{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:47:18Z","timestamp":1792806438940,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurosurgery Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T02:50:50Z","timestamp":1667443850000},"page":"185-192","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks, Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension, and Chiari I Malformation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Rahul","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy K.","family":"Cutsforth-Gregory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waleed","family":"Brinjikji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-007-0421-8","article-title":"Frequency of spontaneous intracranial hypotension in the emergency department","volume":"8","author":"Schievink","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Headache Pain"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024211048510","article-title":"Incidence of spontaneous intracranial hypotension in a community: Beverly Hills, California, 2006-2020","volume":"42","author":"Schievink","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202","article-title":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition","volume":"38","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.4921","article-title":"Assessing Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension With a Scoring System Based on Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings","volume":"76","author":"Dobrocky","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102415623071","article-title":"How common is normal cerebrospinal fluid pressure in spontaneous intracranial hypotension?","volume":"36","author":"Kranz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.60.12.1713","article-title":"Misdiagnosis of spontaneous intracranial hypotension","volume":"60","author":"Schievink","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A0956","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for spontaneous spinal CSF leaks and intracranial hypotension","volume":"29","author":"Schievink","year":"2008","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.4799","article-title":"Clinical Presentation, Investigation Findings, and Treatment Outcomes of Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"78","author":"D'Antona","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002986","article-title":"A\u00a0classification system of spontaneous spinal CSF leaks","volume":"87","author":"Schievink","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2101561","article-title":"Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension","volume":"385","author":"Schievink","year":"2021","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e247","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009812","article-title":"Insights into the natural history of spontaneous intracranial hypotension from infusion testing","volume":"95","author":"Hani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2004.00763.x","article-title":"Paradoxical postural headaches in cerebrospinal fluid leaks","volume":"24","author":"Mokri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-015-1068-1","article-title":"Spontaneous intracranial hypotension presenting as thunderclap headache: a case report","volume":"8","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.12.1771","article-title":"Spontaneous intracranial hypotension: the broadening clinical and imaging spectrum of CSF leaks","volume":"55","author":"Mokri","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A6637","article-title":"Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: Atypical Radiologic Appearances, Imaging Mimickers, and Clinical Look-Alikes","volume":"41","author":"Bond","year":"2020","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13132","article-title":"Misdiagnosis of Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension as a Risk Factor for Subdural Hematoma","volume":"57","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2011.08.005","article-title":"A\u00a0case of spontaneous intracranial hypotension: from Meniere-like syndrome to cerebral involvement","volume":"129","author":"Fontaine","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2019-002479","article-title":"Orthostatic hearing loss: audiovestibular manifestations of spontaneous intracranial hypotension","volume":"21","author":"Schon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pract Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-016-0617-2","article-title":"Early pain relief from orthostatic headache and hearing changes in spontaneous intracranial hypotension after epidural blood patch","volume":"116","author":"Ferrante","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e860","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002665","article-title":"Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension May Be an Under-recognized Cause of Endolymphatic Hydrops","volume":"41","author":"Sakano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"NP137","DOI":"10.1177\/0145561319864577","article-title":"Facial Nerve Paralysis Due to Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension","volume":"100","author":"Sajjadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0223484","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223484","article-title":"Postural changes in optic nerve and optic nerve sheath diameters in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and spontaneous intracranial hypotension: A cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Cipriani","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102418793640","article-title":"Sonography of the optic nerve sheath diameter before and after microsurgical closure of a dural CSF fistula in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension - a consecutive cohort study","volume":"39","author":"Fichtner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.4065\/72.5.400","article-title":"Syndrome of orthostatic headaches and diffuse pachymeningeal gadolinium enhancement","volume":"72","author":"Mokri","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib25","first-page":"1380","article-title":"Spinal cerebrospinal fluid leak as the cause of chronic subdural hematomas in nongeriatric patients","volume":"121","author":"Beck","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib26","first-page":"608","article-title":"Spectrum of subdural fluid collections in spontaneous intracranial hypotension","volume":"103","author":"Schievink","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.oa.2015-0032","article-title":"Chronic Subdural Hematoma Associated with Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: Therapeutic Strategies and Outcomes of 55 Cases","volume":"56","author":"Takahashi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13525","article-title":"Clinical Features of Patients With Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension Complicated With