{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T09:50:08Z","timestamp":1744365008161},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurochemistry International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.10.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,22]],"date-time":"2009-10-22T08:57:19Z","timestamp":1256201839000},"page":"208-212","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Promethazine protects against 3-nitropropionic acid-induced neurotoxicity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Carine","family":"Cleren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noel Y.","family":"Calingasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anatoly","family":"Starkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carine","family":"Jacquard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junya","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Brouillet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Flint","family":"Beal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.10.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3767","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.74.9.3767","article-title":"3-Nitropropionate, the toxic substance of Indigofera, is a suicide inactivator of succinate dehydrogenase","volume":"74","author":"Alston","year":"1977","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.10.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1038\/1931256a0","article-title":"Limitations of the phenazine methosulfate assay for succinic and related dehydrogenases","volume":"193","author":"Arrigon","year":"1962","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.10.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M703484200","article-title":"Kinetic model for CA2+-induced permeability transition in energized liver mitochondria discriminates between inhibitor mechanisms","volume":"283","author":"Baranov","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.10.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1995.65020919.x","article-title":"3-Nitropropionic acid neurotoxicity is attenuated in copper\/zinc superoxide dismutase transgenic mice","volume":"65","author":"Beal","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.10.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4181","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-10-04181.1993","article-title":"Neurochemical and histologic characterization of striatal excitotoxic lesions produced by the mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid","volume":"13","author":"Beal","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.10.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2005.04.030","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of zVAD against the neurotoxin 3-nitropropionic acid involves inhibition of calpain","volume":"49","author":"Bizat","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.10.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5020","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-12-05020.2003","article-title":"Calpain is a major cell death effector in selective striatal degeneration induced in vivo by 3-nitropropionate: implications for Huntington's disease","volume":"23","author":"Bizat","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.10.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43245","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M305057200","article-title":"In vivo calpain\/caspase cross-talk during 3-nitropropionic acid-induced striatal degeneration: implication of a calpain-mediated cleavage of active caspase-3","volume":"278","author":"Bizat","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.10.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(01)00003-X","article-title":"Molecular pathways involved in the neurotoxicity of 6-OHDA, dopamine and MPTP: contribution to the apoptotic theory in Parkinson's disease","volume":"65","author":"Blum","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.10.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(99)00047-6","article-title":"Oxidative stress is attenuated in mice overexpressing BCL-2","volume":"262","author":"Bogdanov","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.10.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03515.x","article-title":"3-Nitropropionic acid: a mitochondrial toxin to uncover physiopathological mechanisms underlying striatal degeneration in Huntington's disease","volume":"95","author":"Brouillet","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.10.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(99)00005-2","article-title":"Replicating Huntington's disease phenotype in experimental animals","volume":"59","author":"Brouillet","year":"1999","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.10.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410410514","article-title":"Oxidative damage and metabolic dysfunction in Huntington's disease: selective vulnerability of the basal ganglia","volume":"41","author":"Browne","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.10.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddh162","article-title":"Mutant huntingtin directly increases susceptibility of mitochondria to the calcium-induced permeability transition and cytochrome c release","volume":"13","author":"Choo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.10.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2005.05.022","article-title":"Promethazine protects against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine neurotoxicity","volume":"20","author":"Cleren","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.10.006_bib16","series-title":"Huntington's Disease","author":"Harper","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.10.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-5085fje","article-title":"Brain mitochondrial defects amplify intracellular. (Ca2+) rise and neurodegeneration but not Ca2+ entry during NMDA receptor activation","volume":"20","author":"Jacquard","year":"2006","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.10.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.02263.x","article-title":"Mice deficient in dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase show increased vulnerability to MPTP, malonate and 3-nitropropionic acid neurotoxicity","volume":"88","author":"Klivenyi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.10.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1177\/44.5.8627010","article-title":"Electron microscopic demonstration of intracellular promethazine accumulation sites by a precipitation technique: application to the cerebellar cortex of the mouse","volume":"44","author":"Muller","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.10.006_bib20","first-page":"102","article-title":"Promethazine: a novel application as a neuroprotectant that reduces ischemia-mediated injury by inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"51","author":"Narayanan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.10.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-0186(02)00229-2","article-title":"Influence of cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+, ATP, mitochondrial membrane potential, and calpain activity on the mechanism of neuron death induced by 3-nitropionic acid","volume":"43","author":"Nasr","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.10.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(00)00020-8","article-title":"Major strain differences in response to chronic systemic administration of the mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid in rats: implication for neuroprotection studies","volume":"97","author":"Ouary","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.10.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1038\/nn884","article-title":"Early mitochondrial calcium defects in Huntington's disease are a direct effect of polyglutamines","volume":"5","author":"Panov","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.10.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1995.64052239.x","article-title":"Involvement of free radicals in excitotoxicity in vivo","volume":"64","author":"Schulz","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.10.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22925","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M414635200","article-title":"Induction of the Nrf2-driven antioxidant response confers neuroprotection during mitochondrial stress in vivo","volume":"280","author":"Shih","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.10.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20032053","article-title":"Clinically approved heterocyclics act on a mitochondrial target and reduce stroke-induced pathology","volume":"200","author":"Stavrovskaya","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.10.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(97)00827-6","article-title":"3-Nitropropionic acid induces poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and apoptosis related gene expression in the striatum in vivo","volume":"237","author":"Sugino","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.10.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90585-E","article-title":"A novel gene containing a trinucleotide repeat that is expanded and unstable on Huntington's disease chromosomes","volume":"72","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.10.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2007.05663.x","article-title":"Nortriptyline delays disease onset in models of chronic neurodegeneration","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.10.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.07.012","article-title":"A novel azulenyl nitrone antioxidant protects against MPTP and 3-nitropropionic acid neurotoxicities","volume":"191","author":"Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.10.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5757","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005757","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of the triterpenoid, CDDO methyl amide, a potent inducer of Nrf-2 mediated transcription","volume":"4","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.10.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06074.x","article-title":"Combination therapy with coenzyme Q10 and creatine produces additive neuroprotective effects in models of Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases","volume":"209","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.10.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2004.07.021","article-title":"A novel systematically active caspase inhibitor attenuates the toxicities of MPTP, malonate and 3NP in vivo","volume":"17","author":"Yang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."}],"container-title":["Neurochemistry International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0197018609002964?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0197018609002964?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]],"date-time":"2019-05-23T05:37:18Z","timestamp":1558589838000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0197018609002964"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0197018609002964"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.10.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0197-0186"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0197-0186","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}}}