{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:20:08Z","timestamp":1791361208852,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuroscience &amp; Biobehavioral Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,22]],"date-time":"2014-03-22T05:07:14Z","timestamp":1395464834000},"page":"397-406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":125,"special_numbering":"P3","title":["Serotonin in anxiety and panic: Contributions of the elevated T-maze"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"46","author":[{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"H\u00e9lio","family":"Zangrossi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederico G.","family":"Graeff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2008.10.010","article-title":"Current status of inverse agonism at serotonin2A (5-HT2A) and 5-HT2C receptors","volume":"121","author":"Aloyo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(98)00960-3","article-title":"Escapable and inescapable stress differentially alter extracellular levels of 5-HT in the basolateral amygdala of the rat","volume":"812","author":"Amat","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2003.10.036","article-title":"Anxiolytic-like effects of median raphe nucleus lesion in the elevated T-maze","volume":"153","author":"Andrade","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901790311","article-title":"An autoradiographic analysis of the differential ascending projections of the dorsal and median raphe nuclei in the rat","volume":"179","author":"Azmitia","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145701002632","article-title":"Anxiety-like effects induced by acute fluoxetine, sertraline or m-CPP treatment are reversed by pretreatment with the 5-HT2C receptor antagonist SB-242084 but not the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY-100635","volume":"4","author":"Bagdy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145705005201","article-title":"Evidence-based pharmacotherapy of panic disorder","volume":"8","author":"Bakker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00744.2003","article-title":"Median and dorsal raphe neurons are not electrophysiologically identical","volume":"91","author":"Beck","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-6618(03)00097-5","article-title":"Effects of Hypericum perforatum and paroxetine on rat performance in the elevated T-maze","volume":"48","author":"Beijamini","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2011.08.067","article-title":"Assessment of anxiolytic and panicolytic effects of dichloromethane fraction from stems of Kielmeyera coriacea","volume":"19","author":"Biesdorf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7036.100.2.101","article-title":"Defensive reactions of laboratory and wild Rattus norvegicus","volume":"100","author":"Blanchard","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10192.x","article-title":"Role of somatodendritic 5-HT autoreceptors in modulating 5-HT neurotransmission","volume":"861","author":"Blier","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2003.08.001","article-title":"Cotransmission","volume":"4","author":"Burnstock","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(01)00480-4","article-title":"Nitric oxide may underlie learned fear in the elevated T-maze","volume":"55","author":"Calixto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.04.008","article-title":"Raphe serotonin neurons are not homogenous: electrophysiological, morphological and neurochemical evidence","volume":"61","author":"Calizo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.09.011","article-title":"5-Hydroxytryptamine 2C receptors in the basolateral amygdala are involved in the expression of anxiety after uncontrollable traumatic stress","volume":"67","author":"Christianson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21073","article-title":"Quantitative mapping of tryptophan hydroxylase-2, 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, and serotonin transporter expression across the anteroposterior axis of the rat dorsal and median raphe nuclei","volume":"498","author":"Clark","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.15.030192.002033","article-title":"The role of the amygdala in fear and anxiety","volume":"15","author":"Davis","year":"1992","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-0189-y","article-title":"Effects of fluoxetine and buspirone on the panicolytic-like response induced by the activation of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors in the rat dorsal periaqueductal gray","volume":"183","author":"de Bortoli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-008-1134-7","article-title":"Alprazolam potentiates the antiaversive effect induced by the activation of 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT (2A) receptors in the rat dorsal periaqueductal gray","volume":"198","author":"de Bortoli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-0108-2","article-title":"Behavioral effects of systemically administered MK-212 are prevented by ritanserin microinfusion into the basolateral amygdala of rats exposed to the elevated plus-maze","volume":"182","author":"de Mello Cruz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2004.06.007","article-title":"Involvement of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 receptors of the dorsal periaqueductal gray in the regulation of the defensive behaviors generated by the elevated T-maze","volume":"64","author":"de Paula Soares","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1177\/026988119100500414","article-title":"5-HT and mechanisms of defence","volume":"5","author":"Deakin","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol. (Oxf.