{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T15:21:02Z","timestamp":1786720862329,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":152,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015883","name":"Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Nefrolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015883","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.es","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nefrolog\u00eda (English Edition)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T07:15:49Z","timestamp":1744355749000},"page":"1-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"S1","title":["Clinical Practice Guideline for detection and management of diabetic kidney disease: A consensus report by the Spanish Society of Nephrology"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5123-4603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuria","family":"Montero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5317-7304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laia","family":"Oliveras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3889-5578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Castelao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1134-9051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Gorriz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3621-0766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Soler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6727-1943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6515-4591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Quero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Garc\u00eda-Carro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7813-3917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Garcia-Sancho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7614-0830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marian","family":"Goicoechea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8679-0968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Jose","family":"Gorgojo Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8311-6214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6927-071X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Jes\u00fas","family":"Puchades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1027-7156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Espinosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8205-0447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nery","family":"Sabl\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2627-1445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Santamar\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5015-7474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Francisco","family":"Navarro-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0765","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO handbook for guideline development. 2nd ed. 2014."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E839","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.090449","article-title":"AGREE II: advancing guideline development, reporting and evaluation in health care","volume":"182","author":"Brouwers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0775","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Green S editors. Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i4919","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919","article-title":"ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions","volume":"355","author":"Sterne","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.09.011","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: a new series of articles in the Journal of Clinical Epidemiology","volume":"64","author":"Guyatt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-017-0497-6","article-title":"The cost-effectiveness of using chronic kidney disease risk scores to screen for early-stage chronic kidney disease","volume":"18","author":"Yarnoff","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2013.10.011","article-title":"Documento de Consenso sobre el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2 en el paciente con enfermedad renal cr\u00f3nica","volume":"142","author":"G\u00f3mez-Huelgas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Clin (Barc)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0800","first-page":"243","article-title":"Consensus document for the detection and management of chronic kidney disease","volume":"34","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Castelao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nefrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0805","first-page":"331","article-title":"Consensus document. Recommendations on assessing proteinuria during the diagnosis and follow-up of chronic kidney disease","volume":"31","author":"Monta\u00f1\u00e9s Berm\u00fadez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nefrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.06.016","article-title":"Day-to-day variability in spot urine albumin-creatinine ratio","volume":"62","author":"Naresh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(00)00414-9","article-title":"Is there a physiological variability for albumin excretion rate? Study in patients with diabetes type 1 and non-diabetic individuals","volume":"304","author":"Gomes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.5527\/wjn.v6.i4.209","article-title":"Exercise-induced albuminuria and circadian blood pressure abnormalities in type 2 diabetes","volume":"6","author":"Tankeu","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S24","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2010.11.009","article-title":"Equations: prevalence of and risk factors for diabetes mellitus in CKD in the Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP)","volume":"57","author":"McFarlane","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006","article-title":"A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate","volume":"150","author":"Levey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2008.03.004","article-title":"Cystatin C improves the diagnosis and stratification of chronic kidney disease, and the estimation of glomerular filtration rate in diabetes","volume":"34","author":"Rigalleau","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2007.02112.x","article-title":"The accuracy of cystatin C and commonly used creatinine-based methods for detecting moderate and mild chronic kidney disease in diabetes","volume":"24","author":"MacIsaac","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0845","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2019.11.012","article-title":"Measured GFR by utilizing population pharmacokinetic methods to determine iohexol clearance","volume":"5","author":"\u00c5sberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0850","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-11-3","article-title":"Large kidneys predict poor renal outcome in subjects with diabetes and chronic kidney disease","volume":"11","author":"Rigalleau","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0855","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.5414\/CNP59174","article-title":"Renal ultrasonography is useful for evaluating diabetic renal failure","volume":"59","author":"Nishimura","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020759","article-title":"Clinical and genetic associations of renal function and diabetic kidney disease in the United Arab Emirates: a cross-sectional study","volume":"8","author":"Osman","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0865","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-1545","article-title":"Glomerular and tubular damage markers are elevated in patients with diabetes","volume":"34","author":"Nauta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0870","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.913265","article-title":"Evaluation of serum microRNAs in patients with diabetic kidney disease: a nested case-controlled study and bioinformatics analysis","volume":"25","author":"Regmi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Sci