{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:06:47Z","timestamp":1790644007996,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":242,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]],"date-time":"2011-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1296518400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurochemistry International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,4]],"date-time":"2010-12-04T09:31:07Z","timestamp":1291455067000},"page":"248-260","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Modeling neurodegenerative disease pathophysiology in thiamine deficiency: Consequences of impaired oxidative metabolism"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Shivraj S.","family":"Jhala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan S.","family":"Hazell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-198405000-00006","article-title":"Low energy levels in thiamine-deficient encephalopathy","volume":"43","author":"Aikawa","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.8.1105","article-title":"Inflammatory mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease: implications for therapy","volume":"151","author":"Aisen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0015","first-page":"135","article-title":"Beriberi and scurvy","volume":"64","author":"Alexander","year":"1938","journal-title":"Trans. Am. Neurol. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-81553-9_53","article-title":"Abnormalities in the macroscopically normal white matter in cases of mild or spinal multiple sclerosis (MS)","volume":"7","author":"Allen","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02876971","article-title":"Cognitive rehabilitation of chronic alcohol abusers","volume":"7","author":"Allen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuropsychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01001012","article-title":"The effect of thiamine deficiency on the structure and physiology of the rat forebrain","volume":"3","author":"Armstrong-James","year":"1988","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4155","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.8.4155","article-title":"Excitatory amino acid transporter 5, a retinal glutamate transporter coupled to a chloride conductance","volume":"94","author":"Arriza","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-4160(03)00141-6","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of calcium-dependent neurodegeneration in excitotoxicity","volume":"34","author":"Arundine","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell Calcium"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1997.68052086.x","article-title":"Amyloid \u03b2-peptides increase annular and bulk fluidity and induce lipid peroxidation in brain synaptic plasma membranes","volume":"68","author":"Avdulov","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.11-01-00147.1991","article-title":"Neurochemical characterization of excitotoxin lesions in the cerebral cortex","volume":"11","author":"Beal","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06338.x","article-title":"Endothelial NOS mediates blood\u2013brain barrier alterations in the thiamine-deficient mouse brain","volume":"111","author":"Beauchesne","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.03.014","article-title":"Altered expression of tight junction proteins and matrix metalloproteinases in thiamine-deficient mouse brain","volume":"55","author":"Beauchesne","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.08.022","article-title":"Up-regulation of caveolin-1 and blood\u2013brain barrier breakdown are attenuated by N-acetylcysteine in thiamine deficiency","volume":"57","author":"Beauchesne","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf180","article-title":"Impaired glutamate transport and glutamate\u2013glutamine cycling: downstream effects of the Huntington mutation","volume":"125","author":"Behrens","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(87)91287-X","article-title":"Peripheral-type benzodiazepine binding sites are a sensitive index of neuronal damage","volume":"421","author":"Benavides","year":"1987","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340100645","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted MR in reversible Wernicke encephalopathy","volume":"43","author":"Bergui","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01991194","article-title":"Thiamine in excitable tissues: reflections on a non-cofactor role","volume":"9","author":"Bettendorff","year":"1994","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1997.68051870.x","article-title":"Amyloid \u03b2-peptide induces cell monolayer albumin permeability, impairs glucose transport, and induces apoptosis in vascular endothelial cells","volume":"68","author":"Blanc","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(71)90109-2","article-title":"Encephalitis with acute Parkinsonian syndrome and bilateral inflammatory necrosis of the substantia nigra","volume":"12","author":"Bojinov","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.1048","article-title":"Rapid astrocyte death induced by transient hypoxia, acidosis, and extracellular ion shifts","volume":"34","author":"Bondarenko","year":"2001","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-193911000-00001","article-title":"Observations of role of vitamin B1 in the etiology and treatment of Korsakoff psychosis","volume":"90","author":"Bowman","year":"1939","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1993.tb05859.x","article-title":"Age-dependent vulnerability of the striatum to the mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid","volume":"60","author":"Brouillet","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0115","first-page":"229","article-title":"Neurodegeneration and oxidative stress: prion disease results from loss of antioxidant defence","volume":"43","author":"Brown","year":"2005","journal-title":"Folia Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01001778","article-title":"Cerebral thiamine-dependent enzyme changes in experimental Wernicke's encephalopathy","volume":"1","author":"Butterworth","year":"1986","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01991777","article-title":"Pathophysiology of alcoholic brain damage: synergistic effects of ethanol, thiamine deficiency and alcoholic liver disease","volume":"10","author":"Butterworth","year":"1995","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1989.tb01850.x","article-title":"Effect of pyrithiamine treatment and subsequent thiamine rehabilitation on regional cerebral amino acids and thiamine-dependent enzymes","volume":"52","author":"Butterworth","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00997071","article-title":"Thiamine-dependent enzyme changes in temporal cortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease","volume":"5","author":"Butterworth","year":"1990","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0140","first-page":"115","article-title":"Lysosomal abnormalities in the pyramidal cells of the rat medial prefrontal cortex after chronic alcohol consumption and withdrawal","volume":"20","author":"Cadete-Leite","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Submicrosc. Cytol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05625-2","article-title":"In-vivo measurement of activated microglia in dementia","volume":"358","author":"Cagnin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)00136-E","article-title":"Accumulation of amyloid precursor protein-like immunoreactivity in rat brain in response to thiamine deficiency","volume":"677","author":"Calingasan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1995.1037","article-title":"Blood\u2013brain barrier abnormalities in vulnerable brain regions during thiamine deficiency","volume":"134","author":"Calingasan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0160","first-page":"1063","article-title":"Novel neuritic clusters with accumulations of amyloid precursor protein and amyloid precursor-like protein 2 immunoreactivity in brain regions damaged by thiamine deficiency","volume":"149","author":"Calingasan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199909000-00005","article-title":"Oxidative stress is associated with region-specific neuronal death during thiamine deficiency","volume":"58","author":"Calingasan","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/59.3.207","article-title":"Vascular factors are critical in selective neuronal loss in an animal model of impaired oxidative metabolism","volume":"59","author":"Calingasan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-3042.2001.00681.x","article-title":"\u03b2-Amyloid inhibits integrated mitochondrial respiration and key enzyme activities","volume":"80","author":"Casley","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-004-0222-x","article-title":"Brain SPECT findings in Wernicke's encephalopathy","volume":"25","author":"Celik","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1492(199911)12:7<451::AID-NBM571>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Quantitative 13C NMR studies of metabolic compartmentation in the adult mammalian brain","volume":"12","author":"Cruz","year":"1999","journal-title":"NMR Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-002-1436-x","article-title":"Acute lactic acidosis with Wernicke's encephalopathy due to acute thiamine deficiency","volume":"28","author":"Chadda","year":"2002","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.04.095","article-title":"Astrocytes respond to thiamine deficiency-induced swelling by downregulating aquaporin-4 levels","volume":"366","author":"Chan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1993.tb00718.x","article-title":"Brain lesions in alcoholics","volume":"17","author":"Charness","year":"1993","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.59.1.123","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted imaging abnormalities in Wernicke encephalopathy: reversible cytotoxic edema?","volume":"59","author":"Chu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0210","first-page":"791","article-title":"Glial cell changes in the brain stem of thiamine-deficient rats","volume":"50","author":"Collins","year":"1967","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18278","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)36956-X","article-title":"Expression and involvement of c-fos and c-jun protooncogenes in programmed cell death induced by growth factor deprivation in lymphoid cell lines","volume":"267","author":"Colotta","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.alcalc.a008400","article-title":"B Vitamin deficiency and neuropsychiatric syndromes in alcohol misuse","volume":"33","author":"Cook","year":"1998","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00964146","article-title":"The role of thiamine in nervous tissue","volume":"4","author":"Cooper","year":"1979","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1038\/199609a0","article-title":"Biochemical and physiological function of thiamine in nervous tissue","volume":"199","author":"Cooper","year":"1963","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.1995.tb01065.x","article-title":"Neuro fibrillary tangles in chronic