{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T13:43:21Z","timestamp":1786542201996,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":186,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004385","name":"Ghent University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004385","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T06:41:12Z","timestamp":1784702472000},"page":"106883","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The impact of heavy metal pollution on birds\u2019 behavior and cognition: A comprehensive review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"189","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8019-5842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charl\u00e8ne","family":"G\u00e9mard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Bottini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Lens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An","family":"Martel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick","family":"Verbruggen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5418","DOI":"10.1021\/es200647g","article-title":"Bird mercury concentrations change rapidly as chicks age: toxicological risk is highest at hatching and fledging","volume":"45","author":"Ackerman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. & Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.03.071","article-title":"Avian mercury exposure and toxicological risk across western North America: A synthesis","volume":"568","author":"Ackerman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5858","article-title":"Methylmercury Effects on Birds: A Review, Meta\u2010Analysis, and Development of Toxicity Reference Values for Injury Assessment Based on Tissue Residues and Diet","volume":"43","author":"Ackerman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0053-19.2019","article-title":"Vocal Motor Performance in Birdsong Requires Brain\u2013Body Interaction","volume":"6","author":"Adam","year":"2019","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1897\/07-466.1","article-title":"Effects of methylmercury and spatial complexity on foraging behaviour and foraging efficiency in juvenile white ibises (Eudocimus albus)","volume":"27","author":"Adams","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1897\/06-592R.1","article-title":"Effects of methylmercury on reproduction in American kestrels","volume":"26","author":"Albers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2018.1469398","article-title":"Trophic transfer, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification of non-essential hazardous heavy metals and metalloids in food chains\/webs\u2014Concepts and implications for wildlife and human health","volume":"25","author":"Ali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/126.suppl_4.1317S","article-title":"Avian metallothioneins: structure, regulation and evolution","volume":"126","author":"Andrews","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2023.101097","article-title":"Steroid-dependent plasticity in the song control system: Perineuronal nets and HVC neurogenesis","volume":"71","author":"Balthazart","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib10","article-title":"Population dynamics of the Common","author":"Barr","year":"1986","journal-title":"Loon (Gavia immer) Assoc. Mercury-Contam. Waters Northwest. Ont."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(77)90004-7","article-title":"Chronic effects of lead on schedule-controlled pigeon behaviour","volume":"42","author":"Barthalmus","year":"1977","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2022.06.080","article-title":"Spatial cognition in birds","volume":"32","author":"Ben-Tov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172330","article-title":"Sex- and age-specific mercury accumulation in a long-lived seabird","volume":"927","author":"Bertram","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122283","article-title":"Mercury levels in chicks of a long-lived seabird \u2013 parental effects and links with growth and survival","volume":"285","author":"Bertram","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12844","article-title":"Frontiers in quantifying wildlife behavioural responses to chemical pollution","volume":"97","author":"Bertram","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.3390\/jox15040117","article-title":"An Integrative Approach to Assessing the Impact of Mercury (Hg) on Avian Behaviour: From Molecule to Movement","volume":"15","author":"Bjedov","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. xenobiotics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2881","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.4250","article-title":"Organochlorines, perfluoroalkyl substances, mercury, and egg incubation temperature in an Arctic seabird: Insights from data loggers","volume":"37","author":"Bl\u00e9vin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.3390\/birds3020013","article-title":"Executive functions in birds","volume":"3","author":"Bobrowicz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Birds"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145739","article-title":"Feathers accurately reflect blood mercury at time of feather growth in a songbird","volume":"775","author":"Bottini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2023.04.004","article-title":"Methylmercury effects on avian brains","volume":"96","author":"Bottini","year":"2023","journal-title":"NeuroToxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2022.105261","article-title":"Effects of methylmercury and food stress on migratory activity in song sparrows, Melospiza melodia","volume":"146","author":"Bottini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"jeb246239","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.246239","article-title":"Effects of sublethal methylmercury and food stress on songbird energetic performance: metabolic rates, molt and feather quality","volume":"227","author":"Bottini","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620180911","article-title":"Effects of chronic, low concentrations of dietary methylmercury on the behaviour of juvenile great egrets","volume":"18","author":"Bouton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.5c00042","article-title":"Advancing the Spatiotemporal Dimension of Wildlife\u2013Pollution