{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T16:11:17Z","timestamp":1784650277712,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]],"date-time":"2023-01-28T00:12:49Z","timestamp":1674864769000},"page":"105065","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Myokines may target accelerated cognitive aging in people with spinal cord injury: A systematic and topical review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Wouter A.J.","family":"Vints","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oron","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nerijus","family":"Masiulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanine","family":"Verbunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte C.M.","family":"van Laake-Geelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.05.022","article-title":"FGF-2 targets sclerostin in bone and myostatin in skeletal muscle to mitigate the deleterious effects of glucocorticoid on musculoskeletal degradation","volume":"229","author":"Adhikary","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effects of walking training on risk markers of cardiovascular disease in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury","volume":"0","author":"Alajam","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Spinal Cord. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2016.96","article-title":"Targeting inflammation to influence cognitive function following spinal cord injury: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"55","author":"Allison","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spinal Cord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2020.1752976","article-title":"Effects of intensity-matched exercise at different intensities on inflammatory responses in able-bodied and spinal cord injured individuals","volume":"44","author":"Alves","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Spinal Cord. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.20463\/pan.2020.0013","article-title":"Effects of leucine-enriched essential amino acid supplementation on muscular fatigue and inflammatory cytokines in wheelchair basketball players","volume":"24","author":"An","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. Act. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1590\/S1980-57642010DN40100003","article-title":"Cognition and chronic hypoxia in pulmonary diseases","volume":"4","author":"Areza-Fegyveres","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dement. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12082401","article-title":"Myostatin as a biomarker of muscle wasting and other pathologies-state of the art and knowledge gaps","author":"Baczek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.033","article-title":"Function in the human connectome: Task-fMRI and individual differences in behavior","volume":"80","author":"Barch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.03.007","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in the normal aging hippocampus","author":"Barrientos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1159\/000080759","article-title":"Exercise and circulating insulin-like growth factor I","volume":"62","author":"Berg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Horm. Res. Paediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2012.02.016","article-title":"Relationships between objective sleep indices and symptoms in a community sample of people with tetraplegia","volume":"93","author":"Berlowitz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2016.03.008","article-title":"Comorbid traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury: screening validity and effect on outcomes","volume":"97","author":"Bombardier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2398212820979802","article-title":"The role of cytokines in modulating learning and memory and brain plasticity","volume":"4","author":"Bourgognon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Neurosci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib14","first-page":"853","article-title":"Respiratory dysfunction and management in spinal cord injury","volume":"51","author":"Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respir. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1037\/rep0000416","article-title":"Association of physical and mental symptoms with cognition in people with spinal cord injury","volume":"66","author":"Carlozzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rehabil. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6692802","article-title":"Serum CCL21 as a potential biomarker for cognitive impairment in spinal cord injury","volume":"2020","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2018.1543103","article-title":"Patterns of cognitive deficits in persons with spinal cord injury as compared with both age-matched and older individuals without spinal cord injury","volume":"43","author":"Chiaravalloti","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Spinal Cord. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib18","article-title":"Astrocyte senescence: Evidence and significance","author":"Cohen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1037\/rep0000140","article-title":"Cognition among community-dwelling individuals with spinal cord injury","volume":"62","author":"Cohen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rehabil. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.0013-2019","article-title":"Post-intensive care syndrome: impact, prevention, and management","volume":"15","author":"Colbenson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Breathe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.t01-1-01430","article-title":"Fitness Effects on the Cognitive Function of Older Adults: A Meta-Analytic Study","volume":"14","author":"Colcombe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2007.06.011","article-title":"Exercise builds brain health: key roles of growth factor cascades and inflammation","volume":"30","author":"Cotman","year":"2007","journal-title":"TRENDS Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2015.02.027","article-title":"Prospective Study of the Occurrence of Psychological Disorders and Comorbidities after Spinal Cord Injury","volume":"96","author":"Craig","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2016.4632","article-title":"Cognitive impairment and mood states after spinal cord injury","volume":"34","author":"Craig","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gls131","article-title":"Roles and tissue source of adiponectin involved in lifestyle modifications","volume":"68","author":"Dai","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. - Ser. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2013.0714","article-title":"An Aging Population And Growing Disease Burden Will Require A Large And Specialized Health Care Workforce By 2025","volume":"32","author":"Dall","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Aff."