Monitor"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0875","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.2174\/1871530318666180426112050","article-title":"Serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide level is associated with the development of chronic kidney diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"18","author":"Sawada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0880","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-0030","article-title":"Identification of novel urinary biomarkers for predicting renal prognosis in patients with type 2 diabetes by glycan profiling in a multicenter prospective cohort study: U-CARE study 1","volume":"41","author":"Mise","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0885","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-0867","article-title":"Association between inflammatory markers and progression to kidney dysfunction: examining different assessment windows in patients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"41","author":"Baker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0890","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3744","DOI":"10.2337\/db16-0310","article-title":"Advanced glycation end products predict loss of renal function and correlate with lesions of diabetic kidney disease in american indians with type 2 diabetes","volume":"65","author":"Saulnier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108082","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108082","article-title":"Potential biomarkers for early detection of diabetic kidney disease","volume":"161","author":"Hussain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0900","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-1604","article-title":"Novel biomarkers for change in renal function in people with dysglycemia","volume":"43","author":"Gerstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155426","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1155426","article-title":"An integrated machine learning predictive scheme for longitudinal laboratory data to evaluate the factors determining renal function changes in patients with different chronic kidney disease stages","volume":"10","author":"Tsai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2791","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S425198","article-title":"Correlation between the variability of different obesity indices and diabetic kidney disease: a retrospective cohort study based on populations in Taiwan","volume":"16","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocy165","article-title":"Robust clinical marker identification for diabetic kidney disease with ensemble feature selection","volume":"26","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-020-1705-3","article-title":"The burden of unrecognised chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes at a county hospital clinic in Kenya: implications to care and need for screening","volume":"21","author":"Otieno","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-021-00462-y","article-title":"Trajectories of kidney function in diabetes: a clinicopathological update","volume":"17","author":"Oshima","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.07.020","article-title":"Translating the diabetes prevention program","volume":"37","author":"Kramer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0935","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.7326\/M22-3228","article-title":"Population-wide screening for chronic kidney disease","volume":"176","author":"Cusick","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0940","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-022-02947-9","article-title":"Development and validation of algorithms to identify patients with chronic kidney disease and related chronic diseases across the Northern Territory, Australia","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0945","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(03)00405-0","article-title":"Early detection of kidney disease in community settings: the kidney early evaluation program (KEEP)","volume":"42","author":"Brown","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0950","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfaa125","article-title":"Optimizing the timing of nephrology referral for patients with diabetic kidney disease","volume":"14","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Castelao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0955","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.07.013","article-title":"International consensus definitions of clinical trial outcomes for kidney failure: 2020","volume":"98","author":"Levin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0960","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.026","article-title":"Update on anemia in ESRD and earlier stages of CKD: core curriculum 2018","volume":"71","author":"Fishbane","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0965","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0001172021","article-title":"eGFR decline after SGLT2 inhibitor initiation: the tortoise and the hare reimagined","volume":"2","author":"Meraz-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney 360"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0970","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5425","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115425","article-title":"Kidney biopsy in type 2 diabetic patients: critical reflections on present indications and diagnostic alternatives","volume":"22","author":"Santoro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0975","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.09.013","article-title":"Indications for renal biopsy in patients with diabetes. Joint position statement of the Italian Society of Nephrology and the Italian Diabetes Society","volume":"30","author":"Di Paolo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0980","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-018-1133-z","article-title":"Defining the contribution of chronic kidney disease to all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: the Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Italian Multicenter Study","volume":"55","author":"Penno","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0985","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfz177","article-title":"Risk factors for non-diabetic renal disease in diabetic patients","author":"Bermejo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0990","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000444026","article-title":"Renal biopsy in 2015 \u2013 from epidemiology to evidence-based indications","volume":"43","author":"Fiorentino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib0995","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.08.012","article-title":"Diabetes management in chronic kidney disease: a consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO)","volume":"102","author":"de Boer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1811744","article-title":"Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy","volume":"380","author":"Perkovic","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2024816","article-title":"Dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"383","author":"Heerspink","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EMPA-KIDNEY Collaborative Group. Empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med. 2023;388:117\u201327. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2204233.