{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T03:06:41Z","timestamp":1792292801848,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurosurgery Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T23:31:42Z","timestamp":1738279902000},"page":"149-155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Adult Hydrocephalus Clinical Subtypes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib1","first-page":"1055","article-title":"Global neurosurgery: the current capacity and deficit in the provision of essential neurosurgical care. Executive summary of the global neurosurgery initiative at the program in global surgery and social change","volume":"130","author":"Dewan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204926","article-title":"Age-specific global epidemiology of hydrocephalus: systematic review, metanalysis and global birth surveillance","volume":"13","author":"Isaacs","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib3","first-page":"1210","article-title":"Readmission and reoperation for hydrocephalus: a population-based analysis across the spectrum of age","volume":"134","author":"LeHanka","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib4","first-page":"299","article-title":"Hydrocephalus in the emergency department: descriptive nationwide data and analysis of transfer","volume":"140","author":"Piatt","year":"2024","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.12.094","article-title":"Classification of chronic hydrocephalus in adults: a systematic review and analysis","volume":"183","author":"Tullberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"World Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib6","first-page":"1773","article-title":"The clinical spectrum of hydrocephalus in adults: report of the first 517 subjects of the adult hydrocephalus clinical research network registry","volume":"132","author":"Williams","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib7","series-title":"Got transition: six core elements of health care transition\u2122 3.0","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib9","first-page":"1037","article-title":"Improving health care transition and longitudinal care for adolescents and young adults with hydrocephalus: report from the hydrocephalus association transition summit","volume":"131","author":"Williams","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Healthcare transition in pediatric neurosurgery: a consensus statement from the American Society of Pediatric Neurosurgeons","volume":"14","author":"Rocque","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3171\/2022.2.PEDS21419","article-title":"A\u00a0qualitative study of transitioning patients with hydrocephalus from pediatric to adult care: fear of uncertainty, communication gaps, independence, and loss of relationships","volume":"30","author":"Fouladirad","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E3","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.6.FOCUS16193","article-title":"Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for treatment of adult hydrocephalus: long-term follow-up of 163 patients","volume":"41","author":"Isaacs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib13","first-page":"933","article-title":"Pathophysiology of long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults","volume":"92","author":"Oi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(01)00359-7","article-title":"Clinical features of late-onset idiopathic aqueductal stenosis","volume":"55","author":"Fukuhara","year":"2001","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1179\/016164105X17242","article-title":"The syndrome of hydrocephalus in young and middle-aged adults (SHYMA)","author":"Cowan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.03.064","article-title":"Long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of endoscopic third ventriculostomy versus ventriculoperitoneal shunt as first-line treatment","volume":"174","author":"Gillespie","year":"2023","journal-title":"World Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.3109\/02688697.2012.673647","article-title":"Long term neuropsychological outcome and management of \u2018decompensated\u2019 longstanding overt ventriculomegaly in adults","volume":"26","author":"Al-Jumaily","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-024-00602-z","article-title":"Research priorities for improving cognitive and neuropsychological outcomes in hydrocephalus","volume":"21","author":"Dasher","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib18","first-page":"887","article-title":"Cognitive and gait outcomes after primary endoscopic third ventriculostomy in adults with chronic obstructive hydrocephalus","volume":"136","author":"Zwimpfer","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.08.068","article-title":"Long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults (LOVA): diagnostic aspects, CSF dynamics with lumbar infusion test and treatment options in a consecutive series with long-term follow-up","volume":"156","author":"Tuniz","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E8","DOI":"10.3171\/2023.1.FOCUS22642","article-title":"CSF dynamics in long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults","volume":"54","author":"Pirina","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12010003","article-title":"From shunt to recovery: a multidisciplinary approach to hydrocephalus treatment in severe acquired brain injury rehabilitation","volume":"12","author":"Castellani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1080\/02688697.2021.1967289","article-title":"Post-traumatic hydrocephalus \u2013 incidence, risk factors, treatment, and clinical outcome","volume":"36","author":"Wettervik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-020-04663-5","article-title":"Consensus statement from the international consensus meeting on post-traumatic cranioplasty","volume":"163","author":"Iaccarino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-8118-10-22","article-title":"Influence of comorbidities in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus - research and clinical care. a report of the ISHCSF task force on comorbidities in INPH","volume":"10","author":"Malm","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000168185.29659.C5","article-title":"Diagnosing idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"57","author":"Relkin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.st.2020-0292","article-title":"Guidelines for management of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: endorsed by the Japanese society of normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"61","author":"Nakajima","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol Med Chir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib27","first-page":"3215","article-title":"Symptoms and signs did not predict outcome after surgery: a prospective study of 143 patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"271","author":"Andr\u00e9n","year":"2024","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib28","first-page":"1277","article-title":"CSF spaces in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: morphology and volumetry","volume":"19","author":"Kitagaki","year":"1998","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-022-05402-8","article-title":"Radiological predictors of shunt response in the diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"165","author":"Thavarajasingam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232275","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of the iNPH Radscale in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"15","author":"Kockum","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib31","first-page":"1289","article-title":"Safety and effectiveness of the assessment and treatment of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus in the adult hydrocephalus clinical research network","volume":"137","author":"Williams","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13816","article-title":"Gait analysis in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Passaretti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib33","article-title":"Shunting for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"8","author":"Pearce","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib34","first-page":"1432","article-title":"Shunt surgery in patients with hydrocephalus and white matter changes","volume":"114","author":"Tisell","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00046-0","article-title":"Lumboperitoneal shunt surgery for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (SINPHONI-2): an open-label randomised trial","volume":"14","author":"Kazui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1080\/02688697.2016.1229751","article-title":"Surgical management of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a trial of a trial","volume":"30","author":"Toma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1227\/neu.0000000000002225","article-title":"Placebo-controlled effectiveness of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus shunting: a randomized pilot trial","volume":"92","author":"Luciano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2012.01676.x","article-title":"One-year outcome in the European multicentre study on iNPH","volume":"126","author":"Klinge","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.05.183","article-title":"Long-term efficacy of shunt therapy in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"129","author":"Grasso","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurgery"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgery Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1042368024001013?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1042368024001013?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T18:35:20Z","timestamp":1751394920000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1042368024001013"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1042368024001013"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-3680"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1042-3680","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Adult Hydrocephalus Clinical Subtypes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neurosurgery Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nec.2024.12.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}