{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T07:58:36Z","timestamp":1768636716225,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurosurgery Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,5]],"date-time":"2019-07-05T17:31:13Z","timestamp":1562347873000},"page":"499-508","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Medical Management of Cushing Disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Nicholas A.","family":"Tritos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beverly M.K.","family":"Biller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib1","first-page":"137","article-title":"The basophil adenomas of the pituitary body and their clinical manifestations (pituitary basophilism)","volume":"50","author":"Cushing","year":"1932","journal-title":"Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib2","first-page":"180","article-title":"The basophil adenomas of the pituitary body","volume":"44","author":"Cushing","year":"1969","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-10-199905180-00015","article-title":"Long-term mortality after transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing disease","volume":"130","author":"Swearingen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4709","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030461","article-title":"Transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary tumors in the United States, 1996-2000: mortality, morbidity, and the effects of hospital and surgeon volume","volume":"88","author":"Barker","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2807","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-1818","article-title":"Treatment of Cushing's syndrome: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline","volume":"100","author":"Nieman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2011.12","article-title":"Management of Cushing disease","volume":"7","author":"Tritos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0b013e3283631809","article-title":"Update in the medical therapy of Cushing's disease","volume":"20","author":"Nieman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-013-1269-1","article-title":"Medical management of Cushing's disease","volume":"117","author":"Tritos","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurooncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1991.tb03547.x","article-title":"Ketoconazole treatment in Cushing's syndrome: experience in 34 patients","volume":"35","author":"Sonino","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1991.tb01737.x","article-title":"Use of ketoconazole in the treatment of Cushing's disease and ectopic ACTH syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Tabarin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3628","article-title":"Ketoconazole in Cushing's disease: is it worth a try?","volume":"99","author":"Castinetti","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8532","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)90222-4","article-title":"Acute hypoadrenalism and hepatotoxicity after treatment with ketoconazole","volume":"1","author":"McCance","year":"1987","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1991.tb03517.x","article-title":"Short and long-term responses to metyrapone in the medical management of 91 patients with Cushing's syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Verhelst","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4146","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-2616","article-title":"Effectiveness of metyrapone in treating Cushing's syndrome: a retrospective multicenter study in 195 patients","volume":"100","author":"Daniel","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1982.tb00718.x","article-title":"Cushing's syndrome in pregnancy--treatment with metyrapone","volume":"16","author":"Gormley","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3077","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-2361","article-title":"Cushing's syndrome during pregnancy: personal experience and review of the literature","volume":"90","author":"Lindsay","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199004263221705","article-title":"Clinical features of adrenocortical carcinoma, prognostic factors, and the effect of mitotane therapy","volume":"322","author":"Luton","year":"1990","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-0557","article-title":"High-dose mitotane strategy in adrenocortical carcinoma: prospective analysis of plasma mitotane measurement during the first 3 months of follow-up","volume":"166","author":"Mauclere-Denost","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa063360","article-title":"Adjuvant mitotane treatment for adrenocortical carcinoma","volume":"356","author":"Terzolo","year":"2007","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-12-0358","article-title":"Efficiency and tolerance of mitotane in Cushing's disease in 76 patients from a single center","volume":"167","author":"Baudry","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01735795","article-title":"Nonhypnotic low-dose etomidate for rapid correction of hypercortisolaemia in Cushing's syndrome","volume":"66","author":"Allolio","year":"1988","journal-title":"Klin Wochenschr"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib22","first-page":"3542","article-title":"Emergency and prolonged use of intravenous etomidate to control hypercortisolemia in a patient with Cushing's syndrome and peritonitis","volume":"83","author":"Drake","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-12-0274","article-title":"Etomidate in the management of hypercortisolaemia in Cushing's syndrome: a review","volume":"167","author":"Preda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-70-5-1426","article-title":"Infusion of low dose etomidate: correction of hypercortisolemia in patients with Cushing's syndrome and dose-response relationship in normal subjects","volume":"70","author":"Schulte","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1210\/js.2018-00269","article-title":"Continuous etomidate infusion for the management of severe