alcoholics","volume":"21","author":"Cullen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-44462004000500007","article-title":"Neurocognitive assessment in alcohol abuse and dependence: implications for treatment","volume":"26","author":"Cunha","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410220504","article-title":"Lowered cerebral glucose utilization in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"22","author":"Dalakas","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(92)90316-T","article-title":"An [Na++K+]coupled l-glutamate transporter purified from rat brain is located in glial cell processes","volume":"51","author":"Danbolt","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2005.11.002","article-title":"Evaluation of the effect of training using auditory stimulation on rhythmic movement in Parkinsonian patients\u2014a combined motor and [18F]-FDG PET study","volume":"12","author":"Del Olmo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(47)91272-5","article-title":"Cerebral beriberi (Wernicke's encephalopathy): review of 52 cases in a Singapore prisoner-of-war hospital","volume":"1","author":"De Wardener","year":"1947","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(91)90106-T","article-title":"Peripheral benzodiazepine binding sites in Alzheimer's disease frontal and temporal cortex","volume":"12","author":"Diorio","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-0186(00)00061-9","article-title":"Glutamate-mediated transmission, alcohol, and alcoholism","volume":"37","author":"Dodd","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-328X(93)90101-T","article-title":"Is c-jun involved in nerve cell death following status epilepticus and hypoxic-ischemic injury?","volume":"18","author":"Dragunow","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1959.tb13191.x","article-title":"The quantitative histochemical distribution of thiamine in normal rat brain","volume":"4","author":"Dreyfus","year":"1959","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.127.6.1717","article-title":"Altered gene expression in neurons during programmed cell death: identification of c-jun as necessary for neuronal apoptosis","volume":"127","author":"Estus","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1038\/375599a0","article-title":"An excitatory amino-acid transporter with properties of a ligand-gated chloride channel","volume":"375","author":"Fairman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199305000-00015","article-title":"Apoptosis mediated neurotoxicity induced by chronic application of B amyloid fragment 25-35","volume":"4","author":"Forloni","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(75)90720-9","article-title":"The action of thiamine and its di- and triphosphates on the slow exponential decline of the ionic currents in the node of Ranvier","volume":"89","author":"Fox","year":"1975","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2008.08.003","article-title":"Wernicke's syndrome during parenteral feeding: not an unusual complication","volume":"25","author":"Francini-Pesenti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(79)90124-3","article-title":"The effects of chronic alcohol and vitamin E consumption on aging pigments and learning performance in mice","volume":"24","author":"Freund","year":"1979","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.08.043","article-title":"A quantitative assessment of glutamate uptake into hippocampal synaptic terminals and astrocytes: new insights into a neuronal role for excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2)","volume":"157","author":"Furness","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1975.tb03901.x","article-title":"Decreased metabolism in vivo of glucose into amino acids of the brain of thiamine-deficient rats after treatment with pyrithiamine","volume":"24","author":"Gaitonde","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(75)80043-8","article-title":"The neuropathology of stroke","volume":"6","author":"Garcia","year":"1975","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100027542","article-title":"Jakob\u2013Creutzfeldt disease associated with Wernicke encephalopathy","volume":"15","author":"Gaytan-Garcia","year":"1988","journal-title":"Can. J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000078192.95645.E6","article-title":"[11C](R)-PK11195 PET imaging of microglial activation in multiple system atrophy","volume":"61","author":"Gerhard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2007.1766","article-title":"Thiamine-dependent processes and treatment strategies in neurodegeneration","volume":"9","author":"Gibson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00965667","article-title":"Correlation of enzymatic, metabolic, and behavioral deficits in thiamin deficiency and its reversal","volume":"9","author":"Gibson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-0186(99)00114-X","article-title":"The alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex in neurodegeneration","volume":"36","author":"Gibson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1988.00520320022009","article-title":"Reduced activities of thiamine-dependent enzymes in the brains and peripheral tissues of patients with Alzheimer's disease","volume":"45","author":"Gibson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410280608","article-title":"Cerebellar and frontal hypometabolism in alcoholic cerebellar degeneration studied with positron emission tomography","volume":"28","author":"Gilman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1974.tb04301.x","article-title":"Effect of thiamine deprivation and thiamine antagonists on the level of G-aminobutyric acid and on 2-oxoglutarate metabolism in rat brain","volume":"22","author":"Gubler","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1159\/000115691","article-title":"Investigation of the blood\u2013brain barrier for IgG in inflammatory syndromes of the central nervous system","volume":"23","author":"Guenther","year":"1984","journal-title":"Eur. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddg267","article-title":"Increased expression of the glial glutamate transporter EAAT2 modulates excitotoxicity and delays the onset but not the outcome of ALS in mice","volume":"12","author":"Guo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410160609","article-title":"The induction and reversibility of cerebral acidosis in thiamine deficiency","volume":"16","author":"Hakim","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410090404","article-title":"The effect of thiamine deficiency on local cerebral glucose utilization","volume":"9","author":"Hakim","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410130403","article-title":"Sequence of metabolic, clinical, and histological events in experimental thiamine deficiency","volume":"13","author":"Hakim","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1983.73","article-title":"Metabolic and histological reversibility of thiamine deficiency","volume":"3","author":"Hakim","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01991863","article-title":"Evidence for early blood\u2013brain barrier breakdown in experimental thiamine deficiency in the mouse","volume":"10","author":"Harata","year":"1995","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(95)00577-3","article-title":"Loss of vasopressin-immunoreactive neurons in alcoholics is dose-related and time-dependent","volume":"72","author":"Harding","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.1.141","article-title":"Degeneration of anterior thalamic nuclei differentiates alcoholics with amnesia","volume":"123","author":"Harding","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(89)90177-9","article-title":"Patterns of neuronal loss in the cerebral cortex in chronic alcoholic patients","volume":"92","author":"Harper","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agn102","article-title":"The neuropathology of alcohol-related brain damage","volume":"44","author":"Harper","year":"2009","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.45.9.838","article-title":"Brain weights in alcoholics","volume":"45","author":"Harper","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2004.06.011","article-title":"Ethanol and brain damage","volume":"5","author":"Harper","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.49.4.341","article-title":"Clinical signs in the Wernicke\u2013Korsakoff complex: a retrospective analysis of 131 cases diagnosed at necropsy","volume":"49","author":"Harper","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1996.67010277.x","article-title":"Amyloid beta peptide (25-35) inhibits Na+-dependent glutamate uptake in rat hippocampal astrocyte cultures","volume":"67","author":"Harris","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2007.04.026","article-title":"Excitotoxic mechanisms in stroke: an update of concepts and treatment strategies","volume":"50","author":"Hazell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0455","first-page":"S104","article-title":"Increase in extracellular glutamate concentration is a Ca2+-independent process in the thalamus of the thiamine deficient rat","volume":"62","author":"Hazell","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Neurochem. (Suppl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1993.tb03635.x","article-title":"Cerebral vulnerability is associated with selective increase in extracellular glutamate concentration in experimental thiamine deficiency","volume":"61","author":"Hazell","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2216","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1997.68052216.x","article-title":"1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) decreases glutamate uptake in cultured astrocytes","volume":"68","author":"Hazell","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020657129593","article-title":"Mechanisms of neuronal cell death in Wernicke's encephalopathy","volume":"13","author":"Hazell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(19980615)52:6<742::AID-JNR13>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Regional activation of L-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels in experimental thiamine deficiency","volume":"52","author":"Hazell","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02737081","article-title":"Immediate-early gene expression in the brain of the thiamine-deficient rat","volume":"10","author":"Hazell","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00436.x","article-title":"Selective down-regulation of the astrocyte glutamate transporters GLT-1 and GLAST within the medial thalamus in experimental Wernicke's encephalopathy","volume":"78","author":"Hazell","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10241","article-title":"Thiamine deficiency results in downregulation of the GLAST glutamate transporter in cultured astrocytes","volume":"43","author":"Hazell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20908","article-title":"Loss of astrocytic glutamate transporters in Wernicke encephalopathy","volume":"58","author":"Hazell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.11.017","article-title":"Increased MCP-1 and microglia in various regions of the human alcoholic