{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T23:38:42Z","timestamp":1793921922375,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nurse Education in Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T15:38:10Z","timestamp":1778341090000},"page":"104853","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Pre-registration nursing students\u2019 experiences with debriefing in simulation: A scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4771-7041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aseelah","family":"Alnazawi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Malone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Raleigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.profnurs.2022.05.004","article-title":"English-as-a-second-language baccalaureate prelicensure nursing students\u2019 perception of simulation experiences","volume":"41","author":"Adedokun","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Prof. Nurs."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2011.09.024","article-title":"Identifying best practice guidelines for debriefing in surgery: a tri-continental study","volume":"203","author":"Ahmed","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-025-04031-7","article-title":"The effectiveness of culturally focused simulation-based education on empathy development among Saudi nursing students: A quasi-experimental study","volume":"24","author":"Almutairi","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Nurs."},{"issue":"S10","key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib4","first-page":"1070","article-title":"Psychological safety in simulation","volume":"6","author":"Alnazawi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Health Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecns.2026.101905","article-title":"Determinants of psychological safety in simulation-based learning among health professions students: A cross-sectional study","volume":"112","author":"Alsenany","year":"2026","journal-title":"Clin. Simul. Nurs."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1097\/SIH.0000000000000673","article-title":"The perceptions and experiences of undergraduate healthcare students with debriefing methods: A systematized review","volume":"18","author":"Arabi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Simul. Healthc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616","article-title":"Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework","volume":"8","author":"Arksey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Res. Methodol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000055","article-title":"Summarizing systematic reviews: Methodological development, conduct and reporting of an umbrella review approach","volume":"13","author":"Aromataris","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Evid. -Based Healthc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2024.106183","article-title":"Contextual determinants impacting final-year nursing students\u2019 emergency team communication during deteriorating patient simulations: A grounded theory study","author":"Bourke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nurse Educ. Today"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology","volume":"3","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qual. Res. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib11","series-title":"Grey matters: A practical tool for searching health-related grey literature","author":"Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2017.08.012","article-title":"The value of simulation-based learning in pre-licensure nurse education: A state-of-the-art review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Cant","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nurse Educ. Pract."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1097\/SIH.0000000000000398","article-title":"A conceptual framework for the development of debriefing skills: A journey of discovery, growth, and maturity","volume":"15","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Simulation in Healthcare"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1097\/SIH.0000000000000090","article-title":"Faculty Development for Simulation Programs: Five Issues for the Future of Debriefing Training","volume":"10","author":"Cheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Simul. Healthc. J. Soc. Simul. Healthc."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.3102\/0034654320933544","article-title":"Simulation-based learning in higher education: A meta-analysis","volume":"90","author":"Chernikova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Educ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecns.2023.101469","article-title":"Reducing nurse anesthesia student anxiety by aligning a university-based simulation program with best practices: A quality improvement project","volume":"85","author":"Cole","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Simul. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib17","series-title":"CASP checklists","author":"Critical Appraisal Skills Programme UK","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecns.2025.101775","article-title":"Healthcare Simulation Standards of Best Practice\u00ae: The Debriefing Process","volume":"105","author":"Decker","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clinical Simulation in Nursing"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecns.2015.01.005","article-title":"Getting started with Debriefing for Meaningful Learning","volume":"11","author":"Dreifuerst","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Simul. Nurs."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.2307\/2666999","article-title":"Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams","volume":"44","author":"Edmondson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Adm. Sci. Q."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1097\/SIH.0000000000000072","article-title":"Promoting Excellence and Reflective Learning in Simulation (PEARLS): Development and rationale for a blended approach to health care simulation debriefing","volume":"10","author":"Eppich","year":"2015","journal-title":"Simul. Healthc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-025-03067-z","article-title":"The expository phase of debriefing in clinical simulation: A qualitative study","volume":"24","author":"Fenzi","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2020.104373","article-title":"Into the black box of learning in simulation debriefing","volume":"88","author":"Frandsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nurse Educ. Today"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-015-0125-0","article-title":"Applying systematic review search methods to the grey literature: A case study examining guidelines for school-based breakfast programs in Canada","volume":"4","author":"Godin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1080\/0142159X.2018.1468558","article-title":"Difficult debriefing situations: A toolbox for simulation educators","volume":"40","author":"Grant","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Teach."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2025.106786","article-title":"Exploring the meaning of psychological harm experienced by undergraduate nursing students in simulation: A hermeneutic study","volume":"153","author":"Harvey","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nurse Educ. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecns.2022.09.003","article-title":"PEARLS debriefing compared to standard debriefing effects on nursing students\u2019 professional competence and clinical judgment: A quasi-experimental study","volume":"74","author":"Hoegh-Larsen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Simul. Nurs."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/SIH.0000000000000541","article-title":"Debriefing for simulation-based medical education: A survey from the international network of simulation-based pediatric innovation, research and education","volume":"17","author":"Ing","year":"2022","journal-title":"Simul. Healthc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Healthcare simulation standards of best practice\u2122","volume":"58","author":"International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Simul. Nurs."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/tct.12300","article-title":"\u2018The Diamond\u2019: A structure for simulation debrief","volume":"12","author":"Jaye","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Teach."