{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T21:31:00Z","timestamp":1794087060865,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":211,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001786","name":"University of Adelaide","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001786","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuroscience &amp; Biobehavioral Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]],"date-time":"2024-04-11T00:54:39Z","timestamp":1712796879000},"page":"105672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Influence of cognitive reserve on cognitive and motor function in \u03b1-synucleinopathies: A systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"161","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9667-9772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isaac","family":"Saywell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Foreman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittany","family":"Child","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander L.","family":"Phillips-Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyndsey","family":"Collins-Praino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Baetu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-021-00946-w","article-title":"Parsing heterogeneity within dementia with Lewy bodies using clustering of biological, clinical, and demographic data","volume":"14","author":"Abdelnour","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019S. Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-52829-8","article-title":"Differentiation of multiple system atrophy from Parkinson\u2019s disease by structural connectivity derived from probabilistic tractography","volume":"9","author":"Abos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2011.01234.x","article-title":"The neuropathology, pathophysiology and genetics of multiple system atrophy","volume":"38","author":"Ahmed","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.3102\/1076998610396901","article-title":"An effect size for regression predictors in meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Aloe","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Educ. Behav. Stat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib5","article-title":"Association between composite scores of domain-specific cognitive functions and regional patterns of atrophy and functional connectivity in the Alzheimer\u2019s disease spectrum","volume":"29","author":"Amaefule","year":"2020","journal-title":"NeuroImage: Clin."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1159\/000341782","article-title":"Roles of education and IQ in cognitive reserve in parkinson\u2019s disease-mild cognitive impairment","volume":"2","author":"Armstrong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord. Extra"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117289","article-title":"Associations between cognitive and brain volume changes in cognitively normal older adults","volume":"223","author":"Armstrong","year":"2020","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib8","first-page":"151","article-title":"Cognitive impairments in Parkinson\u2019s disease: evidence from an Iranian population","volume":"11","author":"Ashrafi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iran. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.20982\/tqmp.12.3.p154","article-title":"Fitting three-level meta-analytic models in R: A step-by-step tutorial","volume":"12","author":"Assink","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Quantitative Methods for Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2011000600002","article-title":"Dementia in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a Brazilian sample","volume":"69","author":"Baldivia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arq. De. Neuro-Psiquiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2017.10.039","article-title":"Neuropsychological and clinical heterogeneity of cognitive impairment in patients with multiple system atrophy","volume":"164","author":"Barcelos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000176286.17192.69","article-title":"Education modifies the association of amyloid but not tangles with cognitive function","volume":"65","author":"Bennett","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.08.016","article-title":"Dynamic change of cognitive reserve: associations with changes in brain, cognition, and diagnosis","volume":"83","author":"Bettcher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"issue":"sup1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2017.1324045","article-title":"Clinimetric validity of the Trail Making Test Czech version in Parkinson\u2019s disease and normative data for older adults","volume":"31","author":"Bezdicek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropsychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-013-1004-2","article-title":"Diagnostic and screening power of neuropsychological testing in detecting mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"120","author":"Biundo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm. (Vienna, Austria.: 1996)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012499","article-title":"Measuring resilience and resistance in aging and Alzheimer disease using residual methods","volume":"97","author":"Bocancea","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib17","series-title":"In Introduction to Meta-Analysis","first-page":"45","article-title":"Converting Among Effect Sizes","author":"Borenstein","year":"2009"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.12","article-title":"A basic introduction to fixed-effect and random-effects models for meta-analysis","volume":"1","author":"Borenstein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res. Synth. Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1080\/00223980109603691","article-title":"Concurrent validity of the test of nonverbal intelligence in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients","volume":"135","author":"Bostantjopoulou","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-021-00870-z","article-title":"Verbal intelligence is a more robust cross-sectional measure of cognitive reserve than level of education in healthy older adults","volume":"13","author":"Boyle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019S. Res. Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(02)00065-9","article-title":"Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"Braak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2382","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq158","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in patients with multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"133","author":"Brown","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e811","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006954","article-title":"Physical activity, common brain pathologies, and cognition in community-dwelling older adults","volume":"92","author":"Buchman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-017-3050-2","article-title":"Continuous quantitative monitoring of physical activity in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients by using wearable devices: a case-control study","volume":"38","author":"Cai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci.: Off. J. Ital. Neurol. Soc. Ital. Soc. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-05672-9","article-title":"Alpha-synuclein in Parkinson\u2019s disease and other synucleinopathies: From overt neurodegeneration back to early synaptic dysfunction","volume":"14","author":"Calabresi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282X20150016","article-title":"Clinical predictors of cognitive impairment and psychiatric complications in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"73","author":"Campos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arq. De. Neuro-Psiquiatr."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139773","article-title":"The Global Cognition, Frontal Lobe Dysfunction and Behavior Changes in Chinese Patients with Multiple System Atrophy","volume":"10","author":"Cao","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.58.1.51","article-title":"Which factors predict cognitive decline in Parkinson\u2019s disease?","volume":"58","author":"Caparros-Lefebvre","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurol., Neurosurg., Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-020-00342-2","article-title":"Specific occupational profiles as proxies of cognitive reserve induce neuroprotection in dementia with Lewy bodies","volume":"15","author":"Carli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21769","article-title":"Psychometric attributes of the SCOPA-COG Brazilian version","volume":"23","author":"Carod-Artal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov. Disord.: Off. J. Mov. Disord. Soc."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s00422-010-0401-y","article-title":"What do the basal ganglia do? A modeling perspective","volume":"103","author":"Chakravarthy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Cybern."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20844","article-title":"International multicenter pilot study of the first comprehensive self-completed nonmotor symptoms questionnaire for Parkinson\u2019s disease: the NMSQuest study","volume":"21","author":"Chaudhuri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mov. Disord.: Off. J. Mov. Disord. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib33","article-title":"Impaired dynamic cerebral autoregulation: a potential mechanism of orthostatic hypotension and dementia in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib34","first-page":"296","article-title":"Using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale to screen for dementia in Chinese patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Shanghai Arch. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032968","article-title":"Modeling dependent effect sizes with three-level meta-analyses: a structural equation modeling approach","volume":"19","author":"Cheung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-019-09415-6","article-title":"A guide to conducting a meta-analysis with non-independent effect sizes","volume":"29","author":"Cheung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychol. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.14802\/jmd.22063","article-title":"Potential link between cognition and motor reserve in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"15","author":"Chung","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-017-0838-0","article-title":"The role of cognitive reserve in cognitive aging: what we can learn from Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"30","author":"Ciccarelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1080\/13825585.2021.1892026","article-title":"Cognitive reserve: A multidimensional protective factor in Parkinson\u2019s disease related cognitive impairment","volume":"29","author":"Ciccarelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuropsychol., Dev., Cogn. Sect. B, Aging, Neuropsychol. Cogn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101814","article-title":"Is cognitive reserve associated with the prevention of cognitive decline after stroke? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"84","author":"Contador","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(03)00117-9","article-title":"L-Dopa medication remediates cognitive inflexibility, but increases impulsivity in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"41","author":"Cools","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-324992","article-title":"Cognitive reserve in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): a population-based longitudinal study","volume":"92","author":"Costello","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurol., Neurosurg., Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1159\/000448751","article-title":"Fine motor function skills in patients with Parkinson disease with and without mild cognitive impairment","volume":"42","author":"Dahdal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00277","article-title":"Cognitive reserve factors in a developing country: education and occupational attainment lower the risk of dementia in a sample of lebanese older adults","volume":"10","author":"Darwish","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-015-7964-4","article-title":"Domain-specific versus generalized cognitive screening in acute stroke","volume":"263","author":"Demeyere","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2015.1090393","article-title":"Smoking history is associated to cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"21","author":"Doiron","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aging Ment. Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12375","article-title":"Cognitive function in the early phase of Parkinson\u2019s disease, a five-year follow-up","volume":"132","author":"Domell\u00f6f","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"issue":"7109","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ (Clin. Res. Ed. )"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2009.02707.x","article-title":"Cognitive function in early Parkinson\u2019s disease: a population-based study","volume":"16","author":"Elgh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-022-01049-w","article-title":"Issues and recommendations for the residual approach to quantifying cognitive resilience and reserve","volume":"14","author":"Elman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019S. Res. Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27329","article-title":"MoCA for cognitive screening in Parkinson\u2019s disease: beware of floor effect","volume":"33","author":"Federico","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mov. Disord.: Off. J. Mov. Disord. Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1080\/00220973.2019.1582470","article-title":"Detecting selection bias in meta-analyses with multiple outcomes: a simulation study","volume":"89","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Castilla","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Exp. Educ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2007-12103","article-title":"Brain reserve hypothesis in dementia","volume":"12","author":"Fratiglioni","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019S. Dis.: JAD"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2015.1087465","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease: diagnosis and progression to dementia","volume":"38","author":"Galtier","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2014.08.032","article-title":"Sex differences in cognition among Chinese people with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"22","author":"Gao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617719000638","article-title":"A positive relationship between cognitive reserve and cognitive function after stroke: dynamic proxies correlate better than static proxies","volume":"25","author":"Gil-Pag\u00e9s","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc.: JINS"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1159\/000109885","article-title":"Risk factors for dementia in Parkinson\u2019s disease: effect of education","volume":"15","author":"Glatt","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib58","unstructured":"Glen, S. (2014, December 9). Fisher Z-Transformation. Statistics How To. \u3008https:\/\/www.statisticshowto.com\/fisher-z\/\u3009."},{"issue":"s1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib59","first-page":"S51","article-title":"The Synucleinopathies: Twenty Years On","volume":"7","author":"Goedert","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Park. \u2019S. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.4103\/INJMS.INJMS_29_18","article-title":"The cognitive profile and executive function of progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy patients","volume":"10","author":"Goel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Spec."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20213","article-title":"Movement disorder society task force report on the hoehn and yahr staging scale: status and recommendations","volume":"19","author":"Goetz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mov. Disord.: Off. J. Mov. Disord. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib62","author":"Graham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Meas. Promot. Inter-Rater Agreem. Teach. Princ. Perform. Rat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib63","unstructured":"GraphPad. (2023). T test calculator. \u3008https:\/\/www.graphpad.com\/quickcalcs\/ttest1\/?format=SD\u3009."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000031426.21683.E2","article-title":"Cognitive impairments in advanced PD without dementia","volume":"59","author":"Green","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s41512-019-0050-0","article-title":"Elaborating on the assessment of the risk of bias in prognostic studies in pain rehabilitation using QUIPS\u2014aspects of interrater agreement","volume":"3","author":"Grooten","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diagn. Progn. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00053","article-title":"Narrative organization deficit in lewy body disorders is related to Alzheimer pathology","volume":"11","author":"Grossman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4185","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-022-05985-1","article-title":"Effect of cognitive reserve on cognitive function in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"43","author":"Gu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1080\/1750984X.2021.1946835","article-title":"Handling effect size dependency in meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Gucciardi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Sport Exerc. Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.09.011","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: a new series of articles in the Journal of Clinical Epidemiology","volume":"64","author":"Guyatt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2018.11.020","article-title":"The association of cognitive reserve with motor and cognitive functions for different stages of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"115","author":"Guzzetti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05118.x","article-title":"The progression of pathology in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"1184","author":"Halliday","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib72","series-title":"Doing Meta-Analysis with R: A Hands-On Guide","author":"Harrer","year":"2021"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2019.21.3\/pharvey","article-title":"Domains of cognition and their assessment","volume":"21","author":"Harvey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dialog-. Clin. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-158-4-201302190-00009","article-title":"Assessing bias in studies of prognostic factors","volume":"158","author":"Hayden","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2014.02.022","article-title":"Clinician versus machine: reliability and responsiveness of motor endpoints in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"20","author":"Heldman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Park. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21956","article-title":"The Sydney multicenter study of Parkinson\u2019s disease: the inevitability of dementia at 20 years","volume":"23","author":"Hely","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov. Disord.: Off. J. Mov. Disord. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.10.019","article-title":"Influence of cognitive reserve in schizophrenia: a systematic review","volume":"108","author":"Herrero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib78","unstructured":"Higgins, J., Thomas, J., Chandler, J., Cumpston, M., Li, T., Page, M., & Welch, V. (2022, February 1). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. \u3008https:\/\/training.cochrane.org\/handbook\u3009."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.08.010","article-title":"Cognitive reserve in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Hindle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Park. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4284","article-title":"The effects of cognitive reserve and lifestyle on cognition and dementia in Parkinson\u2019s disease\u2014a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"31","author":"Hindle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e157","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4677","article-title":"The effects of lifelong cognitive lifestyle on executive function in older people with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"32","author":"Hindle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.57.3.347","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of dementia with lewy bodies","volume":"57","author":"Hohl","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-003-0009-7","article-title":"Influence of age, gender, education and dexterity on upper limb motor performance in Parkinsonian patients and healthy controls","volume":"110","author":"Homann","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.884506","article-title":"Characteristics of cognitive impairment and their relationship with total cerebral small vascular disease score in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Hou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1159\/000026159","article-title":"Gene-toxin interaction as a putative risk factor for Parkinson\u2019s disease with dementia","volume":"17","author":"Hubble","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-2-71","article-title":"Judging the quality of evidence in reviews of prognostic factor research: adapting the GRADE framework","volume":"2","author":"Huguet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4615","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-021-05123-3","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease and virtual reality rehabilitation: Cognitive reserve influences the walking and balance outcome","volume":"42","author":"Imbimbo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci.: Off. J. Ital. Neurol. Soc. Ital. Soc. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebo.2013.12.016","article-title":"On the advantages and disadvantages of subjective measures","volume":"98","author":"Jahedi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Econ. Behav. Organ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/512714","article-title":"Association of social engagement with brain volumes assessed by structural MRI","volume":"2012","author":"James","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Aging Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib90","first-page":"357","article-title":"Clock drawing test to screen for dementia in Parkinsonian patients with low educational backgrounds","volume":"21","author":"Jeong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurol. Asia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.1_Part_1.13","article-title":"Education and the prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"43","author":"Katzman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410230206","article-title":"Clinical, pathological, and neurochemical changes in dementia: a subgroup with preserved mental status and numerous neocortical plaques","volume":"23","author":"Katzman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib93","author":"Kenney","year":"2021","journal-title":"A Syst. Rev. Risk Factor Categ. Cogn. Dysfunct. Park. \u2019S. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2016.01.032","article-title":"Relationship of circulatory BDNF with cognitive deficits in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"362","author":"Khalil","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.14802\/jmd.16020","article-title":"The MMSE and MoCA for screening cognitive impairment in less educated patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12597","article-title":"Accuracy of Two cognitive screening tools to detect mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"5","author":"Koevoets","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mov. Disord. Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001807","article-title":"When DLB, PD, and PSP masquerade as MSA: an autopsy study of 134 patients","volume":"85","author":"Koga","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib98","first-page":"43","article-title":"Power-enhanced funnel plots for meta-analysis: the sunset funnel plot","volume":"228","author":"Kossmeier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Z. F. \u00fcR. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib99","unstructured":"Kossmeier, M., Tran, U.S., & Voracek, M. (2020b). metaviz: Forest Plots, Funnel Plots, and Visual Funnel Plot Inference for Meta-Analysis (0.3.1) [Computer software]. \u3008https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/metaviz\/index.html\u3009."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1097\/WNN.0b013e3181b278f9","article-title":"Depression impairs executive functioning in Parkinson disease patients with low educational level","volume":"22","author":"Kummer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cogn. Behav. Neurol.: Off. J. Soc. Behav. Cogn. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00863","article-title":"Calculating and reporting effect sizes to facilitate cumulative science: a practical primer for t-tests and ANOVAs","volume":"4","author":"Lakens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2016.05.009","article-title":"Influence of education on cognitive performance and dopamine transporter binding in dementia with Lewy bodies","volume":"146","author":"Lamotte","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27854","article-title":"Examining the reserve hypothesis in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a longitudinal study","volume":"34","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mov. Disord.: Off. J. Mov. Disord. Soc."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.55.7.969","article-title":"Accuracy of the clinical diagnoses of Lewy Body disease, Parkinson disease, and dementia with lewy bodies: a clinicopathologic study","volume":"55","author":"Litvan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11080992","article-title":"Cognitive reserve, executive function, and memory in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"11","author":"Loftus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.12605","article-title":"The six-item clock-drawing scoring system: a rapid screening for cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"21","author":"Lolekha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychogeriatr.: Off. J. Jpn. Psychogeriatr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1310","article-title":"Dealing with effect size multiplicity in systematic reviews and meta-analyses","author":"L\u00f3pez-L\u00f3pez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Res. Synth. Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1177\/1529100620920576","article-title":"Education and cognitive functioning across the life span","volume":"21","author":"L\u00f6vd\u00e9n","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci. Public Interest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.673816","article-title":"Cognitive influences in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients and their caregivers: perspectives from an australian cohort","volume":"12","author":"Lubomski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.05.020","article-title":"Cognitive reserve and \u03b2-amyloid pathology in Parkinson disease","volume":"21","author":"Lucero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Park. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1155\/1995\/304876","article-title":"Mini-Mental Parkinson: first validation study of a new bedside test constructed for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"8","author":"Mahieux","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behav. Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib112","first-page":"390","article-title":"Static and dynamic cognitive reserve proxy measures: interactions with Alzheimer\u2019s disease neuropathology and cognition","volume":"7","author":"Malek-Ahmadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019S. Dis. Park."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib113","series-title":"Critical Correlation Calculator","author":"MathCracker","year":"2017"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S62","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(13)70017-8","article-title":"\u03b1-Synucleinopathy phenotypes","volume":"20","author":"McCann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Park. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1411","article-title":"Risk-of-bias VISualization (robvis): An R package and Shiny web app for visualizing risk-of-bias assessments","volume":"12","author":"McGuinness","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res. Synth. Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.031","article-title":"Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic","volume":"22","author":"McHugh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-180549","article-title":"The role of cognitive reserve in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and aging: a multi-modal imaging review","volume":"66","author":"Menardi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019S. Dis."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038268","article-title":"Education and dementia in the context of the cognitive reserve hypothesis: a systematic review with meta-analyses and qualitative analyses","volume":"7","author":"Meng","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1080\/13825580802233418","article-title":"The relationship between contrast sensitivity, gait, and reading speed in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"16","author":"Moes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychol., Dev., Cogn. Sect. B, Aging, Neuropsychol. Cogn."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1177\/0198742918806926","article-title":"Quantitative synthesis of research evidence: multilevel meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Moeyaert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scog.2014.06.003","article-title":"The relationship between IQ and performance on the MATRICS consensus cognitive battery","volume":"1","author":"Mohn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res. Cogn."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2006.098079","article-title":"Effect of levodopa on cognitive function in Parkinson\u2019s disease with and without dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies","volume":"77","author":"Molloy","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurol., Neurosurg., Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-8800-4","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease: the Parkinson\u2019s disease cognitive study (PACOS)","volume":"265","author":"Monastero","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.01220","article-title":"Pragmatic language disorder in Parkinson\u2019s disease and the potential effect of cognitive reserve","volume":"10","author":"Montemurro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"k4817","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k4817","article-title":"When continuous outcomes are measured using different scales: guide for meta-analysis and interpretation","volume":"364","author":"Murad","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1424","article-title":"The orchard plot: cultivating a forest plot for use in ecology, evolution, and beyond","volume":"12","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res. Synth. Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.13724","article-title":"Methods for testing publication bias in ecological and evolutionary meta-analyses","volume":"13","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Methods Ecol. Evol."},{"issue":"n\/a","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib128","article-title":"orchaRd 2.0: an R package for visualising meta-analyses with orchard plots","volume":"n\/a","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Methods Ecol. Evol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s13750-023-00301-6","article-title":"Quantitative evidence synthesis: a practical guide on meta-analysis, meta-regression, and publication bias tests for environmental sciences","volume":"12","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Evid."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.02096.x","article-title":"Montreal cognitive assessment performance in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease with \u201cnormal\u201d global cognition according to mini-mental state examination score","volume":"57","author":"Nazem","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-021-09478-4","article-title":"Cognitive reserve, Alzheimer\u2019s neuropathology, and risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Nelson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.1018071","article-title":"Moderating effect of cognitive reserve on brain integrity and cognitive performance","volume":"14","author":"Nelson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/03610738908259753","article-title":"Changes in the performance of parkinsonian patients and normal aged on the benton visual retention test","volume":"15","author":"Netherton","year":"1989","journal-title":"Exp. Aging Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00021","article-title":"Incidence of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in Parkinson\u2019s disease: the Parkinson\u2019s disease cognitive impairment study","volume":"11","author":"Nicoletti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2019.01.021","article-title":"The clinical characteristics and cognitive features of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease and the analysis of relevant factors","volume":"63","author":"Nie","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci.: Off. J. Neurosurg. Soc. Australas."