{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:10:01Z","timestamp":1791875401753,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,29]],"date-time":"2006-08-29T12:21:22Z","timestamp":1156854082000},"page":"254-260","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Novel approaches to the diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Daniela L.","family":"Caprara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Nash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Greenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Rovet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gideon","family":"Koren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib1","volume":"Vol. III","author":"Abel","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib2","series-title":"Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: From Mechanism to Prevention","author":"Abel","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/47.12.2114","article-title":"Fatty acid ethyl esters in hair as markers of alcohol consumption. Segmental hair analysis of alcoholics, social drinkers, and teetotalers","volume":"47","author":"Auwarter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib4","series-title":"Fetal alcohol Syndrome: Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199205000-00017","article-title":"Fetal alcohol syndrome and fatty acid ethyl esters","volume":"31","author":"Bearer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatric Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04142.x","article-title":"Ethyl linoleate in meconium: a biomarker for prenatal ethanol exposure","volume":"23","author":"Bearer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1067\/S0022-3476(03)00442-6","article-title":"Validation of a new biomarker of fetal exposure to alcohol","volume":"143","author":"Bearer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202","DOI":"10.2741\/931","article-title":"Fatty acid ethyl esters: toxic non-oxidative metabolites of ethanol and markers of ethanol intake","volume":"8","author":"Best","year":"2003","journal-title":"Frontiers in Bioscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.2.166","article-title":"Alcohol screening questionnaires in women: a critical review","volume":"280","author":"Bradley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib10","first-page":"197","article-title":"Fetal alcohol syndrome: how you can prevent it","volume":"98","author":"Bratton","year":"1995","journal-title":"Post Graduate Medical Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1203\/01.pdr.0000185201.83801.ed","article-title":"A guinea pig model for the identification of in utero alcohol exposure using fatty acid ethyl esters in neonatal hair","volume":"58","author":"Caprara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatric Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ftd.0000179420.48208.d2","article-title":"Baseline measures of fatty acid ethyl esters in hair of neonates born to abstaining or mild social drinking mothers","volume":"27","author":"Caprara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Therapeutic Drug Monitoring"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib13","first-page":"39","article-title":"Diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: fatty acid ethyl esters and neonatal hair analysis","volume":"42","author":"Caprara","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annali dell\u2019Istituto superiore di sanita"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib14","first-page":"40A","article-title":"The Stability of Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters in Human Hair: Measurements of Alcohol Exposure in the Hair of South American and Egyptian Mummies","volume":"28","author":"Caprara","year":"2004","journal-title":"Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-200306000-00004","article-title":"Population baseline of meconium fatty acid ethyl esters among infants of nondrinking women in Jerusalem and Toronto","volume":"25","author":"Chan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Therapeutic Drug Monitoring"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2004.01.010","article-title":"Recent developments in meconium and hair testing methods for the confirmation of gestational exposures to alcohol and tobacco smoke","volume":"37","author":"Chan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clinical Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-200410000-00003","article-title":"Fetal exposure to alcohol as evidenced by fatty acid ethyl esters in meconium in the absence of maternal drinking history in pregnancy","volume":"26","author":"Chan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Therapeutic Drug Monitoring"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.104.066597","article-title":"Placental handling of fatty acid ethyl esters: perfusion and subcellular studies","volume":"310","author":"Chan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.1040302","article-title":"Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: Canadian guidelines for diagnosis","volume":"172","author":"Chudley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9120(02)00424-1","article-title":"Biochemical markers of alcohol use in pregnant women","volume":"36","author":"Cook","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clinical Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02357.x","article-title":"Screening for high- and moderate-risk drinking during pregnancy: a comparison of several TWEAK-based screeners","volume":"25","author":"Dawson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.271.8.621","article-title":"Hair concentrations of nicotine and cotinine in women and their newborn infants","volume":"271","author":"Eliopoulos","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib24","first-page":"404","article-title":"Detection of alcohol and drug problems in an urban gynecology clinic","volume":"47","author":"Gupman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Reproductive Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-199912000-00011","article-title":"Fatty acid ethyl esters: a novel biologic marker for heavy in utero ethanol exposure: a case report","volume":"21","author":"Klein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Therapeutic