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(01)00312-2","article-title":"Do panic patients process unconditioned fear vs. conditioned anxiety differently than normal subjects?","volume":"104","author":"Del-Ben","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902070305","article-title":"The serotonin neurons in nucleus raphe dorsalis of adult rat: a light and electron microscope radioautographic study","volume":"207","author":"Descarries","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2012.10.024","article-title":"Effects of chronic treatment with corticosterone and imipramine on fos immunoreactivity and adult hippocampal neurogenesis","volume":"238","author":"Diniz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2006.08.015","article-title":"Reversible inactivation of the dorsal raphe nucleus blocked the antipanic-like effect of chronic imipramine in the elevated T-maze","volume":"407","author":"Dombrowski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-004-2120-3","article-title":"Serotonergic neurons in the median raphe nucleus regulate inhibitory avoidance but not escape behavior in the rat elevated T-maze test of anxiety","volume":"179","author":"dos Santos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.07.007","article-title":"5-HT1A receptors in the dorsal hippocampus mediate the anxiogenic effect induced by the stimulation of 5-HT neurons in the median raphe nucleus","volume":"18","author":"dos Santos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.81.4.1469","article-title":"In vivo assessment of the midbrain raphe nuclear regulation of serotonin release in the hamster suprachiasmatic nucleus","volume":"81","author":"Dudley","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2007.09.007","article-title":"Modulation of anxiety in rats evaluated in the elevated T-maze: evidence of the relationship between substance P and diazepam","volume":"187","author":"Duzzioni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0155","series-title":"Evolution and Learning","first-page":"185","article-title":"A functional behavioristic approach to aversively motivated behavior: predatory imminence as a determinant of the topography of defensive behavior","author":"Fanselow","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07077.x","article-title":"The amygdala, fear, and memory","volume":"985","author":"Fanselow","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(01)00665-7","article-title":"Effects of acute and chronic treatment with Hypericum perforatum L. (LI 160) on different anxiety-related responses in rats","volume":"71","author":"Flausino","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2007.04.012","article-title":"Altered anxiety-related behavior in nociceptin\/orphanin FQ receptor gene knockout mice","volume":"28","author":"Gavioli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2013.05.013","article-title":"Effects of compounds that interfere with the endocannabinoid system on behaviors predictive of anxiolytic and panicolytic activities in the elevated T-maze","volume":"110","author":"Gobira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1385\/NMM:5:1:027","article-title":"The serotonergic system and anxiety","volume":"5","author":"Gordon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuromol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0185","series-title":"New Concepts in Anxiety","first-page":"288","article-title":"Neurotransmitters in the dorsal periaqueductal gray and animal models of panic anxiety","author":"Graeff","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0190","first-page":"67","article-title":"The elevated T maze, a new experimental model of anxiety and memory: effect of diazepam","volume":"26","author":"Graeff","year":"1993","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(95)02135-3","article-title":"Role of 5-HT in stress, anxiety and depression","volume":"54","author":"Graeff","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(98)00024-4","article-title":"The elevated T-maze as an experimental model of anxiety","volume":"23","author":"Graeff","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-002-1112-4","article-title":"On serotonin and experimental anxiety","volume":"163","author":"Graeff","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2012007500036","article-title":"New perspective on the pathophysiology of panic: merging serotonin and opioids in the periaqueductal gray","volume":"45","author":"Graeff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-008-1167-y","article-title":"Anxiety-like behaviors produced by acute fluoxetine administration in male Fischer 344 rats are prevented by prior exercise","volume":"199","author":"Greenwood","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4075","article-title":"50 years of hurdles and hope in anxiolytic drug discovery","volume":"12","author":"Griebel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300489","article-title":"Electrophysiological evidence for the tonic activation of 5-HT(1A) autoreceptors in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus","volume":"29","author":"Haddjeri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00170162","article-title":"Inhibition of median and dorsal raphe neurones following administration of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine","volume":"351","author":"Haj\u00f3s","year":"1995","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-010-2089-z","article-title":"Functional topography of midbrain and pontine serotonergic systems: implications for synaptic regulation of serotonergic circuits","volume":"213","author":"Hale","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00504983","article-title":"Effects of alpha-adrenoceptor agonists in a maze-exploration model of \u201cfear\u201d-motivated behaviour","volume":"327","author":"Handley","year":"1984","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(93)90104-X","article-title":"Multiple