Cushing syndrome: validation of a standard protocol","volume":"3","author":"Carroll","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endocr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s40842-016-0033-9","article-title":"Update on medical treatment for Cushing's disease","volume":"2","author":"Cuevas-Ramos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2117","article-title":"LCI699, a potent 11beta-hydroxylase inhibitor, normalizes urinary cortisol in patients with Cushing's disease: results from a multicenter, proof-of-concept study","volume":"99","author":"Bertagna","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-015-0692-z","article-title":"Osilodrostat, a potent oral 11beta-hydroxylase inhibitor: 22-week, prospective, Phase II study in Cushing's disease","volume":"19","author":"Fleseriu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1107198","article-title":"Abiraterone and increased survival in metastatic prostate cancer","volume":"365","author":"Berruti","year":"2011","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1177\/1756287215592288","article-title":"Abiraterone in the management of castration-resistant prostate cancer prior to chemotherapy","volume":"7","author":"Gartrell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ther Adv Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib31","first-page":"e337","article-title":"Management of severe Cushing syndrome induced by adrenocortical carcinoma with abiraterone acetate: a case report","volume":"2","author":"Claps","year":"2016","journal-title":"AACE Clin Case Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4594","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-2414","article-title":"Antisecretive and antitumor activity of abiraterone acetate in human adrenocortical cancer: a preclinical study","volume":"101","author":"Fiorentini","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-018-0251-5","article-title":"ATR-101, a\u00a0selective ACAT1 inhibitor, decreases ACTH-stimulated cortisol concentrations in dogs with naturally occurring Cushing's syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Langlois","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib34","first-page":"1","article-title":"ALD1613, a novel long-acting monoclonal antibody to control ACTH-driven pharmacology","volume":"158","author":"Feldhaus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp0912025","article-title":"Clinical practice. Prolactinomas","volume":"362","author":"Klibanski","year":"2010","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-008-9082-4","article-title":"Somatostatin and dopamine receptors as targets for medical treatment of Cushing's syndrome","volume":"10","author":"de Bruin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-10-0382","article-title":"Cabergoline monotherapy in the long-term treatment of Cushing's disease","volume":"163","author":"Godbout","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1533","article-title":"The medical treatment of Cushing's disease: effectiveness of chronic treatment with the dopamine agonist cabergoline in patients unsuccessfully treated by surgery","volume":"94","author":"Pivonello","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0807","article-title":"Limited value of cabergoline in Cushing's disease: a prospective study of a 6-week treatment in 20 patients","volume":"174","author":"Burman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12375","article-title":"Impulse control disorders in patients with dopamine agonist-treated prolactinomas and nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas: a case-control study","volume":"80","author":"Bancos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-017-1247-z","article-title":"Hypersexuality in men with prolactinomas treated with dopamine agonists","volume":"56","author":"Bancos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-013-0480-6","article-title":"Investigation of impulsivity in patients on dopamine agonist therapy for hyperprolactinemia: a pilot study","volume":"17","author":"Barake","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R287","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-18-0667","article-title":"MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: impulse control disorders in patients with hyperpolactinemia treated with dopamine agonists: how much should we worry?","volume":"179","author":"Barake","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054830","article-title":"Valvular heart disease and the use of dopamine agonists for Parkinson's disease","volume":"356","author":"Zanettini","year":"2007","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib45","article-title":"A\u00a0meta-analysis of the prevalence of cardiac valvulopathy in hyperprolactinemic patients treated with Cabergoline","author":"Stiles","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3777","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1403","article-title":"Increased prevalence of tricuspid regurgitation in patients with prolactinomas chronically treated with cabergoline","volume":"93","author":"Colao","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.01876","article-title":"The multi-ligand somatostatin analogue SOM230 inhibits ACTH secretion by cultured human corticotroph adenomas via somatostatin receptor type 5","volume":"152","author":"Hofland","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1105743","article-title":"A\u00a012-month phase 3 study of pasireotide in Cushing's disease","volume":"366","author":"Colao","year":"2012","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30326-1","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of once-monthly pasireotide in Cushing's disease: a 12 month clinical trial","volume":"6","author":"Lacroix","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1497","article-title":"Sustained improvements in plasma ACTH and clinical status in a patient with Nelson's syndrome treated with pasireotide LAR, a multireceptor somatostatin analog","volume":"98","author":"Katznelson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3446","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1771","article-title":"Hyperglycemia