Interactions","volume":"12","author":"Brand","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. & Technol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115483","article-title":"Mercury causes degradation of spatial cognition in a model songbird species","volume":"264","author":"Brittain","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1023\/B:CBTO.0000029467.21231.12","article-title":"Mercury inhibits rat liver and kidney glucocorticoid receptor hormone binding activity","volume":"20","author":"Brklja\u010di\u0107","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell. Biol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2013.02.004","article-title":"Condition dependence, developmental plasticity, and cognition: implications for ecology and evolution","volume":"28","author":"Buchanan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(90)90196-O","article-title":"Behavioral effects of early postnatal lead exposure in herring gull (Larus argentatus) chicks","volume":"35","author":"Burger","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/43.2.155","article-title":"Effects of Lead on Sibling Recognition in Young Herring Gulls","volume":"43","author":"Burger","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1080\/15287398509530794","article-title":"Early postnatal lead exposure: behavioural effects in common tern chicks (Sterna hirundo)","volume":"16","author":"Burger","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/15287398809531151","article-title":"Lead and behavioural development: Effects of varying dosage and schedule on survival and performance of young common terns (Sterna hirundo)","volume":"24","author":"Burger","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1006\/faat.1993.1088","article-title":"Lead and behavioural Development in Young Herring Gulls: Effects of Timing of Exposure on Individual Recognition","volume":"21","author":"Burger","year":"1993","journal-title":"Fundam. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib33","first-page":"553","article-title":"behavioural impairments of lead-injected young herring gulls in nature. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology","volume":"23","author":"Burger","year":"1994"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(94)00290-Y","article-title":"Behavior effects of lead exposure on different days for gull (Larus argentatus) chicks","volume":"50","author":"Burger","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(95)00147-O","article-title":"Effects of varying temporal exposure to lead on behavioral development in herring gull (Larus argentatus) chicks","volume":"52","author":"Burger","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(94)00350-5","article-title":"Growth and behavioral effects of early postnatal chromium and manganese exposure in herring gull (Larus argentatus) chicks","volume":"50","author":"Burger","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1080\/109374000281096","article-title":"Effects of lead on birds (Laridae): A review of laboratory and field studies","volume":"3","author":"Burger","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part. B"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/S0147-6513(03)00035-6","article-title":"Effects of lead and exercise on endurance and learning in young herring gulls","volume":"57","author":"Burger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-004-0096-4","article-title":"Marine Birds as Sentinels of Environmental Pollution","volume":"1","author":"Burger","year":"2004","journal-title":"EcoHealth"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2005.01.005","article-title":"Effects of Lead on Learning in Herring Gulls: An Avian Wildlife Model for Neurobehavioral Deficits","volume":"26","author":"Burger","year":"2005","journal-title":"NeuroToxicology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3475","article-title":"Power failure: why small sample size undermines the reliability of neuroscience","volume":"14","author":"Button","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620090613","article-title":"Effects of arsenate on growth and physiology in mallard ducklings","volume":"9","author":"Camardese","year":"1990","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-014-1288-5","article-title":"Dietary mercury exposure causes decreased escape takeoff flight performance and increased molt rate in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)","volume":"23","author":"Carlson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfn158","article-title":"Behavioral, Morphological, and Biochemical Changes after In Ovo Exposure to Methylmercury in Chicks","volume":"106","author":"Carvalho","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib45","article-title":"Exposure to lead (Pb) contamination paradoxically heightens predator avoidance behaviors in an urban bird","author":"Chik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anim. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-017-1852-x","article-title":"Mercury alters initiation and construction of nests by zebra finches, but not incubation or provisioning behaviors","volume":"26","author":"Chin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"issue":"5874","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1154082","article-title":"The movement of aquatic mercury through terrestrial food webs","volume":"320","author":"Cristol","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(98)00037-2","article-title":"Limited effects of heavy metal pollution on foraging and breeding success in the curlew (Numenius arquata)","volume":"101","author":"Currie","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3472(05)80153-8","article-title":"Field experiments in animal behaviour: methods and ethics","volume":"42","author":"Cuthill","year":"1991","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-024-01062-0","article-title":"Exposure to Sublethal Concentrations of Lead (Pb) Affects Ecologically Relevant behaviors in House Sparrows (Passer domesticus)","volume":"86","author":"Di Liberto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(79)90333-8","article-title":"Effects of chronic lead administration on acquisition and performance of serial position sequences by pigeons","volume":"47","author":"Dietz","year":"1979","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics11070576","article-title":"Arsenic-Induced, Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptosis