{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T02:54:57Z","timestamp":1789008897957,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004320","name":"Shiraz University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004320","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","em-consulte.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurophysiologie Clinique"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T23:55:22Z","timestamp":1622591722000},"page":"319-328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Gholami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Nami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Shamsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khojaste Rahimi","family":"Jaberi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Babak","family":"Kateb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3402-6060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abbas","family":"Rahimi Jaberi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0005","first-page":"169","article-title":"Studies on the bottom-up and top-down neural information flow alterations in neurodegeneration","volume":"78","author":"Alipour","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Alz Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00147","article-title":"Prefrontal tDCS decreases pain in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"10","author":"Ayache","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.05.029","article-title":"Cortical sources of resting state electroencephalographic rhythms differ in relapsing\u2013remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"127","author":"Babiloni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2002.00450.x","article-title":"Health\u2010related quality of life and its relationship to cognitive and emotional functioning in multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"9","author":"Benito\u2010Leon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1159\/000478008","article-title":"Assessing capacity in the elderly: comparing the MoCA with a novel computerized battery of executive function","volume":"7","author":"Brenkel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.9839","article-title":"Effect of radiosurgery alone vs radiosurgery with whole brain radiation therapy on cognitive function in patients with 1 to 3 brain metastases: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"316","author":"Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2009.174","article-title":"Cortical lesions and atrophy associated with cognitive impairment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis","volume":"66","author":"Calabrese","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2016.11.015","article-title":"Effects of left DLPFC versus right PPC tDCS on multiple sclerosis fatigue","volume":"372","author":"Chalah","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70259-X","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis","volume":"7","author":"Chiaravalloti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1080\/23279095.2014.949717","article-title":"Evaluating neurocognitive deficits in patients with multiple sclerosis via a brief neuropsychological approach","volume":"22","author":"Davis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl Neuropsychol Adult"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2014.08.043","article-title":"Effects of tDCS on executive function in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"582","author":"Doruk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.06.006","article-title":"tDCS to the left DLPFC modulates cognitive and physiological correlates of executive function in a state-dependent manner","volume":"12","author":"Dubreuil-Vall","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4155","article-title":"Associations between cognitively stimulating leisure activities, cognitive function and age\u2010related cognitive decline","volume":"30","author":"Ferreira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000317060.43722.a3","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation improves recognition memory in Alzheimer disease","volume":"71","author":"Ferrucci","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0075","first-page":"121","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for fatigue in multiple sclerosis","volume":"34","author":"Ferrucci","year":"2014","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-8754-6","article-title":"Electrophysiological and behavioral effects of frontal transcranial direct current stimulation on cognitive fatigue in multiple sclerosis","volume":"265","author":"Fiene","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.06.022","article-title":"Fractionating human intelligence","volume":"76","author":"Hampshire","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.1241","article-title":"Association of cortical lesion burden on 7-T magnetic resonance imaging with cognition and disability in multiple sclerosis","volume":"72","author":"Harrison","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Neuol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0215203","article-title":"Feasibility of a web-based neurocognitive battery for assessing cognitive function in critical illness survivors","volume":"14","author":"Honarmand","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000152986.07469.E9","article-title":"Safety and cognitive effect of frontal DC brain polarization in healthy individuals","volume":"64","author":"Iyer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-018-0967-9","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation to assist experienced pistol shooters in gaining even-better performance scores","volume":"18","author":"Kamali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0220363","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation to enhance athletic performance outcome in experienced bodybuilders","volume":"14","author":"Kamali","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.06.253","article-title":"Exploring resting-state EEG brain oscillatory activity in relation to cognitive functioning in multiple sclerosis","volume":"128","author":"Keune","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2016.11.026","article-title":"Structural networks involved in attention and executive functions in multiple sclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Llufriu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.03.015","article-title":"The influence of mental fatigue and motivation on neural network dynamics; an EEG coherence study","volume":"1270","author":"Lorist","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.02.012","article-title":"Cognitive functioning in idiopathic generalised epilepsies: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Loughman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458515587597","article-title":"Neuroenhancement through cognitive training and anodal tDCS in multiple sclerosis","volume":"22","author":"Mattioli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.07.159","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation in mild cognitive impairment: behavioral effects and neural mechanisms","volume":"11","author":"Meinzer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2009.08.011","article-title":"Effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on chronic neuropathic pain in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Mori","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2008.06.004","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation: state of the art 2008","volume":"1","author":"Nitsche","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0155","first-page":"463","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation\u2014update 2011","volume":"29","author":"Nitsche","year":"2011","journal-title":"Restor Neurol Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09042","article-title":"Putting brain training to the test","volume":"465","author":"Owen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.09.014","article-title":"Non-invasive brain stimulation therapy in multiple sclerosis: a review of tDCS, rTMS and ECT results","volume":"7","author":"Palm","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1076\/jcen.20.3.310.823","article-title":"The repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status (RBANS): preliminary clinical validity","volume":"20","author":"Randolph","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5064","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61866-7","article-title":"Resting-state EEG activity predicts frontoparietal network reconfiguration and improved attentional performance","volume":"10","author":"Rogala","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2007.02.006","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: evidence-based analysis and recommendations","volume":"14","author":"Rogers","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41983-018-0037-8","article-title":"Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on cognitive function in stroke patients","volume":"54","author":"Shaker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Egypt J Neurol Psychiatr Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2018.02.003","article-title":"Results from a feasibility study of square-stepping exercise in older adults with type 2 diabetes and self-reported cognitive complaints to improve global cognitive functioning","volume":"42","author":"Shellington","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can J Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858410386614","article-title":"Physiological basis of transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"17","author":"Stagg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics9030114","article-title":"Thirty-five years of computerized cognitive assessment of aging\u2014where are we now?","volume":"9","author":"Sternin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acs113","article-title":"Cognitive impairment has a strong relation to nonsomatic symptoms of depression in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis","volume":"28","author":"Sundgren","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)00910-0","article-title":"Neuropsychologic impairments in bipolar and unipolar mood disorders on the CANTAB neurocognitive battery","volume":"48","author":"Sweeney","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2","article-title":"Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria","volume":"17","author":"Thompson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.explore.2017.10.010","article-title":"Effects of single-session group mantra-meditation on salivary immunoglobulin a and affective state: a psychoneuroimmunology viewpoint","volume":"14","author":"Torkamani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Explore (NY)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-013-3089-6","article-title":"Effects of nicotine withdrawal on cognition in a clinical trial setting","volume":"229","author":"Wesnes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychopharmacolgy (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.03.010","article-title":"Impaired information processing speed and attention allocation in multiple sclerosis patients versus controls: a high-density EEG study","volume":"293","author":"Whelan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.11.012","article-title":"A technical guide to tDCS, and related non-invasive brain stimulation tools","volume":"127","author":"Woods","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2017.06.048","article-title":"The effects of higher temperature setpoints during summer on office workers\u2019 cognitive load and thermal comfort","volume":"123","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Build Environ"}],"container-title":["Neurophysiologie Clinique"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0987705321000678?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0987705321000678?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T09:03:10Z","timestamp":1760864590000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0987705321000678"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0987705321000678"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0987-7053"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0987-7053","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neurophysiologie Clinique","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.05.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}