{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T13:53:43Z","timestamp":1792850023597,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008666","name":"Fundaci\u00f3 la Marat\u00f3 de TV3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202201 30 31 32 33"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202201 30 31 32 33"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008666","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FPU23\/00932"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU23\/00932"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT2040972"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT2040972"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004895","name":"European Social Fund Plus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004895","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011033","name":"State Agency of Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PREP2022\\u2013001076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PREP2022\\u2013001076"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011033","name":"State Agency of Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2022\\u2013139081OB-C22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022\\u2013139081OB-C22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T15:57:51Z","timestamp":1784822271000},"page":"106889","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The reins of the midbrain: Task-based habenula function in healthy humans"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"189","author":[{"given":"Amat","family":"Surroca-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0360-8704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Medina-Osuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trevor","family":"Steward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carles","family":"Soriano-Mas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4165","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26337","article-title":"Significant heterogeneity in structural asymmetry of the habenula in the human brain: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Abuduaini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Human. Brain Mapp."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8909","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4369-12.2013","article-title":"The synchronous activity of lateral habenular neurons is essential for regulating hippocampal theta oscillation","volume":"33","author":"Aizawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal Neuroscience Official Journal Society Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.10.035","article-title":"The habenulo-raphe serotonergic circuit encodes an aversive expectation value essential for adaptive active avoidance of danger","volume":"84","author":"Amo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"EMBER","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib4","article-title":"Ongoing behavioral state information signaled in the lateral habenula guides choice flexibility in freely moving rats","volume":"9","author":"Baker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2023.1289407","article-title":"Quantitative and qualitative sex difference in habenula-induced inhibition of midbrain dopamine neurons in the rat","volume":"17","author":"Bell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(89)90393-5","article-title":"Cells of the rat lateral habenula respond to high-threshold somatosensory inputs","volume":"96","author":"Benabid","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"Number 3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28830","article-title":"Recent Advances in Habenula Imaging Technology: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"59","author":"Bian","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"issue":"1519","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib8","first-page":"1005","article-title":"The habenular nuclei: a conserved asymmetric relay station in the vertebrate brain","volume":"364","author":"Bianco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-017-0644-y","article-title":"Optimal database combinations for literature searches in systematic reviews: a prospective exploratory study","volume":"6","author":"Bramer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2902","article-title":"Lateral habenula neurons signal errors in the prediction of reward information","volume":"14","author":"Bromberg-Martin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib11","article-title":"The disappointment centre of the brain gets exciting: a systematic review of habenula dysfunction in depression","volume":"14","author":"Cameron","year":"2024"},{"issue":"6709","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.ado7010","article-title":"Brain region-specific action of ketamine as a rapid antidepressant","volume":"385","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science (New York N. Y. )"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.119139","article-title":"Reward and loss incentives improve spatial working memory by shaping trial-by-trial posterior frontoparietal signals","volume":"254","author":"Cho","year":"2022","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.06-03-00613.1986","article-title":"Stimulation of the lateral habenula inhibits dopamine-containing neurons in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area of the rat","volume":"6","author":"Christoph","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal Neuroscience Official Journal Society Neuroscience"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsaa150","article-title":"Neural responses reveal associations between personal values and value-based decisions","volume":"15","author":"Chuang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Social. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X12000477","article-title":"Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science","volume":"36","author":"Clark","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-0616-0","article-title":"Chemogenetic inhibition of lateral habenula projections to the dorsal raphe nucleus reduces passive coping and perseverative reward seeking in rats","volume":"45","author":"Coffey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol. Off. Publ. Am. Coll. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.04.006","article-title":"Aberrant Aversive Learning Signals in the Habenula in Remitted Patients With Recurrent Depression","volume":"10","author":"de Klerk-Sluis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience Neuroimaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib19","first-page":"1","article-title":"The lateral habenula as a master regulator of innate and learned social behaviors","author":"Dodis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23179","article-title":"Resting-state functional connectivity of the human habenula in healthy individuals: Associations with subclinical depression","volume":"37","author":"Ely","year":"2016","journal-title":"Human. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.06.015","article-title":"Detailed mapping of human habenula resting-state functional connectivity","volume":"200","author":"Ely","year":"2019","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.12.033","article-title":"Neural mechanism underlying depressive-like state associated with social status loss","volume":"186","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.08.004","article-title":"Light Affects Mood and Learning through Distinct Retina-Brain Pathways","volume":"175","author":"Fernandez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-0617-7","article-title":"Orexin signaling in GABAergic lateral habenula neurons modulates aggressive behavior in male mice","volume":"23","author":"Flanigan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2023.04.018","article-title":"Developmental Changes in Habenular and Striatal Social Reinforcement Responsivity Across Adolescence Linked With Substance Use","volume":"94","author":"Flannery","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib26","first-page":"4948","article-title":"The habenula in mood disorders: A systematic review of human studies","volume":"30","author":"Fortin","year":"2025"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2787","article-title":"The free-energy principle: a unified brain theory?","volume":"11","author":"Friston","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsw019","article-title":"Habenula responses to potential and actual loss in major depression: Preliminary evidence for lateralized dysfunction","volume":"11","author":"Furman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Social. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2418","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2013.142","article-title":"Interactions between the Lateral Habenula and the Hippocampus: Implication for Spatial Memory Processes","volume":"38","author":"Goutagny","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.113968","article-title":"The lateral habenula: A hub for value-guided behavior","volume":"43","author":"Groos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-024-01856-4","article-title":"A distinct hypothalamus-habenula circuit governs risk preference","volume":"28","author":"Groos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2602","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23194","article-title":"Asymmetry in functional connectivity of the human habenula revealed by high-resolution cardiac-gated resting state imaging","volume":"37","author":"H\u00e9tu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Human. Brain Mapp."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20970","article-title":"Central projections of melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells in the mouse","volume":"497","author":"Hattar","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0927-14.2015","article-title":"Distinct midbrain and habenula pathways are involved in processing aversive events in humans","volume":"35","author":"Hennigan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901730107","article-title":"Afferent connections of the habenular nuclei in the rat. A horseradish peroxidase study, with a note on the fiber-of-passage problem","volume":"173","author":"Herkenham","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901870103","article-title":"Efferent connections of the habenular nuclei in the rat","volume":"187","author":"Herkenham","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2866","article-title":"The habenula: from stress evasion to value-based decision-making","volume":"11","author":"Hikosaka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.837624","article-title":"Laterality and Sex Differences of Human Lateral Habenula Afferent and Efferent Fiber Tracts","volume":"16","author":"Hitti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2022.852235","article-title":"Response Flexibility: The Role of the Lateral Habenula","volume":"16","author":"Hones","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11457","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1384-11.2011","article-title":"Negative Reward Signals from the Lateral Habenula to Dopamine Neurons Are Mediated by Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus in Primates","volume":"31","author":"Hong","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib41","first-page":"277","article-title":"Circuits and functions of the lateral habenula in health and in disease","volume":"21","author":"Hu","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118308","article-title":"Neural substrates of human fear generalization: A 7T-fMRI investigation","volume":"239","author":"Huggins","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.70522","article-title":"Review: \u201cThe Disappointment Dilemma: Short- and Long-Term Learning From Negative Outcomes","volume":"63","author":"Iba\u00f1ez-Tallon","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2011.00025","article-title":"Error-related functional connectivity of the habenula in humans","author":"Ide","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Human. Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.02.001","article-title":"The Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus (RMTg), a GABAergic Afferent to Midbrain Dopamine Neurons, Encodes Aversive Stimuli and Inhibits Motor Responses","volume":"61","author":"Jhou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.01.064","article-title":"The human habenula is responsive to changes in luminance and circadian rhythm","volume":"189","author":"Kaiser","year":"2019","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khalighinejad, N., Priestley, L., Jbabdi, S., & Rushworth, M.F.S. (2020). Human decisions about when to act originate within a basal forebrain-nigral circuit. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5061\/dryad.prr4xgxhv.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1921211117"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26569-1","article-title":"A habenula-insular circuit encodes the willingness to act","volume":"12","author":"Khalighinejad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.10.042","article-title":"A mean three-dimensional atlas of the human thalamus: generation from multiple histologicall data","volume":"49","author":"Krauth","year":"2010","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-018-0032-x","article-title":"Impaired reward prediction error encoding and striatal-midbrain connectivity in depression","volume":"43","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-59611-7","article-title":"Habenula contributions to negative self-cognitions","volume":"16","author":"Kung","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.08.076","article-title":"Defining the habenula in human neuroimaging studies","volume":"64","author":"Lawson","year":"2013","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11858","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1323586111","article-title":"The