Is Associated with Decreased Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Coactivator in Rat Brains","volume":"11","author":"Ding","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.137674","article-title":"Effects of environmental metal pollution on reproduction of a free-living resident songbird, the tree sparrow (Passer montanus)","volume":"721","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390590885839","article-title":"Effects of Lead-Contaminated Sediment and Nutrition on Mallard Duckling behaviour and Growth","volume":"68","author":"Douglas-Stroebel","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part. A"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5729","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b06024","article-title":"Sublethal Lead Exposure Alters Movement behaviour in Free-Ranging Golden Eagles","volume":"51","author":"Ecke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. & Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-005-0145-x","article-title":"Pollution-related changes in diets of two insectivorous passerines","volume":"145","author":"Eeva","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.113190","article-title":"Mercury, legacy and emerging POPs, and endocrine-behavioural linkages: Implications of Arctic change in a diving seabird","volume":"212","author":"Esparza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib58","series-title":"Zero Pollution Monitoring and Outlook Report 2025","author":"European Environment Agency (EEA)","year":"2025"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-007-0168-7","article-title":"Adverse effects from environmental mercury loads on breeding common loons","volume":"17","author":"Evers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.2307\/3799603","article-title":"Effects of dietary methylmercury on red-tailed hawks","author":"Fimreite","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Manag."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2006.02.018","article-title":"A review of lead poisoning from ammunition sources in terrestrial birds","volume":"131","author":"Fisher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol. Conserv."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01685582","article-title":"Effects of lead nitrate ingestion on open-field behaviour of mallard ducklings","volume":"16","author":"Frederick","year":"1976","journal-title":"Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"issue":"1713","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2010.2189","article-title":"Altered pairing behaviour and reproductive success in white ibises exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of methylmercury","volume":"278","author":"Frederick","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib64","first-page":"48","article-title":"Assessing avian incubation behaviour in response to environmental pollution with temperature-humidity loggers","volume":"101","author":"Freyssinge","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ornis Fenn."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-36463-4","article-title":"Exposure to Pb impairs breeding success and is associated with longer lifespan in urban European blackbirds","volume":"9","author":"Fritsch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.12.072","article-title":"Environmentally relevant methylmercury exposure reduces the metabolic scope of a model songbird","volume":"246","author":"Gerson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.06.021","article-title":"Metal exposure influences the melanin and carotenoid-based colorations in great tits","volume":"532","author":"Giraudeau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01055517","article-title":"Effects of lead on growth and feeding behavior of young common terns (Sterna hirundo)","volume":"17","author":"Gochfeld","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.111850","article-title":"Male zebra finches exposed to lead (Pb) during development have reduced volume of song nuclei, altered sexual traits, and received less attention from females as adults","volume":"210","author":"Goodchild","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-005-0091-7","article-title":"Heavy metal pollution affects dawn singing behaviour in a small passerine bird","volume":"145","author":"Gorissen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.154017","article-title":"The impact of lead poisoning from ammunition sources on raptor populations in Europe","volume":"823","author":"Green","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1650\/CONDOR-17-19.1","article-title":"Attractiveness of male Zebra Finches is not affected by exposure to an environmental stressor, dietary mercury","volume":"120","author":"Greene","year":"2018","journal-title":"Condor"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c08399","article-title":"Anthropogenic Chemicals As Underestimated Drivers of Biodiversity Loss: Scientific and Societal Implications","volume":"56","author":"Groh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. & Technol."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10487","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b03548","article-title":"An Important Personality Trait Varies with Blood and Plumage Metal Concentrations in a Free-Living Songbird","volume":"53","author":"Grunst","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. & Technol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2054","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c08893","article-title":"Mercury Contamination Challenges the behavioural Response of a Keystone Species to Arctic Climate Change","volume":"57","author":"Grunst","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. & Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.11.383","article-title":"Personality and plasticity in neophobia levels vary with anthropogenic disturbance but not toxic metal exposure in urban great tits","volume":"656","author":"Grunst","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.141436","article-title":"Sources of individual variation in problem-solving performance in urban great tits (Parus major): Exploring effects of metal pollution, urban disturbance and personality","volume":"749","author":"Grunst","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.02.191","article-title":"Variation in personality traits across