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib31","series-title":"Simulation in nursing education: From conceptualization to evaluation","author":"Jeffries","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib32","unstructured":"Joanna Briggs Institute, 2021. JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. JBI, Adelaide. Available at: https:\/\/synthesismanual.jbi.global."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib33","series-title":"Qualitative research methods in mental health and psychotherapy: A guide for students and practitioners","article-title":"Thematic analysis","author":"Joffe","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2019.104235","article-title":"Male nursing students\u2019 experiences of simulation used to replace maternal-child clinical learning in Qatar","volume":"84","author":"Kennedy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nurse Educ. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib35","article-title":"Factors affecting nursing students\u2019 reflective thinking during simulation debriefing","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nurse Educ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecns.2024.101523","article-title":"Psychological safety in simulation and psychological intrinsic factors among Korean undergraduate nursing students: A cross-sectional study","volume":"89","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Simul. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-025-03660-2","article-title":"Key informants\u2019 perspectives on simulation-based learning experiences: A qualitative study","volume":"24","author":"Kingston","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Nurs."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjstel-2019-000470","article-title":"Managing psychological safety in debriefings: A dynamic balancing act","volume":"6","author":"Kolbe","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Simul. & Technol. Enhanc. Learn."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.4103\/JETS.JETS_96_19","article-title":"Maximizing learning and creativity: Understanding psychological safety in simulation-based learning","volume":"13","author":"Lateef","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Emergencies Trauma Shock"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2020.104345","article-title":"Debriefing methods and learning outcomes in simulation nursing education: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"87","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nurse Educ. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-5-69","article-title":"Scoping studies: advancing the methodology","volume":"5","author":"Levac","year":"2010","journal-title":"Implementation Science"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1511","DOI":"10.3109\/0142159X.2013.818632","article-title":"Simulation in healthcare education: A best evidence practical guide","volume":"35","author":"Motola","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Teach."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-025-07436-9","article-title":"Exploring male nursing students\u2019 experiences and perspectives in a maternal-newborn clinical course using high-fidelity simulation: A qualitative study","volume":"25","author":"Murad","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Med. Educ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2021.105113","article-title":"Effectiveness of simulation debriefing methods in nursing education: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"107","author":"Niu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nurse Educ. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib45","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cultural considerations in debriefing","volume":"54","author":"Palaganas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Simul. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2021.103163","article-title":"Nursing students\u2019 experiences of psychological safety in simulation education: A qualitative study","volume":"55","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nurse Educ. Pract."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000277","article-title":"Updated methodological guidance for the conduct of scoping reviews","volume":"19","author":"Peters","year":"2021","journal-title":"JBI Evid. Implement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib48","series-title":"Analyzing Qualitative Data","first-page":"173","article-title":"Qualitative data analysis for applied policy research","author":"Ritchie","year":"1994"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colegn.2020.06.007","article-title":"Nursing students\u2019 perceptions of simulation design features and learning outcomes: The mediating effect of psychological safety","volume":"28","author":"Roh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Collegian"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E109","DOI":"10.1097\/NNE.0000000000001179","article-title":"Gender differences in psychological safety, academic safety, cognitive load and debriefing satisfaction in simulation-based learning","volume":"47","author":"Roh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nurse Educ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1097\/01266021-200600110-00006","article-title":"There\u2019s no such thing as \u201cnonjudgmental\u201d debriefing: A theory and method for debriefing with good judgment","volume":"1","author":"Rudolph","year":"2006","journal-title":"Simul. Healthc."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1097\/SIH.0b013e31829ac85c","article-title":"Adaptation of the US Army's After-Action Review for simulation debriefing in healthcare","volume":"8","author":"Sawyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Simul. Healthc. J. Soc. Simul. Healthc."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1097\/SIH.0000000000000148","article-title":"More than one way to debrief: A critical review of healthcare simulation debriefing methods","volume":"11","author":"Sawyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Simul. Healthc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2014.09.009","article-title":"Effectiveness of patient simulation in nursing education: meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Shin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nurse Educ. Today"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.4997\/jrcpe.2019.112","article-title":"Simulation in medical education","volume":"49","author":"So","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. R. Coll. Physicians Edinb."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecns.2020.06.010","article-title":"Psychological safety in simulation: Prelicensure nursing students\u2019 perceptions","volume":"47","author":"Stephen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Simul. Nurs."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1177\/1046878120903467","article-title":"Exploration of two different structures for debriefing in simulation: The influence of the structure on the facilitator role","volume":"51","author":"Tosterud","year":"2020","journal-title":"Simul. & Gaming"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation","volume":"169","author":"Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2023.105712","article-title":"Psychological safety in simulation: Perspectives of nursing students and faculty","volume":"122","author":"Turner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nurse Educ. Today"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1080\/02602938.2023.2184462","article-title":"Perceptions and learning experiences of nursing students receiving peer video and peer verbal feedback: a qualitative study","volume":"48","author":"Yoong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Assess. & Eval. High. Educ."}],"container-title":["Nurse Education in Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1471595326001551?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1471595326001551?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T10:21:34Z","timestamp":1788949294000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1471595326001551"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":60,"alternative-id":["S1471595326001551"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-5953"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-5953","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pre-registration nursing students\u2019 experiences with debriefing in simulation: A scoping review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Nurse Education in Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nepr.2026.104853","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104853"}}