serotonin mechanisms in animal models of anxiety: environmental, emotional and cognitive factors","volume":"58","author":"Handley","year":"1993","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2012007500021","article-title":"Anxiolytic effects of repeated treatment with an essential oil from Lippia alba and (R)-(\u2212)-carvone in the elevated T-maze","volume":"45","author":"Hatano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(02)02482-7","article-title":"Regulation of 5-HT1A receptor function in brain following agonist or antidepressant administration","volume":"72","author":"Hensler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902430307","article-title":"The organization of divergent axonal projections from the midbrain raphe nuclei in the rat","volume":"243","author":"Imai","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(01)00785-7","article-title":"Chronic imipramine enhances 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2) receptors-mediated inhibition of panic-like behavior in the rat dorsal periaqueductal gray","volume":"72","author":"Jacob","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1296.006","article-title":"A functional subset of serotonergic neurons in the rat ventrolateral periaqueductal gray implicated in the inhibition of sympathoexcitation and panic","volume":"1018","author":"Johnson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881107082900","article-title":"Disruption of GABAergic tone in the dorsomedial hypothalamus attenuates responses in a subset of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus following lactate-induced panic","volume":"22","author":"Johnson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol. (Oxf.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-977X(01)00100-6","article-title":"Panic disorder: the place of benzodiazepines and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors","volume":"11","author":"Kasper","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(02)00584-5","article-title":"Distinguishing characteristics of serotonina and non-serotonin-containing cells in the dorsal raphe nucleus: electrophysiological and immunohistochemical studies","volume":"116","author":"Kirby","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(82)90054-9","article-title":"Identification of serotonin and non-serotonin-containing neurons of the mid-brain raphe projecting to the entorhinal area and the hippocampal formation. A combined immunohistochemical and fluorescent retrograde tracing study in the rat brain","volume":"7","author":"Kohler","year":"1982","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.890010204","article-title":"The serotoninergic innervation of cerebral cortex: different classes of axon terminals arise from dorsal and median raphe nuclei","volume":"1","author":"Kosofsky","year":"1987","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)38872-5","article-title":"Differential regulation of serotonin (5-HT) release in the striatum and hippocampus by 5-HT1A autoreceptors of the dorsal and median raphe nuclei","volume":"269","author":"Kreiss","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1080\/10253890500492787","article-title":"Modulation of anxiety circuits by serotonergic systems","volume":"8","author":"Lowry","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.03.047","article-title":"Topographical distribution of corticotropin-releasing factor type 2 receptor-like immunoreactivity in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus: co-localization with tryptophan hydroxylase","volume":"183","author":"Lukkes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(91)90499-J","article-title":"Serotonergic projections from the nucleus raphe dorsalis to the amygdala in the rat","volume":"134","author":"Ma","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2007.01.002","article-title":"The dorsal raphe nucleus \u2013 from silver stainings to a role in depression","volume":"55","author":"Michelsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(03)00087-X","article-title":"The neurobiology and control of anxious states","volume":"70","author":"Millan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.2515\/therapie:2005065","article-title":"Serotonin 5-HT2C receptors as a target for the treatment of depressive and anxious states: focus on novel therapeutic strategies","volume":"60","author":"Millan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Therapie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2010.06932.x","article-title":"5-HT2C receptor activation prevents stress-induced enhancement of brain 5-HT turnover and extracellular levels in the mouse brain: modulation by chronic paroxetine treatment","volume":"115","author":"Mongeau","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1037\/h0043788","article-title":"The relation between fear induced by novel stimulation and exploratory behaviour","volume":"48","author":"Montgomery","year":"1955","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901800302","article-title":"Serotonin neurons of the midbrain raphe: ascending projections","volume":"180","author":"Moore","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e31822d0012","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of alprazolam versus other benzodiazepines in the treatment of panic disorder","volume":"31","author":"Moylan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.9.1423","article-title":"Timing of onset of antidepressant response with fluoxetine treatment","volume":"157","author":"Nierenberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(94)00402-5","article-title":"Role of 5-HT receptor subtypes in the modulation of dorsal periaqueductal gray generated