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2204233"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14502","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP1 agonists administered without metformin compared to other glucose-lowering drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus to prevent cardiovascular events: a systematic review","volume":"38","author":"Escobar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetic Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1020","unstructured":"A research study to find out how semaglutide works in the kidneys compared to placebo, in people with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (the REMODEL trial) (REMODEL). [updated 27.10.23]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.030","article-title":"Targeting inflammation to treat diabetic kidney disease: the road to 2030","volume":"103","author":"Rayego-Mateos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30104-9","article-title":"Dulaglutide versus insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease (AWARD-7): a multicentre, open-label, randomised trial","volume":"6","author":"Tuttle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1615692","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of degludec versus glargine in type 2 diabetes","volume":"377","author":"Marso","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607141","article-title":"Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"375","author":"Marso","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32261-X","article-title":"Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"392","author":"Hernandez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2108269","article-title":"Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with efpeglenatide in type 2 diabetes","volume":"385","author":"Gerstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2403347","article-title":"Effects of semaglutide on chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"391","author":"Perkovic","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00243-1","article-title":"Effects of tirzepatide versus insulin glargine on kidney outcomes in type 2 diabetes in the SURPASS-4 trial: post-hoc analysis of an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial","volume":"10","author":"Heerspink","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00252649","article-title":"The effect of insulin on renal sodium metabolism. A review with clinical implications","volume":"21","author":"DeFronzo","year":"1981","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5388","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18105388","article-title":"Insulin withdrawal in diabetic kidney disease: what are we waiting for?","volume":"18","author":"Morillas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SPRINT Research Group, Wright Jr J, Williamson J, Whelton P, Snyder JK, Sink KM. A randomized trial of intensive versus standard blood-pressure control. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:2103\u201316.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1511939"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2006.05.011","article-title":"Effect of intensive blood pressure control with valsartan on urinary albumin excretion in normotensive patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"19","author":"Estacio","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ACCORD Study Group. Effects of intensive blood-pressure control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:1575\u201385.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1001286"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patel A, ADVANCE Collaborative Group, MacMahon S, Chalmers J, Neal B, Woodward M, et al. Effects of a fixed combination of perindopril and indapamide on macrovascular and microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the ADVANCE trial): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2007;370:829\u201340.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61303-8"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneph0559","article-title":"Appropriate blood pressure control in hypertensive and normotensive type 2 diabetes mellitus: a summary of the ABCD trial","volume":"3","author":"Schrier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1100","first-page":"894","article-title":"A comparative study of efficacy of enalapril versus telmisartan in patients with diabetic nephropathy","volume":"10","author":"Arpitha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.07.011","article-title":"Effect of dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin system on the progression of type 2 diabetic nephropathy: a randomized trial","volume":"61","author":"Fernandez Juarez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13639","article-title":"Effects of valsartan, benazepril and their combination in overt nephropathy of type 2 diabetes: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Ruggenenti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa042274","article-title":"Angiotensin-receptor blockade versus converting-enzyme inhibition in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy","volume":"351","author":"Barnett","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.13.1555","article-title":"Effects of blood pressure level on progression of diabetic nephropathy: results from the RENAAL study","volume":"163","author":"Bakris","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2978","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2325-z","article-title":"Effects of olmesartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes with overt nephropathy: a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled study","volume":"54","author":"Imai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011303","article-title":"Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes","volume":"345","author":"Lewis","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12029","article-title":"Comparison of spironolactone and trichlormethiazide as add-on therapy to renin\u2013angiotensin blockade for reduction of albuminuria in diabetic patients","volume":"4","author":"Hase","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000249708.44016.5c","article-title":"Spironolactone in type 2 diabetic nephropathy: effects on proteinuria, blood pressure and renal function","volume":"24","author":"van den Meiracker","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2025845","article-title":"Effect of finerenone on chronic kidney disease outcomes in type 2 diabetes","volume":"383","author":"Bakris","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.14751218","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of esaxerenone (CS-3150) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes with microalbuminuria A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase ii trial","volume":"14","author":"Ito","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003330","article-title":"Effect of finerenone on ambulatory blood pressure in chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes","volume":"41","author":"Agarwal","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.12032","article-title":"Randomized study of antihypertensive efficacy and safety of combination aliskiren\/valsartan vs valsartan monotherapy in hypertensive participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"15","author":"Bakris","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2304","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0833","article-title":"Impact of baseline renal function on the efficacy and safety of Aliskiren added to losartan in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy","volume":"33","author":"Persson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0164936","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164936","article-title":"Comparative effects of direct renin inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker on albuminuria in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes. A randomized controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Uzu","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.028268","article-title":"Empagliflozin and clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Established cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease","volume":"137","author":"Wanner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1812389","article-title":"Dapagliflozin and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes","volume":"380","author":"Wiviott","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-017-0337-5","article-title":"Ertugliflozin in patients with stage 3 chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: the VERTIS RENAL randomized