a metal pollution gradient in a free-living songbird","volume":"630","author":"Grunst","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-011-0377-9","article-title":"The convergent evolution of neural substrates for cognition","volume":"76","author":"G\u00fcnt\u00fcrk\u00fcn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-011-0694-1","article-title":"The role of weather in mediating the effect of mercury exposure on reproductive success in tree swallows","volume":"20","author":"Hallinger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1525\/auk.2009.09058","article-title":"Birdsong Differs between Mercury-polluted and Reference Sites","volume":"127","author":"Hallinger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Auk"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.110.4.831","article-title":"Hippocampal lesions impair memory for location but not color in passerine birds","volume":"110","author":"Hampton","year":"1996","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5396","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b07227","article-title":"Mercury Exposure and Altered Parental Nesting behaviour in a Wild Songbird","volume":"53","author":"Hartman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. & Technol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-019-02074-6","article-title":"Continuous exposure to mercury during embryogenesis and chick development affects later survival and reproduction of zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata)","volume":"29","author":"Heddle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9186","article-title":"Inhibition of axonal morphogenesis by nonlethal, submicromolar concentrations of methylmercury","volume":"174","author":"Heidemann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01685179","article-title":"Effects of methylmercury on approach and avoidance behavior of mallard ducklings","volume":"13","author":"Heinz","year":"1975","journal-title":"Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.2307\/3800567","article-title":"Methylmercury: Second-Generation Reproductive and Behavioral Effects on Mallard Ducks","volume":"40","author":"Heinz","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Manag."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.2307\/3800158","article-title":"Methylmercury: Second-Year Feeding Effects on Mallard Reproduction and Duckling Behavior","volume":"40","author":"Heinz","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Manag."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.2307\/3800348","article-title":"Methylmercury: Reproductive and Behavioral Effects on Three Generations of Mallard Ducks","volume":"43","author":"Heinz","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Manag."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620020406","article-title":"Altered avoidance behavior of young black ducks fed cadmium","volume":"2","author":"Heinz","year":"1983","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(81)90118-1","article-title":"Avoidance behavior of young black ducks treated with chromium","volume":"8","author":"Heinz","year":"1981","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-010-0367-2","article-title":"Behavioral ecotoxicology, an \u201cearly warning\u201d signal to assess environmental quality","volume":"18","author":"Hellou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179969","article-title":"Meta-analytical evidence for the endocrine-disrupting properties of mercury exposure in wild birds","volume":"991","author":"Hernandez-Gonzalez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.3688","article-title":"Mercury exposure may influence fluctuating asymmetry in waterbirds","volume":"36","author":"Herring","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2006.08.004","article-title":"Heavy metal load and dominance hierarchy in juvenile willow tits during winter","volume":"147","author":"Hogstad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(76)90189-1","article-title":"Time dependent effects produced in chicks after prenatal injection of methylmercury","volume":"4","author":"Hughes","year":"1976","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1525\/auk.2011.11106","article-title":"Mercury exposure affects the reproductive success of a free-living terrestrial songbird, the Carolina Wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus)","volume":"128","author":"Jackson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Auk"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-002-0133-7","article-title":"Effects of Heavy Metal Exposure on Aggressive behaviour in a Small Territorial Songbird","volume":"45","author":"Janssens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.03.001","article-title":"The molecular and systems biology of memory","volume":"157","author":"Kandel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-010-0475-2","article-title":"Effects of methylmercury exposure on the behaviour of captive-reared common loon (Gavia immer) chicks","volume":"19","author":"Kenow","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-011-0743-9","article-title":"Effects of injected methylmercury on the hatching of common loon (Gavia immer) eggs","volume":"20","author":"Kenow","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2015.02.024","article-title":"Risk-taking behaviors in zebra finches affected by mercury exposure","volume":"103","author":"Kobiela","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib103","first-page":"1150","article-title":"Alterations in apoptotic caspases and antioxidant enzymes in arsenic exposed rat brain regions: Reversal effect of essential metals and a chelating agent","volume":"6","author":"Kumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138207","article-title":"Global decrease in blood lead concentrations due to the removal of leaded gasoline","volume":"324","author":"Lacerda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)32226-3","article-title":"Methylmercury-induced changes in operant discrimination by the pigeon","volume":"214","author":"Laties","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2021.633947","article-title":"Animal Cognition in an Urbanised World","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.12.011","article-title":"Dietary exposure to methylmercury affects flight endurance in a migratory