{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T05:18:49Z","timestamp":1794028729087,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002017","name":"Children&apos;s Brain Tumor Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002017","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016610","name":"Andrew McDonough B+ Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016610","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017296","name":"Swifty Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017296","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018101","name":"McKenna Claire Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018101","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neoplasia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T11:58:17Z","timestamp":1680350297000},"page":"100898","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Leptomeningeal dissemination in pediatric brain tumors"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2325-5244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Cocito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brice","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9545-8502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra M.","family":"Giantini-Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Valcarce-Aspegren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark M.","family":"Souweidane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Szalontay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Dahmane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey P.","family":"Greenfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-20-973","article-title":"An overview of leptomeningeal disease","volume":"10","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Palliat. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30911","article-title":"Leptomeningeal metastasis from systemic cancer: Review and update on management: Management of Leptomeningeal Metastasis","volume":"124","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2010.08.006","article-title":"Leptomeningeal disease","volume":"22","author":"Groves","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Clin. N. Am."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-008-0038-6","article-title":"Neoplastic meningitis","volume":"8","author":"Chamberlain","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0005","series-title":"Leptomeningeal metastases","first-page":"196","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2015.12.004","article-title":"Therapy of leptomeningeal metastasis in solid tumors","volume":"43","author":"Mack","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2015-210343","article-title":"Leptomeningeal metastases in pineoblastoma","author":"Sandip","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-009-0917-4","article-title":"Metastatic craniopharyngioma: case report and literature review","volume":"25","author":"Frangou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Childs Nerv. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-022-05482-y","article-title":"Leptomeningeal and subependymal seeding of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: a case report","author":"Parenrengi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Childs Nerv. Syst."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26416","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.26416","article-title":"Rapid and fulminant leptomeningeal spread following radiotherapy in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: Tinkle et\u00a0al","volume":"64","author":"Tinkle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr. Blood. Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-005-0037-6","article-title":"Imaging findings in primary intracranial atypical teratoid\/rhabdoid tumors","volume":"36","author":"Parmar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr. Radiol."},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-003-0746-9","article-title":"Pilocytic astrocytomas with leptomeningeal dissemination: biological behavior, clinical course, and therapeutical options","volume":"19","author":"Buschmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Childs Nerv. Syst."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6603402","article-title":"Secondary dissemination in children with high-grade malignant gliomas and diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas","volume":"95","author":"Wagner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.11.037","article-title":"Emerging biological principles of metastasis","volume":"168","author":"Lambert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"7386","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10825","article-title":"Clonal selection drives genetic divergence of metastatic medulloblastoma","volume":"482","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.01.038","article-title":"A Hematogenous route for medulloblastoma leptomeningeal metastases","volume":"172","author":"Garzia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2015.07.027","article-title":"A balanced view of the cerebrospinal fluid composition and functions: focus on adult humans","volume":"273","author":"Spector","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.029","article-title":"Mechanisms Governing Metastatic Dormancy and Reactivation","volume":"155","author":"Giancotti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109302","article-title":"Medulloblastoma uses GABA transaminase to survive in the cerebrospinal fluid microenvironment and promote leptomeningeal dissemination","volume":"35","author":"Martirosian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.5.PEDS1178","article-title":"Multidisciplinary management of childhood brain tumors: a review of outcomes, recent advances, and challenges: A review","volume":"8","author":"Pollack","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Pediatr."},{"issue":"7586","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16478","article-title":"Divergent clonal selection dominates medulloblastoma at recurrence","volume":"529","author":"Morrissy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.11.PEDS18506","article-title":"Leptomeningeal dissemination: a sinister pattern of medulloblastoma growth","volume":"23","author":"Fults","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Pediatr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-20-1026","article-title":"Molecular Determinants of Medulloblastoma Metastasis and Leptomeningeal Dissemination","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.6.PEDS17658","article-title":"Tumor dissemination through surgical tracts in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma","volume":"22","author":"Lobon-Iglesias","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.4416","article-title":"Diagnostic reliability of leptomeningeal disease using magnetic resonance imaging","author":"Harris","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noz024","article-title":"The RANO Leptomeningeal Metastasis Group proposal to assess response to treatment: lack of feasibility and clinical utility and a revised proposal","volume":"21","author":"Le Rhun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0027","first-page":"9","article-title":"Diagnostic reliability of leptomeningeal disease using magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"11","author":"Harris","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0063-6","article-title":"Medulloblastoma","volume":"5","author":"Northcott","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primer."