207000-00002","article-title":"Cervical spine anomalies in fetal alcohol syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Tredwell","year":"1982","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib5","first-page":"1255","article-title":"The incidence of acquired and congenital fusions in the cervical spine","volume":"92","author":"Brown","year":"1964","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.1111","article-title":"Median (third) occipital condyle","volume":"15","author":"Rao","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bsd.0000166639.23448.32","article-title":"Ventral cervicomedullary junction compression secondary to condylus occipitalis (median occipital condyle), a rare entity","volume":"18","author":"Kotil","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Spinal Disord Tech"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bsd.0000208254.14329.57","article-title":"The coconut condyle: occipital condylar dysplasia causing torticollis and leading to C1 fracture","volume":"19","author":"Halanski","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib9","first-page":"379","article-title":"Occipitocondylar hyperplasia: an unusual craniovertebral junction anomaly causing myelopathy. Case report","volume":"103","author":"Ohaegbulam","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib10","first-page":"23","article-title":"Occipitalization of the atlas","volume":"70","author":"McRae","year":"1953","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1159\/000120723","article-title":"Cervicomedullary compression by separate atlantal lateral mass","volume":"19","author":"Ryken","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198605000-00006","article-title":"Osseous anomalies of the craniovertebral junction","volume":"11","author":"Hensinger","year":"1986","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib13","series-title":"The pediatric spine\u2014principles and practice","first-page":"219","article-title":"Craniovertebral junction abnormalities in the pediatric spine","author":"Menezes","year":"2004"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.3109\/00016925309176595","article-title":"Bony abnormalities in the region of the foramen magnum: correlation of the anatomic and neurologic findings","volume":"40","author":"McRae","year":"1953","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00344583","article-title":"Occipitalization of the ventral part and vertebralization of the dorsal part of the atlas with insufficiency of the transverse ligament","volume":"24","author":"Wackenheim","year":"1982","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200202000-00017","article-title":"Congenital osseous anomalies of the upper and lower cervical spine in children","volume":"84-A","author":"Guille","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib17","series-title":"Pediatric neurosurgery\u2014surgery of the developing nervous system","first-page":"400","article-title":"Abnormalities of the craniocervical junction","author":"Menezes","year":"2001"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E520","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000144827.17054.35","article-title":"Mobile and reducible atlantoaxial dislocation in presence of occipitalized atlas: report on treatment of eight cases by direct lateral mass plate and screw fixation","volume":"29","author":"Goel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"1\u00a0Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib19","first-page":"50","article-title":"Morphometric and qualitative analysis of congenital occipitocervical instability in children: implications for patients with Down syndrome","volume":"105","author":"Browd","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-6757(86)90302-5","article-title":"Congenital absence of the C1 vertebral arch","volume":"4","author":"Mace","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1097\/00024720-200202000-00018","article-title":"Congenital anomaly of craniovertebral junction: atlas-dens fusion with C1 anterior arch cleft","volume":"15","author":"Perez-Vallina","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199211000-00007","article-title":"Midline anterior atlas clefts: CT findings","volume":"16","author":"Chambers","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib23","first-page":"249","article-title":"Congenital defects of the posterior arch of the atlas: a report of seven cases including an affected mother and son","volume":"15","author":"Currarino","year":"1994","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-004-1189-z","article-title":"Split atlas in a patient with odontoid fracture","volume":"46","author":"Bonneville","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E35","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000106487.89648.88","article-title":"Bipartite atlas with os odontoideum: case report","volume":"29","author":"Garg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib26","first-page":"238","article-title":"Dysplasia of C-1 and craniocervical instability in patients with Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome. Case report and review of the literature","volume":"105","author":"Jodicke","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E224","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000065492.85852.A9","article-title":"Congenital partial aplasia of the posterior arch of the atlas causing myelopathy: case report and review of the literature","volume":"28","author":"Klimo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib28","first-page":"258","article-title":"Lhermitte