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2410","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.14031","article-title":"Nonindependence and sensitivity analyses in ecological and evolutionary meta-analyses","volume":"26","author":"Noble","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03654795","article-title":"Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire (CRIq): a new instrument for measuring cognitive reserve","volume":"24","author":"Nucci","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a024109","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a024109","article-title":"Genetics of synucleinopathies","volume":"8","author":"Nussbaum","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1590\/s1980-5764-2016dn1004008","article-title":"The impact of cognitive performance on quality of life in individuals with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Olchik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dement. Neuropsychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.8.4.434","article-title":"Generalized eta and omega squared statistics: Measures of effect size for some common research designs","volume":"8","author":"Olejnik","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968320981956","article-title":"Predicting working memory training responsiveness in Parkinson\u2019s disease: both \u201csystem hardware\u201d and room for improvement are needed","volume":"35","author":"Ophey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurorehabilitation Neural Repair"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib142","article-title":"The relationship between cognition and the non-cognitive clinical findings in Turkish patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease.","volume":"32","author":"\u00d6zdi\u0307lek","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22877","article-title":"PDD-Short Screen: a brief cognitive test for screening dementia in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"25","author":"Pagonabarraga","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mov. Disord.: Off. J. Mov. Disord. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib144","article-title":"The relationship between cognitive reserve and cognition in healthy adults: a systematic review","author":"Panico","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Psychol."},{"issue":"Pt B)","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2017.07.018","article-title":"Distinct \u03b1-Synuclein strains and implications for heterogeneity among \u03b1-Synucleinopathies","volume":"109","author":"Peng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1159\/000167791","article-title":"Activities of daily living, cerebral glucose metabolism, and cognitive reserve in Lewy body and Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"26","author":"Perneczky","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12189","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in early-stage non-demented Parkinson\u2019s disease patients","volume":"129","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib148","article-title":"dataset","author":"PPMI","year":"2022","journal-title":"Park. \u2019S. Progress. Markers Initiat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib149","unstructured":"Pustejovsky, J. (2023). clubSandwich: Cluster-Robust (Sandwich) Variance Estimators with Small-Sample Corrections (0.5.10) [Computer software]. \u3008https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/clubSandwich\/index.html\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib150","unstructured":"Pustejovsky, J.E. (2018, April 19). Sampling variance of Pearson r in a two-level design. James E. Pustejovsky. \u3008https:\/\/www.jepusto.com\/variance-of-r-in-two-level-design\/\u3009."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317515619478","article-title":"Validation of neuropsychological tests to screen for dementia in chinese patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"31","author":"Qiao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Alzheimer\u2019S. Dis. Other Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib152","series-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4917","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-84316-4","article-title":"Investigating the relationship between the SNCA gene and cognitive abilities in idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease using machine learning","volume":"11","author":"Ramezani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"Pt 8","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq154","article-title":"Measuring cognitive reserve based on the decomposition of episodic memory variance","volume":"133","author":"Reed","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain: A J. Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib155","first-page":"955","article-title":"Cognitive decline tracks motor progression and not disease duration in Parkinson patients","volume":"3","author":"Riggeal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198904000-00008","article-title":"Correlates of memory in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"177","author":"Riklan","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"k4597","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k4597","article-title":"A guide to systematic review and meta-analysis of prognostic factor studies","volume":"364","author":"Riley","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ (Clin. Res. Ed. )"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/115.1.271","article-title":"Cognitive performance in multiple system atrophy","volume":"115","author":"Robbins","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brain: A J. Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25752","article-title":"Plasma levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors are associated with cognitive performance in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"29","author":"Rocha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mov. Disord.: Off. J. Mov. Disord. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib160","series-title":"In The handbook of research synthesis","first-page":"231","article-title":"Parametric measures of effect size","author":"Rosenthal","year":"1994"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2016.1207755","article-title":"Contribution of four lifelong factors of cognitive reserve on late cognition in normal aging and Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"39","author":"Rouillard","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.537360","article-title":"Cognitive profile and its evolution in a cohort of multiple system atrophy patients","volume":"11","author":"Sambati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-5215.2002.140502.x","article-title":"Influence of cognitive reserve on neuropsychological functioning in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"S\u00e1nchez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Neuropsychiatr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000520","article-title":"Cognitive reserve and neuropsychological performance in multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Santangelo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2011.10.009","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction in Tunisian LRRK2 associated Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"18","author":"Sassi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Park. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5198","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-12-05198.2002","article-title":"Cognitive slowing in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a behavioral evaluation independent of motor slowing","volume":"22","author":"Sawamoto","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14967","article-title":"Influence of cognitive reserve on cognitive and motor function in \u03b1-synucleinopathies: a systematic review protocol","volume":"1522","author":"Saywell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2009.02697.x","article-title":"Levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"16","author":"Schapira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2017.03.006","article-title":"Amnestic dementia impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease: The role of body composition, ageing and insulin resistance","volume":"20","author":"Schelp","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr. ESPEN"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2516","article-title":"A modified version of the interlocking finger test as a bedside screening test for visuospatial deficits and dementia in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Schmidt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2010.06.001","article-title":"Predictors of cognitive outcomes in early Parkinson disease patients: the national institutes of health exploratory trials in Parkinson disease (NET-PD) experience","volume":"16","author":"Schneider","year":"2010","journal-title":"Park. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123231","article-title":"Relationship between Motor Symptoms, Cognition, and Demographic Characteristics in Treated Mild\/Moderate Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"10","author":"Schneider","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-016-0297-0","article-title":"Reserve and Reserve-building activities research: key challenges and future directions","volume":"17","author":"Schwartz","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2016.00094","article-title":"Cognitively engaging activity is associated with greater cortical and subcortical volumes","volume":"8","author":"Seider","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-022-02078-w","article-title":"Effect of cerebral small vessel disease on cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"123","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Belg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00731","article-title":"Clinical characterization of Parkinson\u2019s disease patients with cognitive impairment","volume":"11","author":"Simon-Gozalbo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e950","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3712","article-title":"The relationship between motor coordination and intelligence across the IQ range","volume":"130","author":"Smits-Engelsman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1097\/WNN.0b013e31828c5956","article-title":"Influence of educational status on executive function and functional balance in individuals with Parkinson disease","volume":"26","author":"Souza","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cogn. Behav. Neurol.: Off. J. Soc. Behav. Cogn. Neurol."},{"issue":"13\u201314","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050601111385","article-title":"The utility of the mini-mental status exam in older adults with traumatic brain injury","volume":"20","author":"Srivastava","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain Inj."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib180","unstructured":"Steiner, H., Tseng, K.Y., 2010. Handb. Basal Ganglia Struct. Funct. \u2014Google Books. (https:\/\/books.google.com.au\/books?hl=en&lr=&id=vId4CgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Steiner+H.,+Tseng+K.+Y.+(2010).+Handbook+of+Basal+Ganglia+Structure+and+Function.+New+York:+Academic+Press&ots=-Mq745Lg2K&sig=96SxudUzWv3r6zUetf1YIOmkf6c#v=onepage&q=Steiner%20H.%2C%20Tseng%20K.%20Y.%20(2010).%20Handbook%20of%20Basal%20Ganglia%20Structure%20and%20Function.%20New%20York%3A%20Academic%20Press&f=false)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib181","article-title":"Cognitive performance shows domain specific associations with regional cortical thickness in multiple sclerosis","volume":"30","author":"Stellmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroImage: Clin."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617702813248","article-title":"What is cognitive reserve? Theory and research application of the reserve concept","volume":"8","author":"Stern","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc.: JINS"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2009.03.004","article-title":"Cognitive reserve","volume":"47","author":"Stern","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.03.022","article-title":"Brain reserve, cognitive reserve, compensation, and maintenance: operationalization, validity, and mechanisms of cognitive resilience","volume":"83","author":"Stern","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.07.219","article-title":"Whitepaper: defining and investigating cognitive reserve, brain reserve, and brain maintenance","volume":"16","author":"Stern","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019S. Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.015","article-title":"A framework for concepts of reserve and resilience in aging","volume":"124","author":"Stern","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d4002","article-title":"Recommendations for examining and interpreting funnel plot asymmetry in meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials","volume":"343","author":"Sterne","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2016.01.030","article-title":"Does education modify motor compensation in Parkinson\u2019s disease?","volume":"362","author":"Sunwoo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-019-0106-4","article-title":"Dementia in long-term Parkinson\u2019s disease patients: a multicentre retrospective study","volume":"6","author":"Szeto","year":"2020","journal-title":"NPJ Park. \u2019S. Dis."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.5603\/PJNNS.a2021.0071","article-title":"Effects of sex and APOE on Parkinson\u2019s Disease-related cognitive decline","volume":"55","author":"Tipton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol. I Neurochir. Pol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.2174\/156720511795745320","article-title":"Cognitive reserve in aging","volume":"8","author":"Tucker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1590\/s1980-5764-2016dn1004013","article-title":"Some aspects of the validity of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) for evaluating cognitive impairment in Brazilian patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Tumas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dement. Neuropsychol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170600938X","article-title":"Assessment of complex mental activity across the lifespan: development of the Lifetime of Experiences Questionnaire (LEQ)","volume":"37","author":"Valenzuela","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-012-0261-6","article-title":"Three-level meta-analysis of dependent effect sizes","volume":"45","author":"Van den Noortgate","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.450010102","article-title":"Entorhinal cortex pathology in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"1","author":"Van Hoesen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v036.i03","article-title":"Conducting meta-analyses in R with the metafor package","volume":"36","author":"Viechtbauer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib197","author":"Viechtbauer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Metaf.: Meta-Anal. Package R. (4. 2-0) [Comput. Softw. ]."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14698","article-title":"Clinical and neuropathological differences between Parkinson\u2019s disease, Parkinson\u2019s disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies \u2013 current issues and future directions","volume":"150","author":"Walker","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"Spec Issue","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib199","first-page":"29","article-title":"Cognitive profiles in Parkinson\u2019s disease and their correlation with dementia, anxiety and depression: a preliminary study","volume":"22","author":"Wan Mohamed","year":"2015","journal-title":"Malays. J. Med. Sci.: MJMS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib200","first-page":"275","article-title":"Assessment of cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: Prevalence and risk factors","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Interv. Aging"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2014.11.030","article-title":"A neurophysiological profile in Parkinson\u2019s disease with mild cognitive impairment and dementia in China","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci.: Off. J. Neurosurg. Soc. Australas."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glaa294","article-title":"Association between brain volumes and patterns of physical activity in community-dwelling older adults","volume":"76","author":"Wanigatunga","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. A, Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00019","article-title":"Assessment of cognitive and motor skills in Parkinson\u2019s disease by a robotic object hitting game","volume":"10","author":"Wiratman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib204","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guidelines for snowballing in systematic literature studies and a replication in software engineering","author":"Wohlin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. 18th Int. Conf. Eval. Assess. Softw. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2011.09.009","article-title":"Cognitive impairment is common in Parkinson\u2019s disease without dementia in the early and middle stages in a Han Chinese cohort","volume":"18","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Park. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2015.09.009","article-title":"Is residual memory variance a valid method for quantifying cognitive reserve? A longitudinal application","volume":"77","author":"Zahodne","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.2016.1139320","article-title":"Correlative factors of cognitive dysfunction in PD patients: a cross-sectional study from Southwest China","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib208","article-title":"Single- and dual-task gait performance and their diagnostic value in early-stage Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2019.05.026","article-title":"Alpha-synuclein gene polymorphism affects risk of dementia in Han Chinese with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"706","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2014.06.006","article-title":"Predictors of dementia in Parkinson\u2019s disease; findings from a 5-year prospective study using the SCOPA-COG","volume":"20","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Park. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672_bib211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-021-02445-9","article-title":"The protective impact of education on brain structure and function in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"21","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."}],"container-title":["Neuroscience &amp; Biobehavioral Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0149763424001416?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0149763424001416?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]],"date-time":"2025-01-25T19:09:32Z","timestamp":1737832172000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0149763424001416"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"references-count":211,"alternative-id":["S0149763424001416"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-7634"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-7634","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Influence of cognitive reserve on cognitive and motor function in \u03b1-synucleinopathies: A systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105672","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105672"}}