aversion","volume":"52","author":"Nogueira","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1984.01790140077009","article-title":"Diazepam and propranolol in panic disorder and agoraphobia","volume":"41","author":"Noyes","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2002000400011","article-title":"Effect of acute treatment with a water-alcohol extract of Erythrina mulungu on anxiety-related responses in rats","volume":"35","author":"Onusic","year":"2002","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.26.1538","article-title":"Effects of chronic treatment with a water-alcohol extract from Erythrina mulungu on anxiety-related responses in rats","volume":"26","author":"Onusic","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2003.08.040","article-title":"Neuroanatomical and neuropharmacological study of opioid pathways in the mesencephalic tectum: effect of \u03bc1- and \u03ba-opioid receptor blockade on escape behavior induced by electrical stimulation of the inferior colliculus","volume":"992","author":"Osaki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0389-0","article-title":"Reduction in repeated ethanol-withdrawal-induced anxiety-like behavior by site-selective injections of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2C ligands","volume":"187","author":"Overstreet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881113490328","article-title":"Functional topography of serotonergic systems supports the Deakin\/Graeff hypothesis of anxiety and affective disorders","volume":"27","author":"Paul","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol. (Oxf.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(85)90031-7","article-title":"Validation of open-closed arm entries in an elevated plus-maze as a measure of anxiety in the rat","volume":"14","author":"Pellow","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1590\/S0001-37652007000100010","article-title":"Elevated mazes as animal models of anxiety: effects of serotonergic agents","volume":"79","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881107079866","article-title":"Anxiolytic and panicolytic effects of escitalopram in the elevated T-maze","volume":"22","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-0196-z","article-title":"5-HT 1A and 5-HT 2A receptors in the rat dorsal periaqueductal gray mediate the antipanic-like effect induced by the stimulation of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus","volume":"183","author":"Pobbe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(03)00151-7","article-title":"Antipanic-like effect of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the elevated T-maze","volume":"147","author":"Poltronieri","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2007.07.029","article-title":"Panic, suffocation false alarms, separation anxiety and endogenous opioids","volume":"32","author":"Preter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsycho-pharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291710000838","article-title":"Controlled cross-over study in normal subjects of naloxone-preceding-lactate infusions; respiratory and subjective responses: relationship to endogenous opioid system, suffocation false alarm theory and childhood parental loss","volume":"41","author":"Preter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3531","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2012.08265.x","article-title":"Anxiolytic- and panicolytic-like effects of neuropeptide S in the mouse elevated T-maze","volume":"36","author":"Pulga","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2006000200013","article-title":"Effect of Erythrina velutina and Erythrina mulungu in rats submitted to animal models of anxiety and depression","volume":"39","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2006","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-03-00970.2003","article-title":"Circuitry underlying regulation of the serotonergic system by swim stress","volume":"23","author":"Roche","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1250315","article-title":"Anxiolytic effects of a semipurified constituent of guarana seeds on rats in the elevated T-maze test","volume":"77","author":"Roncon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881111434619","article-title":"The panicolytic-like effect of fluoxetine in the elevated T-maze is mediated by serotonin-induced activation of endogenous opioids in the dorsal periaqueductal grey","volume":"26","author":"Roncon","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881113485144","article-title":"Cooperative regulation of anxiety and panic-related defensive behaviors in the rat periaqueductal grey matter by 5-HT1A and \u03bc-receptors","volume":"27","author":"Roncon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199004000-00007","article-title":"Fluoxetine in panic disorder","volume":"10","author":"Schneier","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00428199","article-title":"Anti-aversive role of serotonin in the dorsal periaqueductal grey matter","volume":"85","author":"Schutz","year":"1985","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2010.08.009","article-title":"Pindolol potentiates the panicolytic effect of paroxetine in the elevated T-maze","volume":"87","author":"Sela","year":"2010","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199002000-00002","article-title":"Is buspirone effective for panic disorder?","volume":"10","author":"Sheehan","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(02)00399-6","article-title":"The dorsal raphe nucleus exerts opposed control on generalized anxiety and panic-related defensive responses in rats","volume":"142","author":"Sena","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.048371","article-title":"Antidepressant-induced jitteriness\/anxiety syndrome: systematic