brain","volume":"210","author":"He","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02080933","article-title":"Alterations of thiamine phosphorylation and of thiamine-dependent enzymes in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"11","author":"H\u00e9roux","year":"1996","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9736","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3009-07.2007","article-title":"Extracellular glutamate concentration in hippocampal slice","volume":"27","author":"Herman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S145","DOI":"10.1139\/y92-256","article-title":"Energy metabolism at the cellular level of the CNS","volume":"70","author":"Hertz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1968.tb08961.x","article-title":"The effects of a thiamine antagonist, pyrithiamine, on levels of selected metabolic intermediates and on activities of thiamine-dependent enzymes in brain and liver","volume":"15","author":"Holowach","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02080927","article-title":"Thiamine and nervous system function: an historical sketch","volume":"11","author":"Itokawa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(70)90015-5","article-title":"Ion movements and thiamine. II. The release of the vitamin from membrane fragments","volume":"196","author":"Itokawa","year":"1970","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.48.11.1091","article-title":"Positron emission tomography with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose differentiates normal pressure hydrocephalus from Alzheimer-type dementia","volume":"48","author":"Jagust","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0540","series-title":"Recent Progress in the Study and Therapy of Brain Edema","first-page":"523","article-title":"A quantitative analysis of glial swelling and ischemic neuronal injury following complete cerebral ischemia","author":"Jenkins","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072888","article-title":"Aetiology of alcoholic brain damage: alcoholic neurotoxicity or thiamine malnutrition?","volume":"50","author":"Joyce","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br. Med. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1981.35","article-title":"Brain lactic acidosis and ischemic cell damage: 2. Histopathology","volume":"1","author":"Kalimo","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1038\/360467a0","article-title":"Primary structure and functional characterization of a high-affinity glutamate transporter","volume":"360","author":"Kanai","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2007.01.011","article-title":"Changes in inflammatory processes associated with selective vulnerability following mild impairment of oxidative metabolism","volume":"26","author":"Karuppagounder","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2006.04.011","article-title":"Peripheral inflammatory mechanisms modulate microglial activation in response to mild impairment of oxidative metabolism","volume":"49","author":"Ke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1097\/00003072-198410001-00042","article-title":"Regional cerebral glucose use in patients with alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Kessler","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin. Nucl. Med. (Abstr.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1995.51","article-title":"Astrocytic swelling due to hypotonic or high K+ medium causes inhibition of glutamate and aspartate uptake and increases their release","volume":"15","author":"Kimelberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1042\/bj0240711","article-title":"Brain localization of lactic acidosis in avitaminosis Bl and its relation to the origin of symptoms","volume":"24","author":"Kinnersley","year":"1930","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4139","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200112210-00055","article-title":"Adrenomedullin regulates blood\u2013brain barrier functions in vitro","volume":"12","author":"Kis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.07.018","article-title":"Ceftriaxone restores glutamate homeostasis and prevents relapse to cocaine seeking","volume":"67","author":"Knackstedt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02080928","article-title":"Neuropathology of thiamine deficiency disorders","volume":"11","author":"Kril","year":"1996","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0595","first-page":"35A","article-title":"Neuronal changes in the cerebral cortex of chronic alcoholics","volume":"18","author":"Kril","year":"1994","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(97)00083-3","article-title":"The cerebral cortex is damaged in chronic alcoholics","volume":"79","author":"Kril","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)91355-K","article-title":"\u03b2-Amyloid protein increases the vulnerability of cultured cortical neurons to excitotoxic damage","volume":"533","author":"Koh","year":"1990","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2003.12.007","article-title":"Increased brain endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in thiamine deficiency: relationship to selective vulnerability","volume":"45","author":"Kruse","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02674735","article-title":"Increased cerebral free radical production during thiamine deficiency","volume":"12","author":"Langlais","year":"1997","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023276009477","article-title":"Thiamine deficiency-induced disruptions in the diurnal rhythm and regulation of body temperature in the