sign during yawning associated with congenital partial aplasia of the posterior arch of the atlas","volume":"27","author":"Sagiuchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib29","first-page":"1167","article-title":"Partial aplasia of the posterior arch of the atlas with an isolated posterior arch remnant: findings in three cases","volume":"21","author":"Sharma","year":"2000","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1996.84.4.0663","article-title":"Recurrent transient quadriparesis after minor cervical trauma associated with bilateral partial agenesis of the posterior arch of the atlas. Case report","volume":"84","author":"Torreman","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1007\/s003300000755","article-title":"Congenital midline cleft of the posterior arch of atlas: a rare cause of symptomatic cervical canal stenosis","volume":"11","author":"Connor","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E80","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200103010-00003","article-title":"Cervical myelopathy and congenital stenosis from hypoplasia of the atlas: report of three cases and literature review","volume":"26","author":"Nishikawa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00344180","article-title":"Marked canal stenosis at the level of the atlas","volume":"31","author":"Sawada","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1159\/000121194","article-title":"Anomaly of arch of atlas\u2014a rare cause of symptomatic canal stenosis in children","volume":"26","author":"Devi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1993.79.6.0917","article-title":"Atlas hypoplasia as a cause of high cervical myelopathy. Case report","volume":"79","author":"Komatsu","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2001.94.1.0133","article-title":"Cervical cord compression due to a hypoplastic atlas. Case report","volume":"94","author":"May","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199809000-00140","article-title":"Cervical myelopathy caused by hypoplasia of the atlas: two case reports and review of the literature","volume":"43","author":"Phan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(94)90130-9","article-title":"Spinal canal stenosis at the level of the atlas: case report","volume":"41","author":"Tokiyoshi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib39","first-page":"96","article-title":"Complete arcuate foramen precluding C1 lateral mass screw fixation in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis: case report","volume":"23","author":"Huang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Iowa Orthop J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020914026829","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 mutations in achondroplasia and related forms of dwarfism","volume":"3","author":"Horton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib41","first-page":"199","article-title":"Cervicomedullary cord compression in young children with achondroplasia: value of comprehensive neurologic and respiratory evaluation","volume":"48","author":"Reid","year":"1988","journal-title":"Basic Life Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(87)80542-5","article-title":"Cervicomedullary compression in young patients with achondroplasia: value of comprehensive neurologic and respiratory evaluation","volume":"110","author":"Reid","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(84)81092-6","article-title":"Apnea and sudden unexpected death in infants with achondroplasia","volume":"104","author":"Pauli","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320200219","article-title":"Computerized tomography of the foramen magnum: achondroplastic values compared to normal standards","volume":"20","author":"Hecht","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.164.2.3602395","article-title":"Pediatric patients with achondroplasia: CT evaluation of the craniocervical junction","volume":"164","author":"Wang","year":"1987","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320320421","article-title":"Growth of the foramen magnum in achondroplasia","volume":"32","author":"Hecht","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7944(00)00269-5","article-title":"Isolated subaxial cervical spine stenosis in achondroplasia","volume":"57","author":"Frigon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100031632","article-title":"Cephalic axial skeletal-neural dysraphic disorders: embryology and pathology","volume":"18","author":"Marin-Padilla","year":"1991","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib49","first-page":"181","article-title":"The human vertebral column at the end of the embryonic period proper. 