songbird","volume":"234","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"1929","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2024.0118","article-title":"How does cognition determine an individual\u2019s fitness? A systematic review of the links between cognition, behaviour and fitness in non-human animals","volume":"380","author":"Madden","year":"2025","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-011-0331-9","article-title":"Consensus paper: roles of the cerebellum in motor control \u2014 the diversity of ideas on cerebellar involvement in movement","volume":"11","author":"Manto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jav.03283","article-title":"Heavy metal pollution exposure affects egg coloration but not male provisioning effort in the pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca","volume":"2025","author":"Mari","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Avian Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2007.08.007","article-title":"Hormesis defined","volume":"7","author":"Mattson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.11.145","article-title":"Sub-lethal exposure to lead is associated with heightened aggression in an urban songbird","volume":"654","author":"McClelland","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-012-0994-0","article-title":"Relationship between blood mercury levels and components of male song in Nelson\u2019s sparrows (Ammodramus nelsoni)","volume":"21","author":"McKay","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2022.05.009","article-title":"Predicting the impacts of chemical pollutants on animal groups","volume":"37","author":"Michelangeli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.141437","article-title":"Lead contamination in raptors in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"748","author":"Moncl\u00fas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.2521","article-title":"Lifelong exposure to methylmercury disrupts stress-induced corticosterone response in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata)","volume":"33","author":"Moore","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-017-1890-4","article-title":"Ecologically-relevant exposure to methylmercury during early development does not affect adult phenotype in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata)","volume":"27","author":"Morran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib118","series-title":"Current Ornithology","first-page":"429","article-title":"Bird Populations as Indicators of Environmental Change","author":"Morrison","year":"1986"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.5539\/ep.v5n1p23","article-title":"Effects of Parental and Direct Methylmercury Exposure on Flight Activity in Young Homing Pigeons (Columba livia)","volume":"5","author":"Moye","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-007-0266-6","article-title":"behavioural impairments related to lead-induced developmental neurotoxicity in chicks","volume":"82","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1139\/z02-157","article-title":"Diving schedules of Common Loons in varying environments","volume":"80","author":"Nocera","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib122","article-title":"In Situ behavioural Response of Common Loons Associated with Elevated Mercury (Hg) Exposure","volume":"2","author":"Nocera","year":"1998","journal-title":"Conserv. Ecol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.10.016","article-title":"Effect of lead exposure on dopaminergic transmission in the rat brain","volume":"207","author":"NourEddine","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib124","first-page":"67","article-title":"Effect of methylated mercury on the diving frequency of the common loon","volume":"2","author":"Olsen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Ecol. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-009-0295-y","article-title":"Behavioral effects of cadmium (Cd) in free-living willow ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus)","volume":"56","author":"Pedersen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Wildl. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008836908985","article-title":"Effects of Cadmium on Parental behaviour in Free-Living Willow Ptarmigan Hens","volume":"8","author":"Pedersen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1093\/cz\/zox010","article-title":"Integrative behavioral ecotoxicology: bringing together fields to establish new insight to behavioral ecology, toxicology, and conservation","volume":"63","author":"Peterson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.32167","article-title":"A subcortical circuit linking the cerebellum to the basal ganglia engaged in vocal learning","volume":"7","author":"Pidoux","year":"2018","journal-title":"elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.11.099","article-title":"What do we know about lead contamination in wild vultures and condors? A review of decades of research","volume":"654","author":"Plaza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.1996.0107","article-title":"Motor constraints on vocal development in a songbird","volume":"51","author":"Podos","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1002\/jwmg.21378","article-title":"Lack of observed movement response to lead exposure of California condors","volume":"82","author":"Poessel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.08.052","article-title":"Implications of mercury and lead concentrations on breeding physiology and phenology in an Arctic bird","volume":"218","author":"Provencher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0080018","article-title":"Effects of Cadmium and Mercury on the Upper Part of Skeletal Muscle Glycolysis in Mice","volume":"9","author":"Ram\u00edrez-Bajo","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS. ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1977.tb10629.x","article-title":"Cadmium alters behaviour and the biosynthetic capacity for catecholamines and serotonin in neonatal rat brain 1","volume":"28","author":"Rastogi","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib135","article-title":"Warning on nine pollutants and their effects on avian communities","volume":"32","author":"Richard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob. Ecol. Conserv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2024.1450540","article-title":"Serotonin drives aggression and social behaviors of laboratory male mice in a semi-natural environment","volume":"18","author":"Rivalan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"issue":"6461","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw1313","article-title":"Decline of the North American avifauna","volume":"366","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(72)90105-1","article-title":"Methylmercury dicyandiamide: Retardation of detour learning in chicks hatched from injected eggs","volume":"11","author":"Rosenthal","year":"1972","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.168932","article-title":"Elevated lead (Pb) in urban European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) feathers is not correlated to physiology or behaviour","volume":"912","author":"Ross","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2013.04.007","article-title":"Methylmercury egg injections: Part 2\u2014Pathology, neurochemistry, and behaviour in the avian embryo and hatchling","volume":"93","author":"Rutkiewicz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2610","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-014-3498-z","article-title":"No delayed behavioral and phenotypic responses to experimental early-life lead exposure in great tits (Parus major)","volume":"22","author":"Ruuskanen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"issue":"1885","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib142","article-title":"Direct and indirect effects of chemical contaminants on the behaviour, ecology and evolution of wildlife","volume":"285","author":"Saaristo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib143","first-page":"512","article-title":"A review on exposure and effects of arsenic in passerine birds","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Virosta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib144","series-title":"Sturkie's avian physiology","author":"Scanes","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1893","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib145","article-title":"Stress behaviour and physiology of developing Arctic barnacle goslings (Branta leucopsis) is affected by legacy trace contaminants","volume":"285","author":"Scheiber","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0269-7491(87)90173-4","article-title":"The chronic toxicity of aluminium, cadmium, mercury, and lead in birds: A review","volume":"46","author":"Scheuhammer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-020-02270-9","article-title":"Mercury delays cerebellar development in a model songbird species, the zebra finch","volume":"29","author":"Scoville","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1139\/cjz-2012-0199","article-title":"Blood mercury levels and the stopover refueling performance of a long-distance migratory songbird","volume":"91","author":"Seewagen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-018-1971-z","article-title":"The threat of global mercury pollution to bird migration: Potential mechanisms and current evidence","volume":"29","author":"Seewagen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11470","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-15680-y","article-title":"Short-term mercury exposure disrupts muscular and hepatic lipid metabolism in a migrant songbird","volume":"12","author":"Seewagen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1007\/s10336-019-01641-2","article-title":"Stopover departure behavior and flight orientation of spring-migrant Yellow-rumped Warblers (Setophaga coronata) experimentally exposed to methylmercury","volume":"160","author":"Seewagen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Ornithol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib152","series-title":"Cognition, evolution, and behavior","author":"Shettleworth","year":"2009"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0269-7491(94)00102-J","article-title":"Influence of low-level cadmium and reduced calcium intake on tissue Cd concentrations and behaviour of American black ducks","volume":"90","author":"Silver","year":"1995","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"140","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0034-2016","article-title":"The exposome concept: a challenge and a potential driver for environmental health research","volume":"25","author":"Siroux","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.150882","article-title":"Exposure to cumulative stressors affects the laying phenology and incubation behaviour of an Arctic-breeding marine bird","volume":"807","author":"Smith","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib156","unstructured":"Society for Advancement of AOPs, 2026. AOP-Wiki. Available at: http:\/\/aopwiki.org (accessed 15 June 2026)."},{"issue":"1-3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(94)03176-8","article-title":"vitro toxicity of methyl mercury: effects on nerve growth factor (NGF)-responsive neurons and on NGF synthesis in fibroblasts","volume":"75","author":"S\u00f6derstr\u00f6m","year":"1995","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-36.3.423","article-title":"Histologic, neurologic, and immunologic effects of methylmercury in captive great egrets","volume":"36","author":"Spalding","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2009.06685.x","article-title":"Recovery of motor and cognitive function after cerebellar lesions in a songbird \u2013 role of estrogens","volume":"29","author":"Spence","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.02.021","article-title":"Methylmercury interferes with glucocorticoid receptor: Potential role in the mediation of developmental neurotoxicity","volume":"354","author":"Spulber","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1093\/cz\/zox007","article-title":"Exposure to dietary mercury alters cognition and behaviour of zebra finches","volume":"63","author":"Swaddle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Zool."