rat","volume":"13","author":"Langlais","year":"1998","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.10-05-01664.1990","article-title":"Protective effects of the glutamate antagonist MK-801 on pyrithiamine-induced lesions and amino acid changes in rat brain","volume":"10","author":"Langlais","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(05)80155-X","article-title":"Diencephalic lesions, learning impairments, and intact retrograde memory following acute thiamine deficiency in the rat","volume":"48","author":"Langlais","year":"1992","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1993.tb07457.x","article-title":"Extracellular glutamate is increased in thalamus during thiamine deficiency-induced lesions and is blocked by MK-801","volume":"61","author":"Langlais","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0640","first-page":"434","article-title":"Cortical and subcortical white matter damage without Wernicke's encephalopathy after recovery from thiamine deficiency in the rat","volume":"21","author":"Langlais","year":"1997","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02080929","article-title":"Neuropathology of thiamine deficiency: an update on the comparative analysis of human disorders and experimental models","volume":"11","author":"Langlais","year":"1996","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00451.x","article-title":"The glial glutamate transporter, GLT-1, is oxidatively modified by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in the Alzheimer's disease brain: the role of A\u03b21\u201342","volume":"78","author":"Lauderback","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00996904","article-title":"Pyrithiamine-induced thiamine deficiency results in decreased Ca2+-dependent release of glutamate from rat hippocampal slices","volume":"6","author":"L\u00ea","year":"1991","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-05-01523.2002","article-title":"Astroglial contribution to brain energy metabolism in humans revealed by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: elucidation of the dominant pathway for neurotransmitter glutamate repletion and measurement of astrocytic oxidative metabolism","volume":"22","author":"Lebon","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00963853","article-title":"Superoxide dismutase activity in rat brain during acute and chronic alcohol intoxication","volume":"6","author":"Ledig","year":"1981","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-03-01835.1995","article-title":"Differential expression of two glial glutamate transporters in the rat brain: quantitative and immunocytochemical observations","volume":"15","author":"Lehre","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1994.14","article-title":"Increased densities of binding sites for the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor ligand [3H]PK11195 in vulnerable regions of the rat brain in thiamine deficiency encephalopathy","volume":"14","author":"Leong","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199708000-00008","article-title":"Glutamate transporter alterations in Alzheimer disease are possibly associated with abnormal APP expression","volume":"56","author":"Li","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05292","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"443","author":"Lin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80997-6","article-title":"Aberrant RNA processing in a neurodegenerative disease: the cause for absent EAAT2, a glutamate transporter, in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"20","author":"Lin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-008-9882-7","article-title":"Neuronal mitochondrial toxicity of malondialdehyde: inhibitory effects on respiratory function and enzyme activities in rat brain mitochondria","volume":"34","author":"Long","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7951","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.17.7951","article-title":"Apoptosis is induced by beta-amyloid in cultured central nervous system neurons","volume":"90","author":"Loo","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12255","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3404-07.2007","article-title":"The transcriptome and metabolic gene signature of protoplasmic astrocytes in the adult murine cortex","volume":"27","author":"Lovatt","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0710","first-page":"57","article-title":"An ultrastructural study of lesions induced by sodium azide in the primate brain","volume":"95","author":"Luse","year":"1970","journal-title":"Trans. Am. Neurol. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000164376.69978.6B","article-title":"Neuroimaging of gender differences in alcohol dependence: are women more vulnerable?","volume":"29","author":"Mann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0720","first-page":"565","article-title":"Vascular permeability to horseradish peroxidase in brainstem lesions of thiamine-deficient rats","volume":"66","author":"Manz","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-005-0722-2","article-title":"Vermal atrophy of alcoholics correlate with serum thiamine levels but not with dentate iron concentrations as estimated by MRI","volume":"252","author":"Maschke","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410400512","article-title":"Deficient glutamate transport is associated with neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"40","author":"Masliah","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410390508","article-title":"Brain protein and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex activity