2. The occipitocervical region","volume":"136","author":"O'Rahilly","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1998.88.6.0962","article-title":"Basilar invagination: a study based on 190 surgically treated patients","volume":"88","author":"Goel","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198769030-00015","article-title":"Occipito-atlantal instability in children. A report of five cases and review of the literature","volume":"69","author":"Georgopoulos","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.1986.tb00574.x","article-title":"Prenatal diagnosis and pathoanatomy of iniencephaly","volume":"30","author":"Morocz","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196850020-00008","article-title":"Anomalies of the occipitocervical articulation","volume":"50","author":"Nicholson","year":"1968","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197456060-00019","article-title":"Iniencephalic deformity of the cervical spine with Klippel-Feil anomalies and congenital elevation of the scapula; report of three cases","volume":"56","author":"Sherk","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2005.01.008","article-title":"An abused five-month-old girl: hangman's fracture or congenital arch defect?","volume":"29","author":"van Rijn","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199308000-00014","article-title":"Persistent synchondrosis of the second cervical vertebra simulating a hangman's fracture in a child. Report of a case","volume":"75","author":"Smith","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib57","series-title":"Imaging of the cervical spine in children","author":"Swischuk","year":"2002"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib58","first-page":"121","article-title":"Anomaly of the axis causing cervical myelopathy. Case report","volume":"91","author":"Asakawa","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(86)90089-3","article-title":"A rare anomaly of the axis: report of a case with shaded three-dimensional computed tomographic display","volume":"25","author":"Koyama","year":"1986","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E82","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000109764.95104.33","article-title":"A cervical myelopathy due to invaginated laminae of the axis into the spinal canal","volume":"29","author":"Sakai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197961040-00015","article-title":"Atlanto-axial subluxation in children due to vertebral anomalies","volume":"61","author":"Dawson","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198062030-00007","article-title":"Os odontoideum","volume":"62","author":"Fielding","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197658030-00023","article-title":"Os odontoideum: congenital or acquired. A case report","volume":"58","author":"Hawkins","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197658030-00022","article-title":"Acquired os odontoideum following acute ligament injury. Report of a case","volume":"58","author":"Ricciardi","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2005.2.2.0155","article-title":"Atlantoaxial transarticular screw fixation: a review of surgical indications, fusion rate, complications, and lessons learned in 191 adult patients","volume":"2","author":"Gluf","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib66","series-title":"Cervical Spine Research Society. Editorial Committee. The cervical spine","author":"Clark","year":"2005"},{"issue":"109","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197506000-00002","article-title":"The classic: a case of absence of cervical vertebrae with the thoracic cage rising to the base of the cranium (cervical thoracic cage)","author":"Klippel","year":"1975","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199706010-00009","article-title":"The long-term follow-up of patients with Klippel-Feil syndrome and congenital scoliosis","volume":"22","author":"Theiss","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199702150-00008","article-title":"Scoliosis and congenital anomalies associated with Klippel-Feil syndrome types I\u2013III","volume":"22","author":"Thomsen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-199807000-00002","article-title":"Cervical spine disorders in infants and children","volume":"6","author":"Copley","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197456060-00018","article-title":"Klippel-Feil syndrome; a constellation of associated anomalies","volume":"56","author":"Hensinger","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(05)70098-5","article-title":"Cervical spine disorders in children","volume":"30","author":"Herman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9926(199603)53:3<152::AID-TERA2>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Patterned expression in familial Klippel-Feil syndrome","volume":"53","author":"Clarke","year":"1996","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib74","first-page":"1364","article-title":"Familial Klippel-Feil syndrome and paracentric inversion inv(8)(q22.2q23.3)","volume":"57","author":"Clarke","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8628(20010615)101:2<158::AID-AJMG1343>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"Klippel-Feil anomaly with Sprengel anomaly, omovertebral bone, thumb abnormalities, and flexion-crease changes: novel association or syndrome?","volume":"101","author":"Larson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.10049","article-title":"Syndrome of coronal craniosynostosis, Klippel-Feil anomaly, and Sprengel shoulder with and without Pro250Arg mutation in the FGFR3 gene","volume":"104","author":"Lowry","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-196711000-00003","article-title":"The Klippel-Feil syndrome: genetic and clinical reevaluation of cervical fusion","volume":"46","author":"Gunderson","year":"1967","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.13.3.246","article-title":"Cervical vertebral fusion (Klippel-Feil) syndrome with consanguineous parents","volume":"13","author":"Juberg","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"issue":"264","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib79","first-page":"16","article-title":"Congenital anomalies of the cervical spine","author":"Hensinger","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199409150-00020","article-title":"Risk