Drug Monitoring"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200212193472523","article-title":"Neonatal hair analysis as a biomarker for in utero alcohol exposure","volume":"347","author":"Klein","year":"2002","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-3278(99)80005-2","article-title":"Fatty acid ethyl esters: current facts and speculations","volume":"60","author":"Laposata","year":"1999","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib28","first-page":"762","article-title":"Fatty acid ethyl esters in adipose tissue. A laboratory marker for alcohol-related death","volume":"113","author":"Laposata","year":"1989","journal-title":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib29","first-page":"238A","article-title":"A marker of Fetal Exposure to Alcohol by Meconium Analysis","volume":"35","author":"Mac","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pediatric Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(01)00628-3","article-title":"Fatty acid ethyl esters in meconium: biomarkers for the detection of alcohol exposure in neonates","volume":"312","author":"Moore","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clinica Chimica Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1373\/49.1.133","article-title":"Prevalence of fatty acid ethyl esters in meconium specimens","volume":"49","author":"Moore","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-9380(99)80046-2","article-title":"Testing for exposure to illicit drugs and other agents in the neonate: a review of laboratory methods and the role of meconium analysis","volume":"29","author":"Ostrea","year":"1999","journal-title":"Current Problems in Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-8329(89)90032-3","article-title":"An attempt to evaluate diagnostic and prognostic significance of blood endogenous ethanol in alcoholics and their relatives","volume":"6","author":"Ostrovsky","year":"1989","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(01)00456-X","article-title":"Analysis of fatty acid ethyl esters in hair as possible markers of chronically elevated alcohol consumption by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)","volume":"121","author":"Pragst","year":"2001","journal-title":"Forensic Science International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/48.1.77","article-title":"Liver and adipose tissue fatty acid ethyl esters obtained at autopsy are postmortem markers for premortem ethanol intake","volume":"48","author":"Refaai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib36","series-title":"Chemical and Physical Behavior of Human Hair","author":"Robbins","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1994.tb00097.x","article-title":"Screening for pregnancy risk-drinking","volume":"18","author":"Russell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.86.10.1435","article-title":"Detecting risk drinking during pregnancy: a comparison of four screening questionnaires","volume":"86","author":"Russell","year":"1996","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1177\/0884217503255086","article-title":"Current screening instruments related to alcohol consumption in pregnancy and a proposed alternative method","volume":"32","author":"Savage","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Neonatal Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib40","series-title":"Measuring Alcohol Consumption: Psychosocial and Biochemical Method","article-title":"Timeline follow-back: a technique for assessing self-reported alcohol consumption","author":"Sobell","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1988.tb00485.x","article-title":"Reliability of a timeline method: assessing normal drinkers\u2019 reports of recent drinking and a comparative evaluation across several populations","volume":"83","author":"Sobell","year":"1988","journal-title":"British Journal of Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2996","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.22.2996","article-title":"Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder","volume":"290","author":"Sokol","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-200408000-00002","article-title":"Risk factors for adverse life outcomes in fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol effects","volume":"25","author":"Streissguth","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1159\/000244504","article-title":"Clinical utilization of the neonatal hair test for cocaine: a four-year experience in Toronto","volume":"72","author":"Ursitti","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biologia Neonatorum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib46","series-title":"Tenth Special Report to the US Congress on Alcohol and Health: Highlights from Current Research","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agh005","article-title":"Concentration of fatty acid ethyl esters in hair of alcoholics: comparison to other biological state markers and self reported-ethanol intake","volume":"39","author":"Wurst","year":"2004","journal-title":"Alcohol and Alcoholism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_fur15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1993.tb05226.x","article-title":"Use of the TWEAK test in screening for alcoholism\/heavy drinking in three populations","volume":"17","author":"Chan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015_fur42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(89)90302-5","article-title":"The T-ACE questions: practical prenatal detection of risk-drinking","volume":"160","author":"Sokol","year":"1989","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"}],"container-title":["Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0149763406000595?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0149763406000595?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,18]],"date-time":"2020-04-18T02:30:30Z","timestamp":1587177030000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0149763406000595"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0149763406000595"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-7634"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-7634","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]}}}