Bilateral Subdural Fluid Collections","volume":"59","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1964","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012786","article-title":"Long-term Risks of Persistent Ventral Spinal CSF Leaks in SIH: Superficial Siderosis and Bibrachial Amyotrophy","volume":"97","author":"Schievink","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000267847.69896.be","article-title":"Superficial siderosis and csf hypovolemia: the defect (dural) in the link","volume":"69","author":"Kumar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.5.SPINE10890","article-title":"Chronic cerebellar hemorrhage in spontaneous intracranial hypotension: association with ventral spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks: clinical article","volume":"15","author":"Schievink","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2015-001169","article-title":"Superficial siderosis following spontaneous intracranial hypotension","volume":"15","author":"Webb","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pract Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib33","article-title":"Prevalence of cerebral vein thrombosis among patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension","author":"Oien","year":"2021","journal-title":"Interv Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.09.193","article-title":"Disturbed Consciousness and Coma: Diagnosis and Management of Intracranial Hypotension Caused by a Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak","volume":"121","author":"Takai","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1638","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005477","article-title":"A\u00a0serious complication of spontaneous intracranial hypotension","volume":"90","author":"Schievink","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13328","article-title":"Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: 10 Myths and Misperceptions","volume":"58","author":"Kranz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib37","first-page":"749","article-title":"Lack of causal association between spontaneous intracranial hypotension and cranial cerebrospinal fluid leaks","volume":"116","author":"Schievink","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26175","article-title":"Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension Due to Skull-Base Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak","volume":"90","author":"Schievink","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000639","article-title":"CSF-venous fistula in spontaneous intracranial hypotension","volume":"83","author":"Schievink","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.5.814","article-title":"Spontaneous CSF leaks: underlying disorder of connective tissue","volume":"58","author":"Mokri","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"9182","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)12448-0","article-title":"Importance of dural ectasia in phenotypic assessment of Marfan's syndrome","volume":"354","author":"Fattori","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000097200.18478.7B","article-title":"Connective tissue disorders with spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks and intracranial hypotension: a prospective study","volume":"54","author":"Schievink","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.03.148","article-title":"Association Between Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome and Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: A Report of 4 Patients","volume":"138","author":"Madhavan","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"9060","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)62417-8","article-title":"Spinal meningeal diverticula in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease","volume":"349","author":"Schievink","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib45","first-page":"483","article-title":"Spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks and minor skeletal features of Marfan syndrome: a microfibrillopathy","volume":"96","author":"Schrijver","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102410394676","article-title":"Connective tissue disorders in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension","volume":"31","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib47","first-page":"485","article-title":"[Familial spontaneous intracranial hypotension]","volume":"24","author":"Larrosa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurologia"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.17.18351","article-title":"CSF Venous Fistulas in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: Imaging Characteristics on Dynamic and CT Myelography","volume":"209","author":"Kranz","year":"2017","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.21.26182","article-title":"CSF-Venous Fistulas: Anatomy and Diagnostic Imaging","volume":"217","author":"Kranz","year":"2021","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00328377","article-title":"Human spinal arachnoid villi and granulations","volume":"11","author":"Kido","year":"1976","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib51","first-page":"745","article-title":"Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: A Systematic Imaging Approach for CSF Leak Localization and Management Based on MRI and Digital Subtraction Myelography","volume":"40","author":"Farb","year":"2019","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00423-3","article-title":"Spontaneous intracranial hypotension: searching for the CSF leak","volume":"21","author":"Dobrocky","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1041","article-title":"Diffuse pachymeningeal hyperintensity and subdural effusion\/hematoma detected by fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MR imaging in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension","volume":"29","author":"Tosaka","year":"2008","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2286","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.19.2286","article-title":"Spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks and intracranial hypotension","volume":"295","author":"Schievink","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib55","first-page":"421","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of radioisotope cisternography in the diagnosis of intracranial hypotension","volume":"101","author":"Moriyama","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-3919.116815","article-title":"Radionuclide cisternography: A prudent investigation in diagnosing spontaneous intracranial hypotension","volume":"28","author":"Sehgal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib57","first-page":"587","article-title":"Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH): the early appearance of urinary bladder activity in RI cisternography is a pathognomonic sign of