factors in Klippel-Feil syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Pizzutillo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1007\/s002470050511","article-title":"Heterogeneity in Klippel-Feil syndrome: a new classification","volume":"28","author":"Clarke","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib82","series-title":"The pediatric spine\u2014principles and practice","article-title":"Congenital abnormalities of the cervical spine","author":"Dietz","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib83","first-page":"373","article-title":"Congenital fusion of the cervical vertebrae","volume":"118","author":"Gray","year":"1964","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib84","first-page":"233","article-title":"Hearing loss and the Klippel-Feil syndrome","volume":"123","author":"Stark","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1973.00780010427016","article-title":"Klippel-Feil syndrome and associated hearing loss","volume":"97","author":"Stark","year":"1973","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199607000-00016","article-title":"The prevalence of nonmuscular causes of torticollis in children","volume":"16","author":"Ballock","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198211000-00002","article-title":"Facial malformations and spinal anomalies. A predictable relationship","volume":"7","author":"Sherk","year":"1982","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100078683","article-title":"Klippel-Feil deformity associated with congenital conductive deafness","volume":"88","author":"Jarvis","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1972.02110090088009","article-title":"Klippel-Feil syndrome and deafness. A study with polytomography","volume":"123","author":"Palant","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(22)02557-X","article-title":"Cervical spine injuries below the axis","volume":"15","author":"Dolan","year":"1977","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib91","first-page":"614","article-title":"Congenital brevicollis (Klippel-Feil syndrome) and cardiovascular anomalies","volume":"115","author":"Morrison","year":"1968","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib92","first-page":"858","article-title":"Klippel-Feil syndrome with congenital heart disease","volume":"102","author":"Nora","year":"1962","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1967.02090200078006","article-title":"Klippel-Feil syndrome. A study of mirror movement detected by electromyography","volume":"113","author":"Baird","year":"1967","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1968.00470360097009","article-title":"Mirror movements in patients with the Klippel-Feil syndrome. Neuropathologic observations","volume":"18","author":"Gunderson","year":"1968","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198707000-00012","article-title":"Congenital scoliosis and urinary tract abnormalities: are intravenous pyelograms necessary?","volume":"7","author":"Drvaric","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197557030-00013","article-title":"Genitourinary anomalies associated with Klippel-Feil syndrome","volume":"57","author":"Moore","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"3D","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib97","first-page":"91","article-title":"Embryologic pathogenesis of renal agenesis associated with cervical vertebral anomalies (Klippel-Feil phenotype)","volume":"13","author":"Duncan","year":"1977","journal-title":"Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(79)80514-4","article-title":"The MURCS association: mullerian duct aplasia, renal aplasia, and cervicothoracic somite dysplasia","volume":"95","author":"Duncan","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.113.3.460","article-title":"Klippel-Feil syndrome with renal agenesis and other anomalies","volume":"113","author":"Ramsey","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(74)90565-1","article-title":"Absent vagina and the Klippel-Feil anomaly","volume":"118","author":"Baird","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib101","first-page":"92","article-title":"Extensive genitourinary anomalies associated with Klippel-Feil syndrome","volume":"128","author":"Mecklenburg","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196547070-00001","article-title":"Pseudosubluxation and other normal variations in the cervical spine in children. A study of one hundred and sixty children","volume":"47","author":"Cattell","year":"1965","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2001.116810","article-title":"Use of flexion-extension radiographs of the cervical spine in blunt trauma","volume":"38","author":"Pollack","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2004.05.024","article-title":"Physiologic anterior subluxation: case report of occurrence at C5 to C6 and C6 to C7 spinal levels","volume":"44","author":"Ralston","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199303000-00010","article-title":"Klippel-Feil syndrome: CT and MR of acquired and congenital abnormalities of cervical spine and cord","volume":"17","author":"Ulmer","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1097\/01202412-199807000-00001","article-title":"Assessment and neurologic involvement of patients with cervical spine congenital synostosis as in Klippel-Feil syndrome: study of 19 cases","volume":"7","author":"Rouvreau","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop B"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib107","first-page":"439","article-title":"Cervical