study","volume":"9","author":"Grunberger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab094","article-title":"Effects of dapagliflozin on mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease: a prespecified analysis from the DAPA-CKD randomized controlled trial","volume":"4213","author":"Heerspink","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02074-8","article-title":"Impact of diabetes on the effects of sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors on kidney outcomes: collaborative meta-analysis of large placebo-controlled trials","volume":"400","author":"Baigent","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011489","article-title":"The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"345","author":"Parving","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1291\/hypres.31.657","volume":"31","author":"Makino","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011161","article-title":"Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy","volume":"345","author":"Brenner","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61236-2","article-title":"Renal outcomes with telmisartan, ramipril, or both, in people at high vascular risk (the ONTARGET study): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, controlled trial","volume":"372","author":"Mann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ONTARGET Investigators. Telmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular events. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:1547\u201359.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0801317"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1901118","article-title":"Oral semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"381","author":"Husain","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2110956","article-title":"Cardiovascular events with finerenone in kidney disease and type 2 diabetes","volume":"385","author":"Pitt","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab777","article-title":"Cardiovascular and kidney outcomes with finerenone in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: the FIDELITY pooled analysis","volume":"43","author":"Agarwal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1986.215","article-title":"Noddin with the technical assistance of JA, Sandstrom DJ. Chronic effects of dietary protein in the rat with intact and reduced renal mass","volume":"30","author":"Hostetter","year":"1986","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2020.05.006","article-title":"KDOQI clinical practice guideline for nutrition in CKD: 2020 update","volume":"76","author":"Ikizler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1250","first-page":"8","article-title":"Optimizing diet to slow CKD progression","volume":"25","author":"Molina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1983.197","article-title":"Role of dietary factors in the progression of chronic renal disease","volume":"24","author":"Klahr","year":"1983","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1260","first-page":"CD001892","article-title":"Low protein diets for non-diabetic adults with chronic kidney disease","volume":"10","author":"Hahn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002934","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-002934","article-title":"Effect of low-protein diet on kidney function in diabetic nephropathy: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"3","author":"Nezu","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1270","first-page":"CD014906","article-title":"Protein restriction for diabetic kidney disease","volume":"1","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9080824","article-title":"Dietary approaches in the management of diabetic patients with kidney disease","volume":"9","author":"Ko","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1280","first-page":"S179","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease and risk management: standards of care in diabetes","volume":"47","author":"ElSayed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3227","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab484","article-title":"ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice","volume":"42","author":"Visseren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"I","DOI":"10.1177\/23969873221100032","article-title":"European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guideline on pharmacological interventions for long-term secondary prevention after ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack","volume":"7","author":"Dawson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Stroke J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4043","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad192","article-title":"ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes","volume":"44","author":"Marx","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.06.008","article-title":"KDIGO 2022 clinical practice guideline for diabetes management in chronic kidney disease","volume":"102","author":"Rossing","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2023.3364","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of enteric-coated vs uncoated aspirin in patients with cardiovascular disease","volume":"8","author":"Sleem","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-023-00901-2","article-title":"De-escalation or abbreviation of dual antiplatelet therapy in acute coronary syndromes and percutaneous coronary intervention: a Consensus Statement from an international expert panel on coronary thrombosis","volume":"20","author":"Gorog","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1315","first-page":"e123","article-title":"ACC\/AHA 2016 guideline focused update on duration of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with coronary artery disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"134","author":"Levine","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-020-01153-x","article-title":"Ticagrelor monotherapy in patients with concomitant diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease: a post hoc analysis of the GLOBAL LEADERS trial","volume":"19","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvac016","article-title":"Ticagrelor monotherapy after PCI in patients with concomitant diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease: TWILIGHT DM-CKD","volume":"8","author":"Dehghani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e011139","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.011139","article-title":"Impact of diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease on cardiovascular outcomes and platelet P2Y12 receptor antagonist effects in patients with acute coronary syndromes: insights from the PLATO trial","volume":"8","author":"Franchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1908077","article-title":"Ticagrelor in patients with stable coronary disease and diabetes","volume":"381","author":"Steg","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31887-2","article-title":"Ticagrelor in patients with diabetes and stable coronary artery disease with a history of previous percutaneous coronary intervention (THEMIS-PCI): a phase 3, placebo-controlled, randomised trial","volume":"394","author":"Bhatt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.03.529","article-title":"Reduction in ischemic events with ticagrelor in diabetic patients with prior myocardial infarction in PEGASUS-TIMI 54","volume":"67","author":"Bhatt","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.01.342","volume":"103","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.2531","article-title":"Outcomes associated with clopidogrel-aspirin use in minor stroke or transient ischemic attack","volume":"76","author":"Pan","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1916870","article-title":"Ticagrelor and aspirin or aspirin alone in acute ischemic stroke or TIA","volume":"383","author":"Johnston","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04100321","article-title":"Platelet abnormalities in CKD and their implications for antiplatelet therapy","volume":"17","author":"Baaten","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ASCEND Study Collaborative Group. Effects of aspirin for primary prevention in persons with diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:1529\u201339.