habenula encodes negative motivational value associated with primary punishment in humans","volume":"111","author":"Lawson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.81","article-title":"Disrupted habenula function in major depression","volume":"22","author":"Lawson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib55","first-page":"6","article-title":"Aversive stimuli drive hypothalamus-to-habenula excitation to promote escape behavior","author":"Lecca","year":"2017","journal-title":"ELife"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300595","article-title":"Bilateral Lesions of the Habenula Induce Attentional Disturbances in Rats","volume":"30","author":"Lecourtier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2551","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0953-816X.2004.03356.x","article-title":"Habenula lesions cause impaired cognitive performance in rats: implications for schizophrenia","volume":"19","author":"Lecourtier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.06.062","article-title":"Error-specific medial cortical and subcortical activity during the stop signal task: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"155","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"6149","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1240729","article-title":"\u03b2CaMKII in lateral habenula mediates core symptoms of depression","volume":"341","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science (New York N. Y. )"},{"issue":"44","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2500815122","article-title":"Habenula\u2013ventral tegmental area functional coupling and risk aversion in humans","volume":"122","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsx074","article-title":"Association between habenula dysfunction and motivational symptoms in unmedicated major depressive disorder","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Social. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-022-00885-y","article-title":"Sexual Dimorphism of Inputs to the Lateral Habenula in Mice","volume":"38","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib63","series-title":"Atlas of the Human Brain","author":"Mai","year":"2008"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2642","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac456","article-title":"Risk and aversion coding in human habenula high gamma activity","volume":"146","author":"Manssuer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2843","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.140","article-title":"Excitatory Transmission to the Lateral Habenula Is Critical for Encoding and Retrieval of Spatial Memory","volume":"40","author":"Mathis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"7148","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05860","article-title":"Lateral habenula as a source of negative reward signals in dopamine neurons","volume":"447","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2233","article-title":"Representation of negative motivational value in the primate lateral habenula","volume":"12","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14008","article-title":"The medial habenula and interpeduncular nucleus circuitry is critical in addiction, anxiety, and mood regulation","volume":"142","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-28446-x","article-title":"vivo multi-parameter mapping of the habenula using MRI","volume":"13","author":"Milotta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2017.06.001","article-title":"The Lateral Habenula and Adaptive Behaviors","volume":"40","author":"Mizumori","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-018-0010-7","article-title":"Foraging for foundations in decision neuroscience: insights from ethology","volume":"19","author":"Mobbs","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-3703","article-title":"The amygdala network for processing itch in human brains","volume":"100","author":"Mochizuki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Derm. -Venereol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2021.615313","article-title":"The Neural Correlates of Cued Reward Omission","volume":"15","author":"Mollick","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Human. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2017.00552","article-title":"Dynamics of intersubject brain networks during anxious anticipation","volume":"11","author":"Najafi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Human. Neurosci."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5331","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0021-08.2008","article-title":"Reward-Dependent Modulation of Neuronal Activity in the Primate Dorsal Raphe Nucleus","volume":"28","author":"Nakamura","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14399","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6456-10.2011","article-title":"Distinct roles of three frontal cortical areas in reward-guided behavior","volume":"31","author":"Noonan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib77","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180063","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2018.63","article-title":"A high-resolution probabilistic in vivo atlas of human subcortical brain nuclei","volume":"5","author":"Pauli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2022.08.016","article-title":"Tonic activity in lateral habenula neurons acts as a neutral valence brake on reward-seeking behavior","volume":"32","author":"Post","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3779","article-title":"Reward processing by the lateral habenula in normal and depressive behaviors","volume":"17","author":"Proulx","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23662","article-title":"Efferent pathways of the mouse lateral habenula","volume":"523","author":"Quina","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-020-02069-8","article-title":"Untangling the dorsal diencephalic conduction system: a review of structure and function of the stria medullaris, habenula and fasciculus retroflexus","volume":"225","author":"Roman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Struct. & Funct."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.161","article-title":"Dissociable Effects of Cocaine Dependence on Reward Processes: The Role of Acute Cocaine and Craving","volume":"42","author":"Rose","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5025","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.280065","article-title":"Intrinsic and extrinsic cues regulate the daily profile of mouse lateral habenula neuronal activity","volume":"592","author":"Sakhi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib85","first-page":"1","article-title":"BOLD responses to negative reward prediction errors in human habenula","volume":"4","author":"Salas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front. Human. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.08.027","article-title":"Remission of Major Depression Under Deep Brain Stimulation of the Lateral Habenula in a Therapy-Refractory Patient","volume":"67","author":"Sartorius","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2011.00038","article-title":"Caudate nucleus signals for breaches of expectation in a movement observation paradigm","author":"Schiffer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Human. Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036445","article-title":"Surprised at all the entropy: Hippocampal, caudate and midbrain contributions to learning from prediction errors","volume":"7","author":"Schiffer","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS. ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.02.052","article-title":"Challenges and opportunities for brainstem neuroimaging with ultrahigh field MRI","volume":"168","author":"Sclocco","year":"2018","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2633","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00012.2012","article-title":"Mapping pain activation and connectivity of the human habenula","volume":"107","author":"Shelton","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2012.01.004","article-title":"Unmasking the mysteries of the habenula in pain and analgesia","volume":"96","author":"Shelton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Progress. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbj083","article-title":"Schizophrenia in translation: the presence of absence: habenular regulation of dopamine neurons and the encoding of negative outcomes","volume":"32","author":"Shepard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2023.0034","article-title":"Investigating Habenula Functional Connectivity and Reward-Related Activity in Obesity Using Human Connectome Project Data","volume":"13","author":"Slomp","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Connect."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3145","article-title":"Activation of lateral habenula inputs to the ventral midbrain promotes behavioral avoidance","volume":"15","author":"Stamatakis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3587","article-title":"What\u2019s better for me? Fundamental role for lateral habenula in promoting subjective decision biases","volume":"17","author":"Stopper","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24252","article-title":"High-resolution MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging of the human habenula at 7 tesla","volume":"39","author":"Strotmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging. JMRI"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib97","series-title":"Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain: 3-Dimensional Proportional System: An Approach to Cerebral Imaging","author":"Talairach","year":"1988"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4185","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae209","article-title":"A prefrontal-habenular circuitry regulates social fear behaviour","volume":"147","author":"Tian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain A J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.10.034","article-title":"Resting state connectivity of the human habenula at ultra-high field","volume":"147","author":"Torrisi","year":"2017","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2410955121","article-title":"A distributed subcortical circuit linked to instrumental information-seeking about threat","volume":"122","author":"Trier","year":"2025","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ullsperger, M., & Yves Von Cramon, D. (2003). Error Monitoring Using External Feedback: Specific Roles of the Habenular Complex, the Reward System, and the Cingulate Motor Area Revealed by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging.","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-10-04308.2003"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(98)00006-9","article-title":"The fasciculus retroflexus controls the integrity of REM sleep by supporting the generation of hippocampal theta rhythm and rapid eye movements in rats","volume":"47","author":"Valjakka","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3465","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12353","article-title":"Functional integrity of the habenula is necessary for social play behaviour in rats","volume":"38","author":"van Kerkhof","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"FEB","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib104","article-title":"The neural basis of deception in strategic interactions","volume":"9","author":"Volz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.23045","article-title":"Learning shapes the aversion and reward responses of lateral habenula neurons","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"ELife"},{"issue":"4298","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1126\/science.194312","article-title":"Physiological Evidence for Habenula as Major Link Between Forebrain and Midbrain Raphe","volume":"197","author":"Wang","year":"1977","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2021.05.013","article-title":"Avoiding monetary loss: A human habenula functional MRI ultra-high field study","volume":"142","author":"Weidacker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"JUNE","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib108","article-title":"Effects of informative and confirmatory feedback on brain activation during negative feedback processing","volume":"9","author":"Woo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Human. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2017.10.024","article-title":"Lateral habenula in the pathophysiology of depression","volume":"48","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"7692","key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25509","article-title":"Ketamine blocks bursting in the lateral habenula to rapidly relieve depression","volume":"554","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2020.00165","article-title":"Importance of the Habenula for Avoidance Learning Including Contextual Cues in the Human Brain: A Preliminary fMRI Study","volume":"14","author":"Yoshino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Human. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0149763426003465?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0149763426003465?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T13:32:06Z","timestamp":1786541526000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0149763426003465"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":111,"alternative-id":["S0149763426003465"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-7634"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-7634","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The reins of the midbrain: Task-based habenula function in healthy humans","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2026.106889","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106889"}}