{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T14:55:14Z","timestamp":1790434514871,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurosurgery Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T21:23:06Z","timestamp":1635283386000},"page":"17-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Neurosurgical Evaluation and Management of Children with Achondroplasia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Alon","family":"Kashanian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"James A.","family":"Stadler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moise","family":"Danielpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9582","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61090-3","article-title":"Achondroplasia","volume":"370","author":"Horton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.22859","article-title":"Descriptive epidemiology of selected heritable birth defects in Texas","volume":"91","author":"Moffitt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2385","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32485","article-title":"The population-based prevalence of achondroplasia and thanatophoric dysplasia in selected regions of the US","volume":"146","author":"Waller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.61289","article-title":"Epidemiology of achondroplasia: a population-based study in Europe","volume":"179","author":"Coi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197010012831404","article-title":"Endochondral ossification in Achondroplastic Dwarfism","volume":"283","author":"Rimoin","year":"1970","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.37394","article-title":"Best practices in the evaluation and treatment of foramen magnum stenosis in achondroplasia during infancy","volume":"170","author":"White","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389000500203","article-title":"Neurologic morbidity associated with achondroplasia","volume":"5","author":"Hecht","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(84)81092-6","article-title":"Apnea and sudden unexpected death in infants with achondroplasia","volume":"104","author":"Pauli","year":"1984","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib9","first-page":"454","article-title":"Mortality in achondroplasia","volume":"41","author":"Hecht","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320320421","article-title":"Growth of the foramen magnum in achondroplasia","volume":"32","author":"Hecht","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23210","article-title":"Mortality in babies with achondroplasia: revisited","volume":"100","author":"Simmons","year":"2014","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-018-0972-6","article-title":"Achondroplasia: a comprehensive clinical review","volume":"14","author":"Pauli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1440","article-title":"Health supervision for children with achondroplasia","volume":"116","author":"Trotter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(87)80542-5","article-title":"Cervicomedullary compression in young patients with achondroplasia: value of comprehensive neurologic and respiratory evaluation","volume":"110","author":"Reid","year":"1987","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.35.9.705","article-title":"Medical complications of achondroplasia: a multicentre patient review","volume":"35","author":"Hunter","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.5.PEDS12614","article-title":"Dynamic cervicomedullary cord compression and alterations in cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in children with achondroplasia: review of an 11-year surgical case series","volume":"14","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.3171\/ped.2006.104.3.166","article-title":"Cervicomedullary decompression for foramen magnum stenosis in achondroplasia","volume":"104","author":"Bagley","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-015-2624-7","article-title":"Surgical treatment for cervicomedullary compression among infants with achondroplasia","volume":"31","author":"Shimony","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child\u2019s Nerv Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib19","first-page":"824","article-title":"Invited editorial: cervicomedullary junction compression in infants with achondroplasia: when to perform neurosurgical decompression","volume":"56","author":"Rimoin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib20","first-page":"732","article-title":"Prospective assessment of risks for cervicomedullary-junction compression in infants with achondroplasia","volume":"56","author":"Pauli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib21","first-page":"305","article-title":"Kyphosis and lumbar stenosis in achondroplasia","volume":"48","author":"Nelson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Basic Life Sci"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2423","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181574286","article-title":"Pedicle and spinal canal parameters of the lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae in the achondroplast population","volume":"32","author":"Srikumaran","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib23","first-page":"205","article-title":"Curves of the achondroplastic spine: a new hypothesis","volume":"142","author":"Siebens","year":"1978","journal-title":"Johns Hopkins Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bpb.0000248570.50875.28","article-title":"Early presentation of spinal stenosis in achondroplasia","volume":"27","author":"Schkrohowsky","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib25","first-page":"241","article-title":"Thoracolumbar kyphosis and lumbosacral hyperlordosis in achondroplastic children","volume":"48","author":"Kopits","year":"1988","journal-title":"Basic Life Sci"},{"issue":"5 SUPPL","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.3171\/ped.2007.106.5.372","article-title":"Spinal stenosis surgery in pediatric patients with achondroplasia","volume":"106","author":"Sciubba","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bco.0000247363.74750.7b","article-title":"Spinal deformity in the skeletal dysplasias","volume":"17","author":"White","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00442750","article-title":"Long-term neurological sequelae in achondroplasia","volume":"143","author":"Hecht","year":"1984","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.3.PEDS08344","article-title":"Neurosurgical implications of achondroplasia: A review","volume":"4","author":"King","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-020-01415-7","article-title":"Best practice guidelines for management of spinal disorders in skeletal dysplasia","volume":"15","author":"White","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib31","first-page":"463","article-title":"Spinal neurological complications of achondroplasia. Results of surgical treatment","volume":"52","author":"Morgan","year":"1980","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000194778.60486.a3","article-title":"Postlaminectomy kyphosis in the skeletally immature achondroplast","volume":"31","author":"Ain","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib33","first-page":"5","article-title":"Hydrocephalus in Chondrodystrophy","volume":"32","author":"Dandy","year":"1921","journal-title":"Johns Hopkins Hosp Bull"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00008410","article-title":"Cerebral spinal fluid flow, venous drainage and spinal cord compression in achondroplastic children: Impact of magnetic resonance findings for decompressive surgery at the cranio-cervical junction","volume":"160","author":"Br\u00fchl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"C","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib35","first-page":"42","article-title":"Hydrocephalus in achondroplasia: the possible role of intracranial venous hypertension","volume":"71","author":"Steinbok","year":"1989","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1159\/000119948","article-title":"Hydrocephalus and achondroplasia: a study of 25 observations","volume":"7","author":"Pierre-Kahn","year":"1980","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.30.7.769","article-title":"Reversal of emissary vein blood flow in achondroplastic dwarfs","volume":"30","author":"Mueller","year":"1980","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2005.10.004","article-title":"Magnetic resonance venography of achondroplasia: correlation of venous narrowing at the jugular foramen with hydrocephalus","volume":"30","author":"Moritani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.3171\/PED-07\/12\/504","article-title":"Dynamic cervicomedullary cord compression and alterations in cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in children with achondroplasia: Report of four cases","volume":"107","author":"Danielpour","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib40","article-title":"Improvement in ventriculomegaly following cervicomedullary decompressive surgery in children with achondroplasia and foramen magnum stenosis","volume":"8","author":"Kashanian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"issue":"January","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib41","first-page":"73","article-title":"Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in hydrocephalus associated with achondroplasia","volume":"9","author":"Swift","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(78)81152-4","article-title":"Standard growth curves for achondroplasia","volume":"93","author":"Horton","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003_bib43","first-page":"49","article-title":"Neurological manifestations of pediatric achondroplasia","volume":"54","author":"Yamada","year":"1981","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgery Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1042368021000784?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1042368021000784?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T20:03:35Z","timestamp":1760904215000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1042368021000784"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1042368021000784"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-3680"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-3680","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Neurosurgical Evaluation and Management of Children with Achondroplasia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neurosurgery Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nec.2021.09.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}