{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:01:18Z","timestamp":1790683278014,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nurse Education Today"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T16:30:31Z","timestamp":1788971431000},"page":"107409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Development and application of older adult safety and ethics simulation education for nursing students: A mixed-methods study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"168","author":[{"given":"Narae","family":"Heo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.14694","article-title":"Process evaluation of a multicomponent intervention to prevent physical restraints in nursing homes (IMPRINT): a mixed methods study","volume":"77","author":"Abraham","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-025-03458-2","article-title":"The impact of an AI-focused ethics education program on nursing students\u2019 ethical awareness, moral sensitivity, attitudes, and generative AI adoption intention: a quasi-experimental study","volume":"24","author":"Abuadas","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0015","article-title":"Efficacy of simulation using NLN\/Jeffries nursing education simulation framework on satisfaction and self-confidence of undergraduate nursing students in a Middle-Eastern country","volume":"7","author":"Al Khasawneh","year":"2021","journal-title":"SAGE Open Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-023-04778-0","article-title":"A reflective learning conversations model for simulation debriefing","volume":"23","author":"Almomani","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Med. Educ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0025","author":"American Nurses Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2021.103077","article-title":"The impact of ageing simulation education on healthcare professionals to promote person-centred care towards older people: a literature review","volume":"53","author":"Bowden","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nurse Educ. Pract."},{"issue":"13\u201314","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3656","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.16474","article-title":"The impact of ageing simulation education on qualified acute care nurses\u2019 empathy towards older people: a mixed-methods study","volume":"32","author":"Bowden","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/10783903251338589","article-title":"The value of an educational intervention on knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to seclusion and restraint use in a psychiatric\/mental health setting","author":"Bryant","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Psychiatr. Nurses Assoc."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.4040\/jkan.2009.39.6.769","article-title":"Effects of an educational program for the reduction of physical restraint use by caregivers in geriatric hospitals","volume":"39","author":"Choi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Korean Acad. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0050","first-page":"42","article-title":"Guided reflection in simulation-based education: a scoping review","volume":"64","author":"Curtis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Simul. Nurs."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x","article-title":"The qualitative content analysis process","volume":"62","author":"Elo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0060","first-page":"1","article-title":"Qualitative content analysis: a focus on trustworthiness","author":"Elo","year":"2014","journal-title":"SAGE Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0065","first-page":"31","article-title":"The effects of physical restraint education on the knowledge and attitude of nurse interns","volume":"13","author":"Ertu\u011frul","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Nurs."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0070","first-page":"110","article-title":"Undergraduate student nurses\u2019 satisfaction, self-confidence, and perception of high-fidelity simulation-based learning on critically-ill patients","volume":"58","author":"Gaspar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Med. Philipp."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb9000","first-page":"526","article-title":"Factors influencing nursing practices of physical restraint use among nurses working in long-term care hospitals","volume":"20","author":"Ha","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Korea Acad.-Ind. Coop. Soc."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0080","first-page":"529","article-title":"Factors influencing nursing practices of physical restraints use by nursing students","volume":"22","author":"Ha","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Korea Acad.-Ind. Coop. Soc."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.4040\/jkan.23032","article-title":"Nursing students\u2019 experiences of observing the use of physical restraints: a qualitative study","volume":"53","author":"Ha","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Korean Acad. Nurs."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0075","first-page":"1","article-title":"Factors influencing nursing practice for physical restraints among nurses in long-term care hospitals","volume":"11","author":"Ha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob. Health Nurs."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11152204","article-title":"Physical restraint use in nursing homes\u2014regional variances and ethical considerations: a scoping review of empirical studies","volume":"11","author":"Hakverdio\u011flu Y\u00f6nt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecns.2023.101446","article-title":"Understanding mixed-methods in healthcare simulation research: scope and limitations","volume":"82","author":"Harder","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Simul. Nurs."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2048-7940.1991.tb01245.x","article-title":"What nursing staff members really know about physical restraints","volume":"16","author":"Janelli","year":"1991","journal-title":"Rehabil. Nurs."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.7739\/jkafn.2020.27.4.375","article-title":"Development of an ethical sensitivity scale for clinical nurses","volume":"27","author":"Joung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Fundamentals of Nursing"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.17079\/jkgn.2024.00402","article-title":"Information-motivation-behavioral skill model-based physical restraint education program for nursing care providers in long-term care hospitals: a quasi-experimental repeated measures non-equivalent control group design","volume":"26","author":"Jun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.22251\/jlcci.2023.23.20.319","article-title":"Hybrid nursing simulation training with multiperspective debriefing: a mixed methods case study","volume":"23","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Korean Association for Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.34250\/jkccn.2022.15.3.62","article-title":"Factors influencing nursing practice for physical restraints among nurses in the intensive care unit","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecns.2024.101563","article-title":"Development and effects of extended reality training for nursing students on intravenous therapy using an infusion pump: a mixed methods study","volume":"94","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Simul. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-024-01238-z","article-title":"Factors affecting nursing practice of patient physical restraint among nurses","volume":"82","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch. Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0135","first-page":"347","article-title":"Perceptions and attitude on use of physical restraints among caregivers in long term care facilities","volume":"26","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Korean Gerontol. Soc."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.47116\/apjcri.2025.12.61","article-title":"The effects of ethical sensitivity, caring efficacy, and nursing professionalism on attitudes toward physical restraint use among nursing students","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Convergent Research Interchange"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2023.106086","article-title":"Nursing students\u2019 experiences regarding physical restraint use in long-term care facilities: a qualitative descriptive study","volume":"133","author":"Kong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nurse Educ. Today"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kjms.2017.05.012","article-title":"Educational intervention on physical restraint use in long-term care facilities\u2013systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Lan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kaohsiung J. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.16528","article-title":"Critical care nurses\u2019 experiences of physical restraint in intensive care units: a qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis","volume":"32","author":"Lao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0160","series-title":"Development of person centered nursing assessment tool (PCNAT)(Unpublished doctoral dissertation)","author":"Lee","year":"2018"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.5762\/KAIS.2025.26.7.427","article-title":"The effects of interpersonal relationship ability and ethical sensitivity on person-centered care in nursing student","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.12557","article-title":"Nurse education to reduce physical restraints use in ICU: a scoping review","volume":"27","author":"Lei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nurs. Crit. Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/nuf.12019","article-title":"A concept analysis of patient-centered care","volume":"48","author":"Lusk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nurs. Forum"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0180","article-title":"Predicting critical care nurses\u2019 intention to use physical restraints in intubated patients: a structural equation model","volume":"31","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nurs. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2025.104281","article-title":"Effective intervention measures to improve the ethical sensitivity of nurses and nursing students","author":"Meng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nurse Educ. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0190","series-title":"Standards for the use of physical restraints in medical institutions","author":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","year":"2020"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1002\/pfi.4930420508","article-title":"In search of the elusive ADDIE model","volume":"42","author":"Molenda","year":"2003","journal-title":"Perform. Improv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0200","author":"National League for Nursing"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1258\/jhsrp.2007.007074","article-title":"The quality of mixed methods studies in health services research","volume":"13","author":"O\u2019Cathain","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Health Serv. Res. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0210","article-title":"The effect of simulated problem learning in nursing ethics on moral sensitivity, empathy and critical thinking of nursing students: a quasi-experimental study","volume":"80","author":"Qu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nurse Educ. Pract."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2007.03.007","article-title":"Debriefing with good judgment: combining rigorous feedback with genuine inquiry","volume":"25","author":"Rudolph","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anesthesiol. Clin."},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15552","article-title":"A scoping review of the integration of ethics education in undergraduate nursing high-fidelity human simulation-based learning","volume":"30","author":"Sedgwick","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Nurs."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13111243","article-title":"Impact of delirium-related stress, self-efficacy, person-centred care on delirium nursing performance among nurses in trauma intensive care units: a cross-sectional study","volume":"13","author":"Seong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0230","first-page":"75","article-title":"The impact of nursing students\u2019 knowledge, attitudes, and perception of physical restraint on problem-solving ability: moderating effect of perception","volume":"23","author":"Shim","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Ind. Converg."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0235","first-page":"101","article-title":"Factors associated with nursing students\u2019 ethical values: focusing on perceptions of restraints use, attitudes regarding use of restraints and nursing professional values","volume":"18","author":"Shin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0240","author":"Statistics Korea"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1177\/09697330221143149","article-title":"Exploring the ethics of physical restraints: Students\u2019 questioning","volume":"30","author":"Tanaka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nurs. Ethics"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.16322","article-title":"Restraint practice in the somatic acute care hospital: a participant observation study","volume":"32","author":"Thomann","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0255","series-title":"World population prospects 2024: Summary of results","author":"United Nations","year":"2024"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.12838","article-title":"Nurses\u2019 attitudes towards the use of physical restraint in psychiatric care: a systematic review of qualitative and quantitative studies","volume":"29","author":"Wong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Ment. Health Nurs."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12212172","article-title":"Influences of digital literacy and moral sensitivity on artificial intelligence ethics awareness among nursing students","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409_bb0270","series-title":"Factors influencing nursing students\u2019 flow experience and clinical competency in simulation-based education: Based on Jeffries\u2019s simulation model (Unpublished master\u2019s thesis)","author":"Yoo","year":"2016"}],"container-title":["Nurse Education Today"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0260691726004375?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0260691726004375?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:29:00Z","timestamp":1790681340000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0260691726004375"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["S0260691726004375"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409","relation":{},"ISSN":["0260-6917"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0260-6917","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Development and application of older adult safety and ethics simulation education for nursing students: A mixed-methods study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Nurse Education Today","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107409","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107409"}}