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab106","article-title":"The 2021 WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system: a summary","volume":"23","author":"Louis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2017.05.005","article-title":"Intertumoral heterogeneity within medulloblastoma subgroups","volume":"31","author":"Cavalli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Cell."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.01359","article-title":"Clinical outcomes and patient-matched molecular composition of relapsed medulloblastoma","volume":"39","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30246-7","article-title":"Time, pattern, and outcome of medulloblastoma relapse and their association with tumour biology at diagnosis and therapy: a multicentre cohort study","volume":"4","author":"Hill","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab178","article-title":"Emergence and maintenance of actionable genetic drivers at medulloblastoma relapse","volume":"24","author":"Richardson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70449-2","article-title":"Recurrence patterns across medulloblastoma subgroups: an integrated clinical and molecular analysis","volume":"14","author":"Ramaswamy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2012.05434.x","article-title":"Role of glutamate metabolism in bacterial responses towards acid and other stresses","volume":"114","author":"Feehily","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2019.07.009","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptomics in medulloblastoma reveals tumor-initiating progenitors and oncogenic cascades during tumorigenesis and relapse","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4278","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-22-0527","article-title":"OLIG2 is a determinant for the relapse of MYC-amplified medulloblastoma","volume":"28","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1159\/000274458","article-title":"Differential modulation of Sonic-hedgehog-induced cerebellar granule cell precursor proliferation by the IGF signaling network","volume":"32","author":"Fernandez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27012","DOI":"10.1038\/srep27012","article-title":"IGF1R as a key target in high risk, metastatic medulloblastoma","volume":"6","author":"Svalina","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12811","article-title":"The molecular biology of medulloblastoma metastasis","volume":"30","author":"Van Ommeren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0125-9","article-title":"Craniopharyngioma","volume":"5","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primer."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0042","series-title":"StatPearls","article-title":"Craniopharyngioma","author":"Ortiz Torres","year":"2022"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2817","article-title":"Markers of recurrence and long-term morbidity in craniopharyngioma: a systematic analysis of 171 patients","volume":"97","author":"Gautier","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-002-0641-9","article-title":"Ectopic recurrences of craniopharyngioma","volume":"18","author":"Colosimo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Childs Nerv. Syst."},{"issue":"03","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1273743","article-title":"Ectopic Craniopharyngioma","volume":"223","author":"Kordes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Klin. P\u00e4diatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S83472","article-title":"Atypical teratoid\/rhabdoid tumors: challenges and search for solutions","volume":"8","author":"Biswas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Manag. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nou090","article-title":"The descriptive epidemiology of atypical teratoid\/rhabdoid tumors in the United States, 2001-2010","volume":"16","author":"Ostrom","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2018.11.014","article-title":"Comprehensive Analysis of chromatin states in atypical teratoid\/rhabdoid tumor identifies diverging roles for SWI\/SNF and polycomb in gene regulation","volume":"35","author":"Erkek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noz235","article-title":"Molecular subgrouping of atypical teratoid\/rhabdoid tumors-a reinvestigation and current consensus","volume":"22","author":"Ho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-016-2353-0","article-title":"Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor in the first year of life: the Canadian ATRT registry experience and review of the literature","volume":"132","author":"Fossey","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurooncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2020.03.003","article-title":"Meta-analysis of treatment modalities in metastatic atypical teratoid\/rhabdoid tumors in children","volume":"108","author":"Underiner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noz244","article-title":"Age and DNA methylation subgroup as potential independent risk factors for treatment stratification in children with atypical teratoid\/rhabdoid tumors","volume":"22","author":"Fr\u00fchwald","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1148\/93.6.1351","article-title":"An operative staging system and a megavoltage radiotherapeutic technic for cerebellar medulloblastomas","volume":"93","author":"Chang","year":"1969","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nov322","article-title":"Methylation profiling of choroid plexus tumors reveals 3 clinically distinct subgroups","volume":"18","author":"Thomas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncol."},{"issue":"7697","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1038\/nature26000","article-title":"DNA methylation-based classification of central nervous system tumours","volume":"555","author":"Capper","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0056","article-title":"Choroid plexus carcinomas With TP53 germline mutations: management and outcome","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"vdaa168","DOI":"10.1093\/noajnl\/vdaa168","article-title":"Outcome and molecular analysis of young children with choroid plexus carcinoma treated with non-myeloablative therapy: results from the SJYC07 trial","volume":"3","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncol. Adv."