{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T19:10:02Z","timestamp":1750360202890,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurosurgery Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T19:02:21Z","timestamp":1745866941000},"page":"401-409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Endocrinopathy and Dysautonomia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Gianna M.","family":"Fote","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander S.","family":"Himstead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jefferson W.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)61522-8","article-title":"Effects of the nervous system on the pituitary-adrenal activity","volume":"32","author":"Harris","year":"1970","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"issue":"10444","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2632","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00342-8","article-title":"Hypopituitarism","volume":"403","author":"Fleseriu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2005.100","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury and hypopituitarism","volume":"5","author":"Aimaretti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sci World J"},{"issue":"7109","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(59)91583-1","article-title":"Traumatic infarction of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland","volume":"2","author":"Daniel","year":"1959","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bas.2024.102830","article-title":"Acute neuroendocrine changes after traumatic brain injury","volume":"4","author":"Magyar-Sumegi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1100007","article-title":"Isolated anterior pituitary dysfunction in adulthood","volume":"14","author":"Prencipe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.07.186","article-title":"Anterior pituitary dysfunction after traumatic brain injury: a prospective study","volume":"190","author":"Rai","year":"2024","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm4071463","article-title":"Impaired pituitary axes following traumatic brain injury","volume":"4","author":"Scranton","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-08-0050","article-title":"Antipituitary antibodies after traumatic brain injury: is head trauma-induced pituitary dysfunction associated with autoimmunity?","volume":"159","author":"Tanriverdi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-820683-6.00014-2","article-title":"Antibodies against the pituitary and hypothalamus in boxers","volume":"181","author":"Kelestimur","year":"2021","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-236","article-title":"New perspectives on central and peripheral immune responses to acute traumatic brain injury","volume":"9","author":"Das","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000000468","article-title":"Clinical evidence of inflammation driving secondary brain injury: a systematic review","volume":"78","author":"Hinson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3181588245","article-title":"Neuroinflammatory responses after experimental diffuse traumatic brain injury","volume":"66","author":"Kelley","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2010.07.002","article-title":"Role of microglia in neurotrauma","volume":"7","author":"Loane","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.6349","article-title":"Prevalence of anterior pituitary dysfunction twelve months or more following traumatic brain injury in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Emelifeonwu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.12.1429","article-title":"Hypothalamopituitary dysfunction following traumatic brain injury and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review","volume":"298","author":"Schneider","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2014-1065","article-title":"Pituitary dysfunction after traumatic brain injury: a clinical and pathophysiological approach","volume":"36","author":"Tanriverdi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2476","article-title":"High risk of hypopituitarism after traumatic brain injury: a prospective investigation of anterior pituitary function in the acute phase and 12 months after trauma","volume":"91","author":"Tanriverdi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm4081536","article-title":"Update of endocrine dysfunction following pediatric traumatic brain injury","volume":"4","author":"Reifschneider","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.136922","article-title":"Dynamic pituitary hormones change after traumatic brain injury","volume":"62","author":"Zheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2006.19.5.691","article-title":"Hypothalamo-hypophysial dysfunction after traumatic brain injury in children and adolescents: a preliminary retrospective and prospective study","volume":"19","author":"Einaudi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2005.369ER","article-title":"Abnormalities of pituitary function after traumatic brain injury in children","volume":"24","author":"Niederland","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922810376234","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury in children and adolescents: surveillance for pituitary dysfunction","volume":"49","author":"Norwood","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2007.121137","article-title":"Pituitary function in paediatric survivors of severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"93","author":"Poomthavorn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.07.004","article-title":"Endocrine dysfunction following traumatic brain injury in children","volume":"157","author":"Kaulfers","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27302011000500001","article-title":"Diagnosis of adrenal failure in critically ill patients","volume":"55","author":"Moraes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-023-01263-5","article-title":"Neuroendocrine disruptions following head injury","volume":"23","author":"Wexler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-022-01672-3","article-title":"Endocrine dysfunction after traumatic brain injury: an ignored clinical syndrome?","volume":"39","author":"Mahajan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000046","article-title":"Clinical outcomes, predictors, and prevalence of anterior pituitary disorders following traumatic brain injury: a systematic review","volume":"42","author":"Lauzier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2012.2752","article-title":"A five year prospective investigation of anterior pituitary function after traumatic brain injury: is hypopituitarism long-term after head trauma associated with autoimmunity?","volume":"30","author":"Tanriverdi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0b013e3282f57528","article-title":"Adrenal insufficiency following traumatic brain injury in adults","volume":"14","author":"Powner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-72-4-773","article-title":"Adrenocorticotropin stimulation test: effects of basal cortisol level, time of day, and suggested new sensitive low dose test","volume":"72","author":"Dickstein","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2016-315500","article-title":"The screening and management of pituitary dysfunction following traumatic brain injury in adults: British Neurotrauma Group guidance","volume":"88","author":"Tan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm4071448","article-title":"Diabetes insipidus after traumatic brain injury","volume":"4","author":"Capatina","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.s3-4.1.178","article-title":"Hypothalamic and pituitary injury","volume":"4","author":"Treip","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol Suppl (R Coll Pathol)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2004.02023.x","article-title":"Neuroendocrine dysfunction in the acute phase of traumatic brain injury","volume":"60","author":"Agha","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1177\/000313480407000607","article-title":"Diabetes insipidus in the head-injured patient","volume":"70","author":"Boughey","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.01861","article-title":"The natural history of post-traumatic neurohypophysial dysfunction","volume":"152","author":"Agha","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2008.04.017","article-title":"Acute diabetes insipidus in severe head injury: a prospective study","volume":"207","author":"Hadjizacharia","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-200210000-00013","article-title":"Anterior hypopituitarism with unusual delayed onset of diabetes insipidus after penetrating