SIH?","volume":"86","author":"Ishihara","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib58","first-page":"598","article-title":"Spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks and intracranial hypotension","volume":"84","author":"Schievink","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3975","article-title":"MR myelography for identification of spinal CSF leak in spontaneous intracranial hypotension","volume":"35","author":"Chazen","year":"2014","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1312","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011522","article-title":"Diagnostic Yield of Lateral Decubitus Digital Subtraction Myelogram Stratified by Brain MRI Findings","volume":"96","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.5603\/PJNNS.a2021.0043","article-title":"Bed regime as a lifesaving factor in spontaneous intracranial hypotension","volume":"55","author":"Turek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol Neurochir Pol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2015-001343","article-title":"Management of spontaneous intracranial hypotension","volume":"16","author":"Tyagi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pract Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000410","article-title":"Spontaneous intracranial hypotension: presentation, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"121","author":"Williams","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199002000-00009","article-title":"Effects of oral caffeine on postdural puncture headache. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"70","author":"Camann","year":"1990","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.470","article-title":"A\u00a0rare case of orthostatic headache due to spontaneous intracranial hypotension","volume":"4","author":"Arshed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww328","article-title":"Factors predicting response to the first epidural blood patch in spontaneous intracranial hypotension","volume":"140","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.10.1921","article-title":"The efficacy of epidural blood patch in spontaneous CSF leaks","volume":"57","author":"Sencakova","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000144339.34733.E9","article-title":"Early epidural blood patch in spontaneous intracranial hypotension","volume":"63","author":"Berroir","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3945","article-title":"Large-volume blood patch to multiple sites in the epidural space through a single-catheter access site for treatment of spontaneous intracranial hypotension","volume":"35","author":"Griauzde","year":"2014","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1606312","article-title":"Targeted Epidural Blood Patch Treatment for Refractory Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension in China","volume":"79","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Surg B Skull Base"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2018-000021","article-title":"Procedural predictors of epidural blood patch efficacy in spontaneous intracranial hypotension","volume":"44","author":"Pagani-Estevez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00593966","article-title":"Posterior cranial fossa dimensions in the Chiari I malformation: relation to pathogenesis and clinical presentation","volume":"35","author":"Stovner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.5.PEDS18382","article-title":"The Chiari I malformation","volume":"24","author":"McClugage","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003775","article-title":"Spontaneous intracranial hypotension diagnosed as Chiari I malformation","volume":"88","author":"Kingston","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib75","first-page":"e1034","article-title":"Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension Presenting as a \"Pseudo-Chiari 1","volume":"9","author":"Haider","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib76","first-page":"391","article-title":"Acquired Chiari I Malformation Secondary to Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension Syndrome and Persistent Hypoglycemia: A Case Report","volume":"10","author":"Onal","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024221079296","article-title":"Headache characteristics and postoperative course in Chiari I malformation","volume":"42","author":"Thunstedt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-002-0056-z","article-title":"Headache and Chiari I malformation: clinical presentation, diagnosis, and controversies in management","volume":"6","author":"Taylor","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib79","first-page":"1","article-title":"Differentiation of Chiari malformation type 1 and spontaneous intracranial hypotension using objective measurements of midbrain sagging","author":"Houk","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199905000-00042","article-title":"Chiari I malformation redefined: clinical and radiographic findings for 364 symptomatic patients","volume":"44","author":"Milhorat","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023948921381","article-title":"Review Article: Chiari Type I Malformation with or Without Syringomyelia: Prevalence and Genetics","volume":"12","author":"Speer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Genet Couns"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.5.PEDS1121","article-title":"Chiari malformation Type I and syrinx in children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"8","author":"Strahle","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A5290","article-title":"Syringohydromyelia in Patients with Chiari I Malformation: A Retrospective Analysis","volume":"38","author":"Gad","year":"2017","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib84","first-page":"641","article-title":"Resolution of syringohydromyelia with targeted CT-guided epidural blood patching","volume":"115","author":"Kranz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012_bib85","first-page":"905","article-title":"Syringomyelia in spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Case report","volume":"95","author":"Sharma","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgery Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1042368022000821?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1042368022000821?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T20:04:23Z","timestamp":1760904263000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1042368022000821"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1042368022000821"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-3680"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-3680","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks, Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension, and Chiari I Malformation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neurosurgery Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nec.2022.08.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}