{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T18:23:59Z","timestamp":1788459839529,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuroscience &amp; Biobehavioral Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T02:19:19Z","timestamp":1778811559000},"page":"106751","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["From guillotine to EEG: Revisiting the neurological controversies of decapitation through modern neurophysiology"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"187","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0775-4625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Mathis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gwendal","family":"Le Masson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib1","article-title":"Essai th\u00e9orique et exp\u00e9rimental sur le galvanisme, avec une s\u00e9rie d\u2032exp\u00e9riences faites en pr\u00e9sence des commissaires de l\u2032Institut national de France, et en divers amphith\u00e9\u00e2tres anatomiques de Londres","author":"Aldini","year":"1804","journal-title":"Les. Fr. \u00e8Res Piranesi - J. Lucchesini"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1986.188.03.252","article-title":"1986 report of the AVMA Panel on euthanasia","volume":"188","author":"AVMA Panel","year":"1986","journal-title":"JAVMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib3","first-page":"669","article-title":"2000 report of the AVMA Panel on euthanasia","volume":"218","author":"AVMA Panel","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAVMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib4","first-page":"643","article-title":"Observation prise imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s d\u00e9capitation","volume":"20","author":"Beaurieux","year":"1905","journal-title":"Arch. Anthr. Crim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3542","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03889-z","article-title":"Characterizing the physiology of circulatory arrest in humans","volume":"31","author":"Bird","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib6","first-page":"155","article-title":"Note adress\u00e9e aux auteurs du Magasin encyclop\u00e9dique, sur l\u2032opinion de Messieurs Oelsner et Soemmering, et du citoyen Sue, touchant le supplice de la guillotine","volume":"5","author":"Cabanis","year":"1795","journal-title":"Mag. Encycl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib7","first-page":"434","article-title":"Note sur l\u2032opinion de MM. Oelner et Soemmering, et du citoyen Sue, touchant le supplice de la guillotine","volume":"1","author":"Cabanis","year":"1797","journal-title":"Mem. Soc. Med Emul Paris"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib8","series-title":"Du degr\u00e9 de certitude de la m\u00e9decine. Crapart","first-page":"321","article-title":"Note sur le supplice de la Guillotine","author":"Cabanis","year":"1803"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib9","series-title":"Champ Vallon","article-title":"Physiologie de la Veuve. Une histoire m\u00e9dicale de la Guillotine","author":"Carol","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib10","article-title":"Medical assistance in dying in Canada: a review of regulatory practice standards and guidance documents for physicians","volume":"19","author":"Close","year":"2025","journal-title":"Palliat. Care Soc. Pr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.24279","article-title":"Lazarus sign, a misnomer to an anatomical spinal reflex","volume":"39","author":"Costantini","year":"2026","journal-title":"Clin. Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(91)90391-N","article-title":"Pain perception in decapited rat brain","volume":"49","author":"Derr","year":"1991","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X16654496","article-title":"Recording, analysis, and interpretation of spreading depolarizations in neurointensive care: review and recommendations of the COSBID research group","volume":"37","author":"Dreier","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib14","unstructured":"Dumas, A., Le soufflet de Charlotte Corday. Les milles et un fant\u00f4mes. A. Cadot, Paris, 1849, pp. 147-182."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib15","series-title":"Les merveilles de la science","author":"Figuier","year":"1870"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib16","series-title":"La guillotine en 1793","author":"Fleischmann","year":"1908"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1353\/ecs.2004.0058","article-title":"The blonding of Charlotte Corday","volume":"38","author":"Gelbart","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eight Cent. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.11586","article-title":"Determination of brain death\/death by neurologic criteria: the World Brain Death Project","volume":"324","author":"Greer","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib19","series-title":"Articles sur les lois criminelles","author":"Guillotin","year":"1789"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-0362(92)90004-T","article-title":"Euthanasia by decapitation: evidence that this technique produces prompt, painless unconscioussness in laboratory rodents","volume":"14","author":"Holson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib21","series-title":"Le dernier jour d\u2032un condamn\u00e9","author":"Hugo","year":"1829"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib22","series-title":"Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine","first-page":"136","article-title":"Basic mechanisms of sleep-wake states","author":"Jones","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib23","first-page":"151","article-title":"Are there EEG correlates of mental states in animals?","volume":"26","author":"Klemm","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2011.11.041","article-title":"Restraining and neck cutting or stunning and neck cutting of veal calves","volume":"91","author":"Lambooij","year":"2012","journal-title":"Meat Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib25","series-title":"The