associated with pasireotide: results from a mechanistic study in healthy volunteers","volume":"98","author":"Henry","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2014.12.007","article-title":"The role of temozolomide in the treatment of aggressive pituitary tumors","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2011.02520.x","article-title":"Aggressive pituitary tumours: the role of temozolomide and the assessment of MGMT status","volume":"41","author":"McCormack","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4438","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-0414","article-title":"Retinoic acid as a novel medical therapy for Cushing's disease in dogs","volume":"147","author":"Castillo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3577","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-2328","article-title":"Potential role for retinoic acid in patients with Cushing's disease","volume":"97","author":"Pecori Giraldi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8173182","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8173182","article-title":"The role of isotretinoin therapy for Cushing's disease: results of a prospective study","volume":"2016","author":"Vilar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3166","article-title":"Mutations in the deubiquitinase gene USP8 cause Cushing's disease","volume":"47","author":"Reincke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M73","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0320","article-title":"Decoding the genetic basis of Cushing's disease: USP8 in the spotlight","volume":"173","author":"Theodoropoulou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4712","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI60417","article-title":"EGFR as a therapeutic target for human, canine, and mouse ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas","volume":"121","author":"Fukuoka","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8414","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1018091108","article-title":"Targeting zebrafish and murine pituitary corticotroph tumors with a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor","volume":"108","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2557","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-1606","article-title":"Cyclin E-mediated human proopiomelanocortin regulation as a therapeutic target for Cushing disease","volume":"100","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3776","article-title":"A\u00a0C-terminal HSP90 inhibitor restores glucocorticoid sensitivity and relieves a mouse allograft model of Cushing disease","volume":"21","author":"Riebold","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-09-0098","article-title":"Merits and pitfalls of mifepristone in Cushing's syndrome","volume":"160","author":"Castinetti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.4158\/EP12149.RA","article-title":"A\u00a0new therapeutic approach in the medical treatment of Cushing's syndrome: glucocorticoid receptor blockade with mifepristone","volume":"19","author":"Fleseriu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-3350","article-title":"Mifepristone, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, produces clinical and metabolic benefits in patients with Cushing's syndrome","volume":"97","author":"Fleseriu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3718","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1843","article-title":"Changes in plasma ACTH levels and corticotroph tumor size in patients with Cushing's disease during long-term treatment with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone","volume":"99","author":"Fleseriu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1002\/cpdd.389","article-title":"Assessment of\u00a0safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacological effect of orally administered CORT125134: an adaptive, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 1 clinical study","volume":"7","author":"Hunt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib68","first-page":"300","article-title":"Open label\u00a0phase 2 study to assess safety and efficacy of relacorilant (CORT125134), a selective cortisol modulator, in the treatment of endogenous hypercortisolism","volume":"24","author":"Moraitis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-013-0475-3","article-title":"Combination therapy for Cushing's disease: effectiveness of two schedules of treatment: should we start with cabergoline or ketoconazole?","volume":"17","author":"Barbot","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0913","article-title":"Rapid control of severe neoplastic hypercortisolism with metyrapone and ketoconazole","volume":"172","author":"Corcuff","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1000094","article-title":"Pasireotide alone or with cabergoline and ketoconazole in Cushing's disease","volume":"362","author":"Feelders","year":"2010","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2796","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0536","article-title":"Mitotane, metyrapone, and ketoconazole combination therapy as an alternative to rescue adrenalectomy for severe ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome","volume":"96","author":"Kamenicky","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgery Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1042368019300439?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1042368019300439?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T20:02:32Z","timestamp":1760904152000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1042368019300439"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1042368019300439"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-3680"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-3680","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Medical Management of Cushing Disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neurosurgery Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}