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.2307\/3677139","article-title":"Plumage condition affects flight performance in common starlings: implications for developmental homeostasis, abrasion and moult","volume":"27","author":"Swaddle","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Avian Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.008","article-title":"Corticosterone, prolactin and egg neglect behaviour in relation to mercury and legacy POPs in a long-lived Antarctic bird","volume":"505","author":"Tartu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.12534","article-title":"Mercury exposure, stress and prolactin secretion in an Arctic seabird: An experimental study","volume":"30","author":"Tartu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2013.0317","article-title":"To breed or not to breed: Endocrine response to mercury contamination by an Arctic seabird","volume":"9","author":"Tartu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Lett."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0191390","article-title":"Egg turning behavior and incubation temperature in Forster\u2019s terns in relation to mercury contamination","volume":"13","author":"Taylor","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS. ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7643-8340-4_6","article-title":"Heavy metal toxicity and the environment","author":"Tchounwou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecular clinical environmental toxicology volume 3 environmental toxicology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.5115\/acb.19.125","article-title":"Microanatomy, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system of the visual cortex of rats following withdrawal from prolonged lead nitrate administration","volume":"53","author":"Tijani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anat. & Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/813749","article-title":"Interplay of Amygdala and Cingulate Plasticity in Emotional Fear","volume":"2011","author":"Toyoda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.12.191","article-title":"Mercury associated neurochemical response in Arctic barnacle goslings (Branta leucopsis)","volume":"624","author":"Van Den Brink","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2013.07.044","article-title":"Familial differences in the effects of mercury on reproduction in zebra finches","volume":"182","author":"Varian-Ramos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0095674","article-title":"Mercury Reduces Avian Reproductive Success and Imposes Selection: An Experimental Study with Adult- or Lifetime-Exposure in Zebra Finch","volume":"9","author":"Varian-Ramos","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS. ONE"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6031","DOI":"10.1021\/es803707f","article-title":"Suppressed adrenocortical responses and thyroid hormone levels in birds near a mercury-contaminated river","volume":"43","author":"Wada","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. & Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3740","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9312-1","article-title":"Lead Exposure Impairs Hippocampus Related Learning and Memory by Altering Synaptic Plasticity and Morphology During Juvenile Period","volume":"53","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1675\/063.037.0203","article-title":"Plumage coloration in belted kingfishers (Megaceryle alcyon) at a mercury-contaminated river","volume":"37","author":"White","year":"2014","journal-title":"Waterbirds"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620100707","article-title":"Effects of dietary boron and arsenic on the behaviour of mallard ducklings","volume":"10","author":"Whitworth","year":"1991","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib177","first-page":"157","article-title":"Environmental lead and wild birds: a review","volume":"245","author":"Williams","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106877","article-title":"Current understanding of hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] neurotoxicity and new perspectives","volume":"158","author":"Wise","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-017-0619-7","article-title":"Methylmercury Exposure Reduces the Auditory Brainstem Response of Zebra Finches (Taeniopygia guttata)","volume":"18","author":"Wolf","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620170203","article-title":"Effects of mercury on wildlife: A comprehensive review","volume":"17","author":"Wolfe","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/aru183","article-title":"Behavioral responses to changing environments","volume":"26","author":"Wong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2023.09.014","article-title":"Spatiotemporal trends in lead pollution worldwide over the past millennium","volume":"670","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Quat. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2017.01.001","article-title":"Assessment of neuroanatomical and behavioural effects of in ovo methylmercury exposure in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata)","volume":"59","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"NeuroToxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2023.114181","article-title":"Cadmium exposure-induced rat testicular dysfunction and its mechanism of chronic stress","volume":"182","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.03.074","article-title":"Chronic prenatal lead exposure impairs long-term memory in day old chicks","volume":"476","author":"Zhong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153717.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2023.153717","article-title":"Chronic Pb exposure impairs learning and memory abilities by inhibiting excitatory projection neuro-circuit of the hippocampus in mice","volume":"502","author":"Zou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxicology"}],"container-title":["Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0149763426003404?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0149763426003404?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T13:26:22Z","timestamp":1786541182000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0149763426003404"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":186,"alternative-id":["S0149763426003404"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-7634"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-7634","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The impact of heavy metal pollution on birds\u2019 behavior and cognition: A comprehensive review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106883","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106883"}}