neurology of consciousness: cognitive neuroscience and neuropathology","author":"Laureys","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib26","first-page":"213","article-title":"Au r\u00e9dacteur","volume":"54","author":"Lepelletier","year":"1795","journal-title":"Monit. Univ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1999.79.4.1431","article-title":"Ischemic cell death in brain neurons","volume":"79","author":"Lipton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2011-100109","article-title":"Where's Waldo? The 'decapitation gambit' and the definition of death","volume":"37","author":"Lizza","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Med Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib29","first-page":"327","article-title":"Consultation","volume":"4","author":"Louis","year":"1792","journal-title":"Monit. Univ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib30","first-page":"175","article-title":"EEG evaluation of humaneness of asphyxia and decapitation euthanasia of the laboratory rat","volume":"25","author":"Mikeska","year":"1975","journal-title":"Lab Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1136\/jme.2009.035196","article-title":"Decapitation and the definition of death","volume":"36","author":"Miller","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib32","first-page":"463","article-title":"Sur le supplice de la Guillotine, par le professeur Soemmering. Oelsner aux r\u00e9dacteurs du Magasin encyclop\u00e9dique","volume":"3","author":"Oelsner","year":"1795","journal-title":"Mag. Encycl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-023-02431-4","article-title":"A brain-based definition of death and criteria for its determination after arrest of circulation or neurologic function in Canada: a 2023 clinical practice guideline","volume":"70","author":"Shemie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Can. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1353\/tho.1985.0040","article-title":"The metaphysics of brain death, persistent vegetative state and dementia","volume":"49","author":"Shewmon","year":"1985","journal-title":"Thomist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib35","first-page":"468","article-title":"Sur le supplice de la Guillotine, par le professeur Soemmering. Lettre de M. Soemmering \u00e0 M","volume":"3","author":"Soemmering","year":"1795","journal-title":"Oelsner Mag. Encycl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib36","first-page":"422","article-title":"Sur le supplice de la guillotine (lettre du professeur Soemmering, publi\u00e9e par M. Oelsner)","volume":"1","author":"Soemmering","year":"1797","journal-title":"Mem. Soc. Med Emul Paris"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib37","first-page":"1886","article-title":"Decapitation of a pregnant sheep: a contribution to the brain death controversy","volume":"27","author":"Steinberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Transpl. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.1987.35377","article-title":"Slaughter methods: electroencephalographic (EEG) studies on spinal cord section, decapitation and gross trauma of the brain in lambs","volume":"35","author":"Tidswell","year":"1987","journal-title":"N. Z. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib39","first-page":"170","article-title":"Euthanasia and assisted suicide in neurological diseases: a systematic review","volume":"39","author":"Trejo-Gabriel-Galan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib40","article-title":"Decapitation in rats: latency of unconscioussness and the 'wave of death'","volume":"6","author":"Van Rijn","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(88)90780-9","article-title":"Neocortical and hippocampal electrical activity following decapitation in the rat","volume":"451","author":"Vanderwolf","year":"1988","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib42","first-page":"198","article-title":"Sur le supplice de la guillotine","volume":"50","author":"Wedekind","year":"1795","journal-title":"Monit. Univ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib43","series-title":"Ein Beitrag zur Physiologie und Psychologie","article-title":"Ueber Enthauptung im allgemein und \u00fcber Hinrichling Troer\u2019s insbesondere","author":"Wendt","year":"1803"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib44","series-title":"Oeuvres compl\u00e8tes","first-page":"491","article-title":"Pens\u00e9es et vision d\u2032une t\u00eate coup\u00e9e","author":"Wiertz","year":"1869"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib45","series-title":"Galvanische und elektrische Versuche an Menchen- und Thierk\u00f6rpern: angestellt von der Medizinischen Privatgesellschaft zu Mainz","first-page":"49","article-title":"Versuche \u00fcber Empfindung und Bewulfsteyn nach der Enthauptung","author":"Wittmann","year":"1804"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(81)90104-4","article-title":"The effects of age on the metabolic and electrical responses to decapitation in the awake and the anesthetized rat brain","volume":"16","author":"Zarchin","year":"1981","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."}],"container-title":["Neuroscience &amp; Biobehavioral Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0149763426002083?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0149763426002083?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T18:08:55Z","timestamp":1788458935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0149763426002083"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S0149763426002083"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-7634"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-7634","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"From guillotine to EEG: Revisiting the neurological controversies of decapitation through modern neurophysiology","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106751","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106751"}}