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.26.8169","article-title":"TP53 alterations determine clinical subgroups and survival of patients with choroid plexus tumors","volume":"28","author":"Tabori","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noaa267","article-title":"The genetic landscape of choroid plexus tumors in children and adults","volume":"23","author":"Thomas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1998.88.4.0757","article-title":"Diffuse craniospinal seeding from a benign fourth ventricle choroid plexus papilloma: Case report","volume":"88","author":"Leblanc","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1159\/000525746","article-title":"Rare case of pediatric disseminated choroid plexus papilloma: literature review and call for re-classification","author":"Mazur-Hart","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.5.PEDS17130","article-title":"Spinal drop metastasis from a benign fourth ventricular choroid plexus papilloma in a pediatric patient: case report","volume":"20","author":"Morshed","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Pediatr."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-007-1292-0","article-title":"Diffuse leptomeningeal seeding from benign choroid plexus papilloma","volume":"149","author":"Ortega-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir. (Wien)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-018-03781-5","article-title":"Vanishing diffuse leptomeningeal contrast enhancement in an infant with choroid plexus papilloma","volume":"161","author":"Puerta Rold\u00e1n","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir. (Wien)"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-004-1238-7","article-title":"Choroid plexus carcinomas in children: MRI features and patient outcomes","volume":"46","author":"Meyers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-021-03942-0","article-title":"Final results of the choroid plexus tumor study CPT-SIOP-2000","volume":"156","author":"Wolff","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurooncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.07.284","article-title":"Widely metastatic choroid plexus carcinoma associated with novel TP53 somatic mutation","volume":"119","author":"Baksh","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00652","article-title":"Molecular guided therapy provides sustained clinical response in refractory choroid plexus carcinoma","volume":"8","author":"Cornelius","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000147982.80732.3D","article-title":"Shunt-related abdominal metastases in a child with choroid plexus carcinoma: case report","volume":"56","author":"Donovan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23799","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid cytology in patients with ependymoma: a bi-institutional retrospective study","volume":"114","author":"Qian","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-017-2568-8","article-title":"Rethinking childhood ependymoma: a retrospective, multi-center analysis reveals poor long-term overall survival","volume":"135","author":"Marinoff","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurooncol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-009-0928-1","article-title":"The genetic and epigenetic basis of ependymoma","volume":"25","author":"Mack","year":"2009","journal-title":"Childs Nerv. Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.1167","article-title":"Gain of 1q and loss of 22 are the most common changes detected by comparative genomic hybridisation in paediatric ependymoma","volume":"32","author":"Ward","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genes Chromosomes Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.13068","article-title":"Updates in the classification of ependymal neoplasms: The 2021 WHO Classification and beyond","volume":"32","author":"Kresbach","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-006-9327-6","article-title":"Successful treatment of intracranial ependymoma with leptomeningeal spread with systemic chemotherapy and intrathecal liposomal cytarabine in a two-year-old child","volume":"83","author":"Lassaletta","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurooncol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.24659","article-title":"Definitive treatment of leptomeningeal spinal metastases in children: proton therapy in children with LSM","volume":"60","author":"Ray","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr. Blood. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2017.03.015","article-title":"Preferential sites of metastatic relapse on MRI of initially localized ependymoma in children","volume":"44","author":"Rootman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.04.002","article-title":"Intradural extramedullary ependymoma with leptomeningeal dissemination: the first case report in a child and literature review","volume":"84","author":"Severino","year":"2015","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2017.12.026","article-title":"Primary diffuse leptomeningeal atypical teratoid\/rhabdoid tumor diagnosed by cerebrospinal fluid cytology: case report with molecular genetic analysis","volume":"77","author":"Tomomasa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e921","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2018-0489","article-title":"Newly diagnosed metastatic intracranial ependymoma in children: frequency, molecular characteristics, treatment, and outcome in the prospective HIT series","volume":"24","author":"Benesch","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Oncologist"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-019-02056-2","article-title":"MYCN amplification drives an aggressive form of spinal ependymoma","volume":"138","author":"Ghasemi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. (Berl.)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-020-02169-z","article-title":"CDKN2A deletion in supratentorial ependymoma with RELA alteration indicates a dismal prognosis: a retrospective analysis of the HIT ependymoma trial cohort","volume":"140","author":"J\u00fcnger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. (Berl.)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-11-2489","volume":"18","author":"Kilday","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.01765","article-title":"Conformal radiation therapy for pediatric ependymoma, chemotherapy for incompletely resected ependymoma, and observation for completely resected, supratentorial ependymoma","volume":"37","author":"Merchant","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab034","article-title":"Ultra high-risk PFA ependymoma is characterized by loss of chromosome 6q","volume":"23","author":"Baroni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncol."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3287","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867327666200806110206","article-title":"Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG): breakthrough and clinical perspective","volume":"28","author":"Perrone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11185","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11185","article-title":"Spatial and temporal homogeneity of driver mutations in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma","volume":"7","author":"Nikbakht","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12050840","article-title":"Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: molecular landscape, evolving treatment strategies and emerging clinical trials","volume":"12","author":"Damodharan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pers. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2017.08.017","article-title":"Integrated molecular meta-analysis of 1,000 pediatric high-grade and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma","volume":"32","author":"Mackay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-015-0269-0","article-title":"Spatial genomic heterogeneity in diffuse intrinsic pontine and midline high-grade glioma: implications for diagnostic biopsy and targeted therapeutics","volume":"4","author":"Hoffman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-015-1478-0","article-title":"Histone H3F3A and HIST1H3B K27M mutations define two subgroups of diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas with different prognosis and phenotypes","volume":"130","author":"Castel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. (Berl.)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-014-1307-x","article-title":"Subventricular spread of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma","volume":"128","author":"Caretti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. (Berl.)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-019-04069-4","article-title":"Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma ventricular peritoneal shunt metastasis: a case report and literature review","volume":"35","author":"Gelder","year":"2019","journal-title":"Childs Nerv. Syst. ChNS Off. J. Int. Soc. Pediatr. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noaa140","article-title":"MR imaging features of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma and relationship to overall survival: report from the International DIPG Registry","volume":"22","author":"Leach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.05.205","article-title":"Rare diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma metastasis throughout the brain and spine","volume":"140","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.28762","article-title":"Craniospinal irradiation as a salvage treatment for metastatic relapsed DIPG","volume":"68","author":"Perez-Somarriba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr. Blood. Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-010-0301-y","article-title":"Prospective neuraxis MRI surveillance reveals a high risk of leptomeningeal dissemination in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma","volume":"102","author":"Sethi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurooncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-006-0168-6","article-title":"Leptomeninges as a site of relapse in locally controlled, diffuse pontine glioma with review of literature","volume":"23","author":"Singh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Childs Nerv. Syst."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-014-1319-6","article-title":"Histopathological spectrum of paediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: diagnostic and therapeutic implications","volume":"128","author":"Buczkowicz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. (Berl.)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-005-9029-5","article-title":"Incidence and patterns of neuraxis metastases in children with diffuse pontine glioma\u2605","volume":"77","author":"Gururangan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurooncol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0102","article-title":"Primary central nervous system germ cell tumors: a review and update","volume":"6","author":"Fetcko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Res. Arch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0103","first-page":"1","article-title":"Metastatic medulloblastoma in childhood: Chang's classification revisited","volume":"2012","author":"Dufour","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0104","article-title":"Germ cell tumors of the central nervous system: A brief review and site-specific considerations","author":"Marker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin. Diagn. Pathol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.14791\/btrt.2016.4.1.21","article-title":"A case of nongerminomatous germ cell tumor with fulminant course concomitant leptomeningeal metastasis","volume":"4","author":"Jeong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Tumor Res. Treat."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-017-1928-6","article-title":"Loco-regional extensions of central nervous system germ cell tumors: a retrospective radiological analysis of 100 patients","volume":"60","author":"Duron","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0107","first-page":"S18","article-title":"Pineal region tumors: simultaneous endoscopic third ventriculostomy and tumor biopsy","volume":"79","author":"Morgenstern","year":"2013","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-020-04892-0","article-title":"Pediatric midline H3K27M-mutant tumor with disseminated leptomeningeal disease and glioneuronal features: case report and literature review","volume":"37","author":"Navarro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Childs Nerv. Syst."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1545-1","article-title":"The 2016 world health organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system: a summary","volume":"131","author":"Louis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. (Berl.)"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A6737","article-title":"Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor of childhood","volume":"41","author":"Lakhani","year":"2020","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-012-1037-x","article-title":"Disseminated oligodendroglial-like leptomeningeal tumor of childhood: a distinctive clinicopathologic entity","volume":"124","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. (Berl.)"