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1804988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-1615","article-title":"Low-dose aspirin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes and reduced glomerular filtration rate","volume":"34","author":"Saito","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.025760","article-title":"Low-dose aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"135","author":"Saito","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2028220","article-title":"Polypill with or without aspirin in persons without cardiovascular disease","volume":"384","author":"Yusuf","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.09.023","article-title":"Effects of aspirin on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"103","author":"Mann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.046448","article-title":"Role of combination antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy in diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease","volume":"141","author":"Bhatt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2000052","article-title":"Rivaroxaban in peripheral artery disease after revascularization","volume":"382","author":"Bonaca","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1709118","article-title":"Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in stable cardiovascular disease","volume":"377","author":"Eikelboom","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa612","article-title":"2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)","volume":"42","author":"Hindricks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-019-0983-1","article-title":"Risk of atrial fibrillation in persons with type 2 diabetes and the excess risk in relation to glycaemic control and renal function: a Swedish cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Seyed Ahmadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2023.07.023","article-title":"Kidney function, albuminuria, and risk of incident atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"83","author":"Ha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000267275.68538.8d","article-title":"Independent predictors of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"69","author":"Hart","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13745","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.13745","article-title":"Impact of renal impairment on atrial fibrillation: ESC-EHRA EORP-AF Long-Term General Registry","volume":"52","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2168","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.009371","article-title":"Duration of diabetes mellitus and risk of thromboembolism and bleeding in atrial fibrillation","volume":"46","author":"Overvad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.062752","article-title":"Direct oral anticoagulants versus warfarin across the spectrum of kidney function: patient-level network meta-analyses from COMBINE AF","volume":"147","author":"Harrington","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.07.755","article-title":"Care patterns and outcomes in atrial fibrillation patients with and without diabetes","volume":"70","author":"Echouffo-Tcheugui","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1450","first-page":"8","article-title":"Non-valvular atrial fibrillation in CKD: role of vitamin K antagonists and direct oral anticoagulants. a narrative review","volume":"17","author":"Cases","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2876","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2876","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants versus warfarin in diabetic patients with atrial fibrillation: a study-level meta-analysis of phase III randomized trials","volume":"33","author":"Patti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1160\/TH17-03-0198","article-title":"Renal function, time in therapeutic range and outcomes in warfarin-treated atrial fibrillation patients: a retrospective analysis of nationwide registries","volume":"117","author":"Bonde","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2020.09.023","article-title":"2021 clinical practice guidelines on the management of venous thrombosis","volume":"61","author":"Kakkos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz405","volume":"41","author":"Konstantinides","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.11.055","article-title":"Increased risk and severity of unprovoked venous thromboembolism with clustering cardiovascular risk factors for atherosclerosis: results of the REMOTEV registry","volume":"252","author":"Gaertner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007030308","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease increases risk for venous thromboembolism","volume":"19","author":"Wattanakit","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1968","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-04-571232","article-title":"Direct oral anticoagulants compared with vitamin K antagonists for acute venous thromboembolism: evidence from phase 3 trials","volume":"124","author":"van Es","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.700740","article-title":"Impact of age, sex, and renal function on the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants vs. vitamin k antagonists for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism: a meta-analysis of 22,040 patients","volume":"8","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s40256-023-00579-4","article-title":"Updated renal dosage recommendations for rivaroxaban in patients experiencing or at risk of thromboembolic disease","volume":"23","author":"Volkl","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Cardiovasc Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1611925","article-title":"Canagliflozin and cardiovascular and renal events in type 2 diabetes","volume":"377","author":"Neal","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30268-7","article-title":"Lixisenatide and renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and acute coronary syndrome: an exploratory analysis of the ELIXA randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"6","author":"Muskiet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1603827","article-title":"Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes","volume":"375","author":"Marso","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2015.12.009","article-title":"Rationale and design of the EXenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering (EXSCEL) trial","volume":"174","author":"Holman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005_bib1520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31149-3","article-title":"Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"394","author":"Gerstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Nefrolog\u00eda (English Edition)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2013251425000550?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2013251425000550?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T10:40:46Z","timestamp":1762598446000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2013251425000550"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":152,"alternative-id":["S2013251425000550"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["2013-2514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2013-2514","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Clinical Practice Guideline for detection and management of diabetic kidney disease: A consensus report by the Spanish Society of Nephrology","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Nefrolog\u00eda (English Edition)","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nefroe.2025.04.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nefro.2024.11.002","name":"associatedlink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to the associated document"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Nefrolog\u00eda. Published by Elsevier Espa\u00f1a, S.L.U.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}