review","volume":"194","author":"Sinclair","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.09.061","article-title":"Differential involvement of dorsal raphe subnuclei in the regulation of anxiety- and panic-related defensive behaviors","volume":"227","author":"Spiacci","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(97)00464-3","article-title":"Projections from dorsal raphe nucleus to the periaqueductal grey matter: studies in slices of rat midbrain maintained in vitro","volume":"230","author":"Stezhka","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2013.03.005","article-title":"Activation of 5-HT1A receptors in the rat basolateral amygdala induces both anxiolytic and antipanic-like effects","volume":"246","author":"Strauss","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(99)00261-0","article-title":"Behavioral effects of acute and chronic imipramine in the elevated T-maze model of anxiety","volume":"65","author":"Teixeira","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(93)90492-C","article-title":"Anxiogenic stimuli in the elevated plus-maze","volume":"44","author":"Treit","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(85)90142-X","article-title":"Identification of dopamine-containing cell bodies in the dorsal and median raphe nuclei of the rat brain using tyrosine hydroxylase immunochemistry","volume":"15","author":"Trulson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03262278","article-title":"Treatment of chronic pain in older people: evidence-based choice of strong-acting opioids","volume":"29","author":"Van Ojik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903130409","article-title":"A PHA-L analysis of ascending projections of the dorsal raphe nucleus in the rat","volume":"313","author":"Vertes","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(94)90067-1","article-title":"The elevated T-maze: a new animal model of anxiety and memory","volume":"49","author":"Viana","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(96)00451-0","article-title":"Kainate microinjection into the dorsal raphe nucleus induces 5-HT release in the amygdala and periaqueductal gray","volume":"58","author":"Viana","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.09.003","article-title":"Involvement of median raphe nucleus 5-HT1A receptors in the regulation of generalized anxiety-related defensive behaviours in rats","volume":"445","author":"Vicente","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145711000873","article-title":"Serotonin-2C receptors in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala mediate the anxiogenic effect of acute imipramine and fluoxetine administration","volume":"15","author":"Vicente","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2013.11.007","article-title":"Involvement of 5-HT2C and 5-HT1A receptors of the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala in the anxiolytic effect of chronic antidepressant treatment","volume":"79","author":"Vicente","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2010.09.001","article-title":"5-HT2C receptor regulation of defensive responses in the rat dorsal periaqueductal gray","volume":"60","author":"Yamashita","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.05.003","article-title":"Chronic treatment with fluvoxamine desensitizes 5-HT2C receptor-mediated hypolocomotion in rats","volume":"78","author":"Yamauchi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(96)00381-4","article-title":"Behavioral validation of the elevated T-maze, a new animal model of anxiety","volume":"44","author":"Zangrossi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(03)01970-8","article-title":"Serotonin in the dorsal periaqueductal gray modulates inhibitory avoidance and one-way escape behaviors in the elevated T-maze","volume":"473","author":"Zanoveli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1097\/01.fbp.0000179280.05654.5a","article-title":"Chronic imipramine treatment sensitizes 5-HT1A and 5-HT 2A receptors in the dorsal periaqueductal gray matter: evidence from the elevated T-maze test of anxiety","volume":"16","author":"Zanoveli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behav. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2007.01.001","article-title":"Enhanced reactivity of 5-HT1A receptors in the rat dorsal periaqueductal gray matter after chronic treatment with fluoxetine and sertraline: evidence from the elevated T-maze","volume":"52","author":"Zanoveli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1017\/S146114570999099X","article-title":"Facilitation of 5-HT1A-mediated neurotransmission in dorsal periaqueductal grey matter accounts for the panicolytic-like effect of chronic fluoxetine","volume":"13","author":"Zanoveli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007_bib0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1988.01800260081011","article-title":"Serotonergic responsivity in obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder. Effects of chronic clomipramine treat","volume":"45","author":"Zohar","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Neuroscience &amp; Biobehavioral Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0149763414000608?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0149763414000608?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T03:59:37Z","timestamp":1746158377000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0149763414000608"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"references-count":118,"alternative-id":["S0149763414000608"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-7634"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-7634","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Serotonin in anxiety and panic: Contributions of the elevated T-maze","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}