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib27","first-page":"1","article-title":"Formation and integration of new neurons in the adult hippocampus","author":"Denoth-Lippuner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.02.084","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor I interfaces with brain-derived neurotrophic factor-mediated synaptic plasticity to modulate aspects of exercise-induced cognitive function","volume":"140","author":"Ding","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2020.04.001","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction in persons with chronic spinal cord injuries","volume":"31","author":"Distel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Rehabil. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib30","first-page":"117","article-title":"The effects of acute aerobic exercise on mood and inflammation in individuals with multiple sclerosis and incomplete spinal cord injury","volume":"45","author":"Donia","year":"2019","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2012.12.007","article-title":"Pain in patients with spinal cord injury","volume":"154","author":"Finnerup","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/REVNEURO.2010.21.3.187","article-title":"Structural brain changes in aging: Courses, causes and cognitive consequences","author":"Fjell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1177\/1559827607300283","article-title":"State of the art reviews: the anti-inflammatory actions of exercise training","volume":"1","author":"Flynn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Lifestyle Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib34","first-page":"158","article-title":"Does a single bout of exercise impacts BDNF, oxidative stress and epigenetic markers in spinal cord injury patients?","volume":"34","author":"Goldhardt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Funct. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib35","first-page":"16","article-title":"Association of serum myokines and aerobic exercise training in patients with spinal cord injury: An observational study","author":"Han","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib36","article-title":"Does lack of brain injury mean lack of cognitive impairment in traumatic spinal cord injury?","author":"Heled","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Spinal Cord. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2016.4525","article-title":"Risk of dementia in patients with spinal cord injury: A nationwide population-based cohort study","volume":"34","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-009-0036-z","article-title":"Cognitive performance in hypotensive persons with spinal cord injury","volume":"20","author":"Jegede","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Auton. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.576444","article-title":"Beyond the Hippocampus and the SVZ: Adult Neurogenesis Throughout the Brain","author":"Jurkowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S39506","article-title":"Physical exercise and cognitive performance in the elderly: Current perspectives","volume":"9","author":"Kirk-Sanchez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Interv. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1179\/2045772314Y.0000000235","article-title":"The risks of polypharmacy following spinal cord injury","volume":"40","author":"Kitzman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Spinal Cord. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-011-2004-2","article-title":"Does 20-min arm crank ergometer exercise increase plasma interleukin-6 in individuals with cervical spinal cord injury?","volume":"112","author":"Kouda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-0819-4","article-title":"Microglial-derived microparticles mediate neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury","volume":"14","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2019.110710","article-title":"Effects of exercise-induced apelin on muscle function and cognitive function in aged mice","volume":"127","author":"Kwak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2016.4532","article-title":"High-intensity locomotor exercise increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury","volume":"34","author":"Leech","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/s12170-011-0189-x","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease risk factors and cognition in the elderly","volume":"5","author":"Leritz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Cardiovasc. Risk Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib47","article-title":"Multidimensional review of cognitive impairment after spinal cord injury","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Belg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib48","article-title":"Dementia, Depression, and Associated Brain Inflammatory Mechanisms after Spinal Cord Injury","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11376","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.49199","article-title":"Delayed microglial depletion after spinal cord injury reduces chronic inflammation and neurodegeneration in the brain and improves neurological recovery in male mice","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1201-y","article-title":"Myostatin Is Associated With Cognitive Decline in an Animal Model of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"56","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8149","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2883-19.2020","article-title":"Regional Myo-Inositol, Creatine, and Choline Levels Are Higher at Older Age and Scale Negatively with Visuospatial Working Memory: A Cross-Sectional Proton MR Spectroscopy Study at 7 Tesla on Normal Cognitive Ageing","volume":"40","author":"Lind","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/act049","article-title":"The impact of mild traumatic brain injury on cognitive functioning following co-occurring spinal cord injury","volume":"28","author":"Macciocchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib53","first-page":"78","article-title":"Acute and regular exercise distinctly modulate serum, plasma and skeletal muscle BDNF in the elderly","author":"M\u00e1derov\u00e1","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropeptides"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.12.019","article-title":"Traumatic spinal cord injury and risk of early and late onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease and related dementia: large longitudinal study","volume":"102","author":"Mahmoudi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00509","article-title":"Effects of physical exercise on cognitive functioning and wellbeing: Biological and psychological benefits","author":"Mandolesi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.23.1.649","article-title":"Synaptic Plasticity and Memory: An Evaluation of the Hypothesis","volume":"23","author":"Martin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.08.006","article-title":"A comprehensive literature review of chronic pain and memory","volume":"87","author":"Mazza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8070691","article-title":"Physical Exercise Inhibits Inflammation and Microglial Activation","volume":"8","author":"Mee-inta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-018-0076-0","article-title":"Cognitive performance of people with traumatic spinal cord injury: a cross-sectional study comparing people with subacute and chronic injuries","volume":"56","author":"Molina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spinal Cord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12111872","article-title":"Nontraumatic spinal cord injury: epidemiology, etiology and management","volume":"12","author":"Molinares","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pers. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib61","article-title":"The impact of a comorbid spinal cord injury on cognitive outcomes of male and female patients with traumatic brain injury","author":"Mollayeva","year":"2020","journal-title":"PM R."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.05.025","article-title":"Running-Induced Systemic Cathepsin B Secretion Is Associated with Memory Function","volume":"24","author":"Moon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.701927","article-title":"Clinical Presentation and Causes of Non-traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: An Observational Study in Emergency Patients","volume":"12","author":"M\u00fcller-Jensen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3102022","article-title":"Impact of spinal cord injury on self-perceived pre- and postmorbid cognitive, emotional and physical functioning","volume":"45","author":"Murray","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spinal Cord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e31802f0247","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease in spinal cord injury: An overview of prevalence, risk, evaluation, and management","volume":"86","author":"Myers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2002.33100","article-title":"Nontraumatic spinal cord injury: Demographic characteristics and complications","volume":"83","author":"New","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2020.1816402","article-title":"Increased serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor following wheelchair half marathon race in individuals with spinal cord injury","volume":"45","author":"Nishimura","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Spinal Cord. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2014.88","article-title":"Elevation of interleukin-6 and attenuation of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 during wheelchair half marathon in athletes with cervical spinal cord injuries","volume":"52","author":"Ogawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spinal Cord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002452","article-title":"Effect of 6-Month Exercise Training on Neurovascular Function in Spinal Cord Injury","volume":"53","author":"Ozturk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-0040","article-title":"Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Pathophysiology and Diagnosis","volume":"132","author":"Patil","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31828f9bbb","article-title":"Spinal cord injury level and the circulating cytokine response to strenuous exercise","volume":"45","author":"Paulson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2013.08.0184","article-title":"Inflammation-mediating cytokine response to acute handcycling exercise with\/without functional electrical stimulation-evoked lower-limb cycling","volume":"51","author":"Paulson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Res. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0174-x","article-title":"Physical activity and muscle\u2013brain crosstalk","author":"Pedersen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00080.2007","article-title":"Role of myokines in exercise and metabolism","volume":"103","author":"Pedersen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S199746","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in depression: recent advances and novel treatments","volume":"15","author":"Perini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2016.4751","article-title":"2015 ParaPan American Games: Autonomic Function, But Not Physical Activity, Is Associated with Vascular-Cognitive Impairment in Spinal Cord Injury","volume":"34","author":"Phillips","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.037","article-title":"Impact of exercise on neuroplasticity-related proteins in spinal cord injured humans","volume":"153","author":"Rojas Vega","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.08.246","article-title":"Low-grade systemic inflammation and leptin levels were improved by arm cranking exercise in adults with chronic spinal cord injury","volume":"95","author":"Rosety-Rodriguez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006244","article-title":"Cognitive function after spinal cord injury: A systematic review","author":"Sachdeva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20102464","article-title":"The blood pressure pendulum following spinal cord injury: implications for vascular cognitive impairment","author":"Sachdeva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3100563","article-title":"Sleep apnoea related hypoxia is associated with cognitive disturbances in patients with tetraplegia","volume":"36","author":"Sajkov","year":"1998","journal-title":"Spinal Cord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023262","article-title":"Neuroanatomical substrates of age-related cognitive decline","volume":"137","author":"Salthouse","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1779","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000200957","article-title":"Cognitive Impairment in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury","volume":"99","author":"Sandalic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.03.052","article-title":"Exercise after spinal cord injury as an agent for neuroprotection, regeneration and rehabilitation","author":"Sandrow-Feinberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-015-9789-3","article-title":"Potential roles of fibroblast growth factor 21 in the brain","author":"Sa-nguanmoo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/JNN.0b013e3182527690","article-title":"The impact of inflammation on cognitive function in older adults: Implications for healthcare practice and research","author":"Sartori","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000015","article-title":"Wheelchair marathon creates a systemic anti-inflammatory environment in persons with spinal cord injury","volume":"24","author":"Sasaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. J. Sport Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsw037","article-title":"Neuropsychological