myeloradiculopathy: Klippel-Feil deformity","volume":"3","author":"Ducker","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198466090-00026","article-title":"Quadriplegia after minor trauma in the Klippel-Feil syndrome. A case report and review of the literature","volume":"66","author":"Elster","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1970.32.4.0421","article-title":"Myelopathy in cervical spondylosis with vertebral subluxation and hyperlordosis","volume":"32","author":"Epstein","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198405000-00003","article-title":"Traumatic myelopathy in a seventeen-year-old child with cervical spinal stenosis (without fracture or dislocation) and a C2-C3 Klippel-Feil fusion. A case report","volume":"9","author":"Epstein","year":"1984","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199072030-00025","article-title":"Instability of the cervical spine and neurological involvement in Klippel-Feil syndrome. A case report","volume":"72","author":"Hall","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.170.1.9423605","article-title":"The traumatized cervical spine in Klippel-Feil syndrome: imaging features","volume":"170","author":"Karasick","year":"1998","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198101000-00007","article-title":"Congenital os odontoideum with Klippel-Feil anomaly and fatal atlanto-axial instability. Report of a case","volume":"6","author":"Sherk","year":"1981","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198009000-00014","article-title":"Klippel-Feil syndrome with cervical compression resulting from cervical subluxation in association with an omo-vertebral bone","volume":"5","author":"Southwell","year":"1980","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib115","first-page":"363","article-title":"Traumatic quadriplegia associated with Klippel-Feil syndrome: discussion and case reports","volume":"56","author":"Strax","year":"1975","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198668090-00008","article-title":"Neurapraxia of the cervical spinal cord with transient quadriplegia","volume":"68","author":"Torg","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198466030-00013","article-title":"The surgical treatment of instability of the upper part of the cervical spine in children and adolescents","volume":"66","author":"Koop","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199107000-00001","article-title":"Fusion of the upper cervical spine in children and adolescents. An analysis of 17 patients","volume":"16","author":"Smith","year":"1991","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib119","first-page":"820","article-title":"Congenital cervical spondylolisthesis [Hebrew]","volume":"142","author":"Raichel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Harefuah"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.154.4.2107670","article-title":"Cervical spondylolysis: imaging findings in 12 patients","volume":"154","author":"Forsberg","year":"1990","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib121","series-title":"The pediatric spine. Principles and practice","first-page":"239","article-title":"Congenital abnormalities of the cervical spine","author":"Dietz","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib122","series-title":"The pediatric spine. Principles and practice","first-page":"3","article-title":"Development and maturation of the axial skeleton","author":"Ganey","year":"2001"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199209000-00014","article-title":"Cervical spondylolysis","volume":"5","author":"Poggi","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib124","first-page":"84","article-title":"Congenital spondylolysis of the axis with associated myelopathy. Case report","volume":"98","author":"Kubota","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib125","first-page":"626","article-title":"Cervical spondylolysis in children. Apropos of 4 cases. Review of the literature [French]","volume":"81","author":"Garin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib126","first-page":"411","article-title":"Cervical spondylolysis: three levels of simultaneous involvement","volume":"18","author":"Yochum","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1975.43.6.0750","article-title":"Cervical spondylolysis with spondylolisthesis. Case report","volume":"43","author":"Prioleau","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.220.1.r01jl12191","article-title":"Case 36: bilateral cervical spondylolysis of C6","volume":"220","author":"Schwartz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3171\/ped.2006.104.3.181","article-title":"Multilevel cervical disconnection syndrome: initial description, embryogenesis, and management","volume":"104","author":"Klimo","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgery Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1042368007000332?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1042368007000332?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,13]],"date-time":"2023-05-13T17:17:05Z","timestamp":1683998225000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1042368007000332"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"references-count":129,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1042368007000332"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nec.2007.04.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-3680"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-3680","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]}}}