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8673","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-2097","article-title":"Tandem duplication producing a novel oncogenic BRAF fusion gene defines the majority of pilocytic astrocytomas","volume":"68","author":"Jones","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0112","article-title":"Molecular principles of metastasis: a hallmark of cancer revisited","volume":"5","author":"Fares","year":"2020","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210074","article-title":"Palliative cerebrospinal fluid shunting for leptomeningeal metastasis-related hydrocephalus in patients with lung adenocarcinoma: A single-center retrospective study","volume":"14","author":"Mitsuya","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"47","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.20587","article-title":"CSF cytology has limited value in the evaluation of patients with ependymoma","author":"Poltinnikov","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr. Blood. Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12061533","article-title":"Modern radiotherapy for pediatric brain tumors","volume":"12","author":"DeNunzio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.24554","article-title":"Acute toxicity of proton beam radiation for pediatric central nervous system malignancies","author":"Suneja","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr. Blood. Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0b013e3182830fd4","article-title":"Successful treatment of metastatic relapse of medulloblastoma in childhood with single session stereotactic radiosurgery: a report of 3 cases","volume":"36","author":"King","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-022-01383-4","article-title":"Phase 1 study of intraventricular 131I-omburtamab targeting B7H3 (CD276)-expressing CNS malignancies","volume":"15","author":"Kramer","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol. J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0119","first-page":"1794","article-title":"Biodistribution and Dosimetry of Intraventricularly Administered 124I-Omburtamab in Patients with Metastatic Leptomeningeal Tumors","volume":"60","author":"Pandit-Taskar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med. Off. Publ. Soc. Nucl. Med."},{"issue":"January","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iv84","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx221","article-title":"EANO-ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with leptomeningeal metastasis from solid tumours","volume":"28","author":"Le Rhun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-708X(72)90124-X","article-title":"Radioisotope technique for measuring regional organ blood flow","volume":"23","author":"Larson","year":"1972","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00689195","article-title":"Intrathecal administration of topotecan in nonhuman primates","volume":"36","author":"Blaney","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)30311-3","article-title":"Intrathecal chemotherapy: brain tissue profiles after ventriculocisternal perfusion","volume":"195","author":"Blasberg","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-015-1878-y","article-title":"Methotrexate administration directly into the fourth ventricle in children with malignant fourth ventricular brain tumors: a pilot clinical trial","volume":"125","author":"Sandberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurooncol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-018-03055-1","article-title":"Infusion of 5-Azacytidine (5-AZA) into the fourth ventricle or resection cavity in children with recurrent posterior Fossa Ependymoma: a pilot clinical trial","volume":"141","author":"Sandberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurooncol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1177\/1078155213494940","article-title":"Pilot study assessing a seven-day continuous intrathecal topotecan infusion for recurrent or progressive leptomeningeal metastatic cancer","volume":"20","author":"Tran","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Oncol. Pharm. Pract."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-012-0796-0","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of liposomal cytarabine in children with primary CNS tumours with leptomeningeal involvement","volume":"14","author":"Navajas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Oncol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-010-0419-y","article-title":"Liposomal cytarabine for central nervous system embryonal tumors in children and young adults","volume":"103","author":"Partap","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurooncol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200948040-00004","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and safety of intrathecal liposomal cytarabine in children aged <3 years","volume":"48","author":"Peyrl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0827-2","article-title":"Locoregional delivery of CAR T cells to the cerebrospinal fluid for treatment of metastatic medulloblastoma and ependymoma","volume":"26","author":"Donovan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"6382","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar6711","article-title":"CAR T cell immunotherapy for human cancer","volume":"359","author":"June","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3302932","article-title":"Human neural stem cells target and deliver therapeutic gene to experimental leptomeningeal medulloblastoma","volume":"14","author":"Shimato","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-018-2950-1","article-title":"UAB30, a novel RXR agonist, decreases tumorigenesis and leptomeningeal disease in group 3 medulloblastoma patient-derived xenografts","volume":"140","author":"Garner","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurooncol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898_bib0134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-911X(20001201)35:6<716::AID-MPO51>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Targeted radioimmunotherapy for leptomeningeal cancer using 131I-3F8","volume":"35","author":"Kramer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med. Pediatr. Oncol."}],"container-title":["Neoplasia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1476558623000234?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1476558623000234?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T13:12:56Z","timestamp":1761484376000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1476558623000234"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":134,"alternative-id":["S1476558623000234"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-5586"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-5586","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Leptomeningeal dissemination in pediatric brain tumors","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neoplasia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neo.2023.100898","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100898"}}