head injury","volume":"81","author":"Alaca","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1985.63.3.0456","article-title":"Unusual delayed onset of diabetes insipidus following closed head trauma. Case report","volume":"63","author":"Hadani","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2016-311609","article-title":"Pituitary dysfunction after traumatic brain injury: are there definitive data in children?","volume":"102","author":"Casano-Sancho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050701484849","article-title":"Cognitive deterioration due to GH deficiency in patients with traumatic brain injury: a preliminary report","volume":"21","author":"Le\u00f3n-Carri\u00f3n","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03345308","article-title":"Hypopituitarism as a consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and its possible relation with cognitive disabilities and mental distress","volume":"27","author":"Popovic","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Investig"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2009.1253","article-title":"Effect of growth hormone replacement therapy on cognition after traumatic brain injury","volume":"27","author":"High","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2012.2705","article-title":"Growth hormone replacement therapy in patients with traumatic brain injury","volume":"30","author":"Moreau","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2014.3526","article-title":"Chronic endocrinopathies in traumatic brain injury disease","volume":"32","author":"Masel","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib48","first-page":"80","article-title":"Thyroid function in severely traumatized patients with or without head injury","volume":"117","author":"Chiol\u00e9ro","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol (Copenh)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib49","first-page":"463","article-title":"Post-traumatic anterior and posterior pituitary dysfunction","volume":"104","author":"Su","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-7241-21-33","article-title":"Acute neuro-endocrine profile and prediction of outcome after severe brain injury","volume":"21","author":"Olivecrona","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2007.02931.x","article-title":"Acute and long-term pituitary insufficiency in traumatic brain injury: a prospective single-centre study","volume":"67","author":"Klose","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6085","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0504","article-title":"Residual pituitary function after brain injury-induced hypopituitarism: a prospective 12-month study","volume":"90","author":"Aimaretti","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02071","article-title":"Prevalence of anterior pituitary insufficiency 3 and 12 months after traumatic brain injury","volume":"154","author":"Schneider","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.3301","article-title":"Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity after acquired brain injury: consensus on conceptual definition, nomenclature, and diagnostic criteria","volume":"31","author":"Baguley","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30259-4","article-title":"Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity: the storm after acute brain injury","volume":"16","author":"Meyfroidt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22066","article-title":"A review of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity after acquired brain injury","volume":"68","author":"Perkes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2011.2033","article-title":"Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity after traumatic brain injury: clinical and prognostic implications","volume":"29","author":"Fernandez-Ortega","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-013-9877-3","article-title":"Early diagnosis of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity in the ICU","volume":"20","author":"Hughes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-013-0370-3","article-title":"Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity after acute brain injury","volume":"13","author":"Choi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.4364","article-title":"Catecholamines and paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity after traumatic brain injury","volume":"34","author":"Fernandez-Ortega","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2016.1184757","article-title":"Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity: autonomic instability and muscle over-activity following severe brain injury","volume":"30","author":"Letzkus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib62","first-page":"138","article-title":"Autonomic hyperactivity","volume":"26","author":"Rabinstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2010.1391","article-title":"Prognostic influence and magnetic resonance imaging findings in paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity after severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"27","author":"Lv","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-014-0494-0","article-title":"Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity after severe brain injury","volume":"14","author":"Lump","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.67.1.39","article-title":"Dysautonomia after traumatic brain injury: a forgotten syndrome?","volume":"67","author":"Baguley","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9","DOI":"10.4037\/ccn2020348","article-title":"Pharmacological treatment for paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity","volume":"40","author":"Shald","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Nurse"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2020.7597","article-title":"Pharmacological management of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity: a scoping review","volume":"38","author":"Tu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2007.06.008","article-title":"The incidence of neurogenic shock in patients with isolated spinal cord injury in the emergency department","volume":"76","author":"Guly","year":"2008","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.46292\/sci2702-225","article-title":"Evaluation and management of autonomic dysreflexia and other autonomic dysfunctions: preventing the highs and lows: management of blood pressure, sweating, and temperature dysfunction","volume":"27","author":"Krassioukov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2019.1660840","article-title":"Current practices and goals for mean arterial pressure and spinal cord perfusion pressure in acute traumatic spinal cord injury: defining the gaps in knowledge","volume":"44","author":"Menacho","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002953","article-title":"Mean arterial pressure maintenance following spinal cord injury: does meeting the target matter?","volume":"90","author":"Weinberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101089","article-title":"The prevalence of orthostatic hypotension during physiotherapy treatment in patients with an acute spinal cord injury","volume":"38","author":"Illman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2027594","article-title":"Prevalence of autonomic dysreflexia in patients with spinal cord injury above T6","volume":"2017","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib74","first-page":"93","article-title":"[Autonomic dysreflexia and nursing interventions for patients with spinal cord injury]","volume":"47","author":"de Andrade","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev Esc Enferm USP"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2017.1314878","article-title":"An investigation of the relationship between autonomic dysreflexia and intrathecal baclofen in patients with spinal cord injury","volume":"41","author":"Del Fabro","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgery Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S104236802500021X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S104236802500021X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T18:35:51Z","timestamp":1750358151000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S104236802500021X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S104236802500021X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1042-3680"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1042-3680"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Endocrinopathy and Dysautonomia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neurosurgery Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nec.2025.03.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}