function in patients with acute tetraplegia and sleep disordered breathing","volume":"40","author":"Schembri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2941","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5522","article-title":"Progressive Ventricles Enlargement and Cerebrospinal Fluid Volume Increases as a Marker of Neurodegeneration in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury: A Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study","volume":"35","author":"Seif","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib90","first-page":"1","article-title":"A national survey of physical activity after spinal cord injury","volume":"121","author":"Soriano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep. 2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0736-y","article-title":"Multiple organ dysfunction and systemic inflammation after spinal cord injury: A complex relationship","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib92","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and neurogenesis in alzheimer\u2019s disease and potential therapeutic approaches","author":"Sung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.02.022","article-title":"Patterns of alcohol and substance use and abuse in persons with spinal cord injury: Risk factors and correlates","volume":"85","author":"Tate","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410210603","article-title":"Neocortical cell counts in normal human adult aging","volume":"21","author":"Terry","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2011.74","article-title":"Plasma IL-6 levels during arm exercise in persons with spinal cord injury","volume":"49","author":"Umemoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spinal Cord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-014-9304-x","article-title":"Inflammation in sleep apnea: an update","volume":"16","author":"Unnikrishnan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3793","article-title":"Kynurenines in the CNS: Recent advances and new questions","author":"V\u00e9csei","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.859772","article-title":"Inflammatory blood biomarker kynurenine is linked with elevated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in older adults: evidence from two 1H-MRS post-processing analysis methods","author":"Vints","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2022.100993","article-title":"Exerkines and long-term synaptic potentiation: Mechanisms of exercise-induced neuroplasticity","volume":"66","author":"Vints","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib100","series-title":"Neuropsychology within the Inpatient Rehabilitation Environment","first-page":"79","article-title":"Concomitant Cognitive Impairment in Persons with Spinal Cord Injuries in Rehabilitation Settings","author":"Warren","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1179\/2045772312Y.0000000056","article-title":"Decentralized cardiovascular autonomic control and cognitive deficits in persons with spinal cord injury","author":"Wecht","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Spinal Cord. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2957","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.5760","article-title":"Systemic and Cerebral Hemodynamic Contribution to Cognitive Performance in Spinal Cord Injury","volume":"35","author":"Wecht","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib103","unstructured":"WHO, 2013, Spinal cord injury fact sheet [WWW Document]. URL https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/spinal-cord-injury (accessed 4.4.21)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-013-9501-5","article-title":"Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Signaling in Neurogenesis and Neurodegeneration","volume":"9","author":"Woodbury","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3233\/BPL-150019","article-title":"FNDC5\/Irisin \u2013 their role in the nervous system and as a mediator for beneficial effects of exercise on the brain","volume":"1","author":"Wrann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Plast."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhn072","article-title":"Anatomical changes in human motor cortex and motor pathways following complete thoracic spinal cord injury","volume":"19","author":"Wrigley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10989","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5110-13.2014","article-title":"Spinal cord injury causes brain inflammation associated with cognitive and affective changes: Role of cell cycle pathways","volume":"34","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.4348","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress and disrupted neurogenesis in the brain are associated with cognitive impairment and depressive-like behavior after spinal cord injury","volume":"33","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-020-00798-x","article-title":"The Neural Mechanisms Underlying Processing Speed Deficits in Individuals Who Have Sustained a Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study","volume":"33","author":"Wylie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Topogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21013","article-title":"Role of phosphorylation of ERK in induction and maintenance of LTP of the C-fiber evoked field potentials in spinal dorsal horn","volume":"84","author":"Xin","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-017-0009-3","article-title":"Spinal cord injury and Alzheimer\u2019s disease risk: a population-based, retrospective cohort study","volume":"56","author":"Yeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spinal Cord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2015.94","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentrations in tetraplegic athletes","volume":"53","author":"Zeller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spinal Cord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1257","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005258","article-title":"Progressive neurodegeneration following spinal cord injury: Implications for clinical trials","volume":"90","author":"Ziegler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0149763423000349?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0149763423000349?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T10:28:33Z","timestamp":1758968913000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0149763423000349"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":113,"alternative-id":["S0149763423000349"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-7634"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-7634","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Myokines may target accelerated cognitive aging in people with spinal cord injury: A systematic and topical review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105065","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105065"}}