{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T08:24:17Z","timestamp":1794385457790,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nurse Education Today"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T15:46:12Z","timestamp":1790783172000},"page":"107447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Self-perceived clinical leadership among European nursing students: A six-country cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"168","author":[{"given":"Joana Pereira","family":"Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sue","family":"Baron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keren","family":"Grinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie Louise","family":"Luiking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun Hua","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerardina","family":"Harnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annamaria","family":"Bagnasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Aleo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Nagorska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Cerveny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Bianchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iira","family":"Tiitta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Frazer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2628-856X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sigalit","family":"Warshawski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.4103\/apc.apc_83_23","article-title":"Understanding the impact of clinical and leadership development activities for pediatric cardiac nurses in India","volume":"16","author":"Aagard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Pediatr. Cardiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-024-02603-7","article-title":"Leadership and management skills for student nurses: a scoping review","volume":"24","author":"Abdul-Rahim","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447_bb0015","series-title":"Contemporary Leadership Challenges","first-page":"251","article-title":"Leadership in nursing","volume":"vol. 1","author":"Al-Dossary","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-024-01750-1","article-title":"Nursing experience and leadership skills among staff nurses and intern nursing students in Saudi Arabia: A mixed methods study","volume":"23","author":"Alilyyani","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2023.105891","article-title":"Perceptions of nursing students about leadership: a qualitative study","volume":"128","author":"Aydogdu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nurse Educ. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2024.104092","article-title":"Dimensions of clinical leadership among pre-registration nursing students: a cross-sectional study between two countries","volume":"79","author":"Baron","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nurse Educ. Pract."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-020-01223-2","article-title":"The safety of health care for ethnic minority patients: a systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Chauhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Equity Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.3390\/nursrep15050160","article-title":"Leadership development in undergraduate nursing students: a scoping review","volume":"15","author":"Costa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nurs. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447_bb0060","first-page":"338","article-title":"Changing practice through nursing leadership: a pediatric oncology unit in Delhi, India","volume":"40","author":"Dabas","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447_bb0065","series-title":"Comparison of Leadership Priorities Among Undergraduate and Graduate Nursing Students","author":"D\u2019Anna","year":"2024"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.3928\/00220124-20141023-05","article-title":"Leadership behaviors of frontline staff nurses","volume":"45","author":"Fardellone","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Contin. Educ. Nurs."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.teln.2024.01.015","article-title":"Systemic antecedents of academic incivility in nursing: an integrative review","volume":"19","author":"Fontenot","year":"2024","journal-title":"Teach. Learn. Nurs."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5214","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.17099","article-title":"Mapping leadership in undergraduate nursing regulator standards and requirements across eleven countries","volume":"81","author":"Frazer","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2020.104576","article-title":"Dimensions of leadership in undergraduate nursing students: validation of a tool","volume":"95","author":"Fuster Linares","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nurse Educ. Today"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1111\/jonm.13570","article-title":"Nurses\u2019 clinical leadership in the hospital setting: a systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Guibert-Lacasa","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nurs. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447_bb0095","series-title":"Professional Issues in Nursing: Challenges and Opportunities","author":"Huston","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447_bb0100","author":"International Council of Nurses (ICN)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19041989","article-title":"The trend of authentic leadership skills in nursing education: the key role of perfectionism and self-efficacy","volume":"19","author":"Jaworski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.712","article-title":"The level of competence of graduating nursing students in 10 European countries\u2014Comparison between countries","volume":"8","author":"Kajander-Unkuri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nursing Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2216","DOI":"10.1111\/jonm.13596","article-title":"Nursing leaders\u2019 perceptions of the state of nursing leadership and the need for nursing leadership education reform: a qualitative content analysis from South Korea","volume":"30","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nurs. Manag."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NEP.0000000000001259","article-title":"Assessment of nurse educator leadership: instrument development and psychometric analysis","volume":"45","author":"Krouse","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nurs. Educ. Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.16284","article-title":"Inclusive pedagogy in online simulation-based learning in undergraduate nursing education: a scoping review","volume":"81","author":"Langan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447_bb0135","first-page":"e20210928","article-title":"Educational strategy to develop nursing students\u2019 management competencies in hospital practice","volume":"75","author":"Leal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Enferm."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.profnurs.2018.09.009","article-title":"A new leadership development model for nursing education","volume":"35","author":"Miles","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Professional Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447_bb0145","series-title":"Regulamento n.\u00b0 190\/2015: Regulamento do perfil de compet\u00eancias do enfermeiro de cuidados gerais. Di\u00e1rio da Rep\u00fablica, 2.\u00aa s\u00e9rie","author":"NMC regulation Ordem dos Enfermeiros","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447_bb9000","author":"Nursing & Midwifery Council"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447_bb0150","series-title":"Nurse and Midwife Education: Standards and Requirements","author":"Nursing and Midwifery Board Ireland (NMBI)","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NEP.0000000000000981","article-title":"Building academic leadership capacity through coaching","author":"Patterson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nurs. Educ. Perspect."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447_bb3010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1111\/jonm.12951","article-title":"Learning to lead: a scoping review of undergraduate nurse education","volume":"28","author":"Scammell","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nurs. Manag."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.3928\/00220124-20240529-01","article-title":"Investigating the influence of simulation-based instruction on advancing nursing proficiency: a rapid review","volume":"55","author":"Sharkiya","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Contin. Educ. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1097\/NND.0000000000000404","article-title":"Preparing nurse leaders in nursing professional development: theories applied to leadership in nursing professional development","volume":"34","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nurses Prof. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.profnurs.2024.06.003","article-title":"Addressing the 2021 essentials with new approaches for developing leadership, resilience, and self-care\/well-being in undergraduate baccalaureate nursing students","volume":"54","author":"Stubin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Prof. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447_bb0185","article-title":"Leadership experiences in undergraduate nursing education: a student perspective","volume":"5","author":"Symenuk","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447_bb0195","author":"World Health Organization"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-023-01607-z","article-title":"Nursing students\u2019 emotional empathy, emotional intelligence, and higher education-related stress: a cross-sectional study","volume":"22","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Nurs."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447_bb0205","article-title":"Spiritual leadership among nursing educators: a correlational cross-sectional study with psychological capital","volume":"21","author":"Zeid","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Nurs."}],"container-title":["Nurse Education Today"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0260691726004752?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0260691726004752?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T07:33:43Z","timestamp":1794382423000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0260691726004752"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S0260691726004752"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447","relation":{},"ISSN":["0260-6917"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0260-6917","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Self-perceived clinical leadership among European nursing students: A six-country cross-sectional study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Nurse Education Today","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nedt.2026.107447","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107447"}}