in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"39","author":"Mastrogiacoma","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0740","first-page":"428","article-title":"Focal brain injury: histological evidence of delayed inflammatory response in a new rodent model of focal cortical injury","volume":"60","author":"Mathew","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir. Suppl. (Wien)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0745","first-page":"867","article-title":"Apoptosis is restricted to the thalamus in thiamine-deficient rats","volume":"8","author":"Matsushima","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.12-02-00376.1992","article-title":"\u03b2-Amyloid peptide destabilized calcium homeostasis and render human cortical neurons vulnerable to excitotoxicity","volume":"12","author":"Mattson","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1982.tb31210.x","article-title":"Energy metabolism in the lateral vestibular nucleus in pyrithiamin-induced thiamin deficiency","volume":"378","author":"McCandless","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann. NY Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105912","article-title":"Encephalopathy of thiamine deficiency: studies of intracerebral mechanisms","volume":"47","author":"McCandless","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1984.04050160119026","article-title":"Computed tomographic findings in Wernicke\u2013Korsakoff syndrome","volume":"41","author":"McDowell","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410160316","article-title":"Computed tomography in the diagnosis of Wernicke's encephalopathy: a radiological\u2013neuropathological correlation","volume":"16","author":"Mensing","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(99)00196-3","article-title":"The RNA of the glutamate transporter EAAT2 is variably spliced in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and normal individuals","volume":"170","author":"Meyer","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0780","series-title":"Oxford Textbook of Clinical Hepatology","first-page":"1923","article-title":"Nutritional aspects of liver and biliary disease","author":"Morgan","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1038\/322552a0","article-title":"Role of ion flux in the control of c-fos expression","volume":"322","author":"Morgan","year":"1986","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2008.01.005","article-title":"Lactic acid increases aquaporin 4 expression on the cell membrane of cultured rat astrocytes","volume":"61","author":"Morishima","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/14734220600551707","article-title":"Susceptibility of the cerebellum to thiamine deficiency","volume":"5","author":"Mulholland","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(93)90107-A","article-title":"Proto-oncogene c-fos induction in thiamine-deficient encephalopathy. Protective effects of nicardipine on pyrithiamine-induced lesions","volume":"118","author":"Munujos","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(91)90375-A","article-title":"L-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels mediate synaptic activation of immediate-early genes","volume":"7","author":"Murphy","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0810","series-title":"Advances in Perinatal Neurology","first-page":"85","article-title":"Lactic acid accumulation as cause of brain edema and cerebral necrosis resulting from oxygen deprivation","author":"Myers","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1991.64","article-title":"Macrophage andastrocyte populations in relation to 3H-PK11195 binding in rat cerebral cortex following a local ischaemic lesion","volume":"11","author":"Myers","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(98)00158-X","article-title":"Identification of alternative splicing forms of GLT-1 mRNA in the spinal cord of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients","volume":"244","author":"Nagai","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(99)00035-0","article-title":"Wernicke encephalopathy-like symptoms as an early manifestation of Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease in a chronic alcoholic","volume":"163","author":"Nagashima","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20290","article-title":"Brain lactate synthesis in thiamine deficiency: a re-evaluation using 1H-13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"79","author":"Navarro","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2009.05.004","article-title":"Hyperemesis gravidarum induced Wernicke's encephalopathy: serial clinical, electrophysiological and MR imaging observations","volume":"284","author":"Netravathi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2008.00723.x","article-title":"Choroid plexus dysfunction: the initial event in the pathogenesis of Wernicke's encephalopathy and ethanol intoxication","volume":"32","author":"Nixon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0845","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0404.2001.00098.x","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted MR findings in a reversible case of acute Wernicke encephalopathy","volume":"104","author":"Oka","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0850","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-197101000-00008","article-title":"Glutamate-induced neuronal necrosis in the infant mouse hypothalamus. An electron microscopic study","volume":"30","author":"Olney","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0855","series-title":"Review of NIAAA's Neuroscience and Behavioral Research Portfolio, NIAAA 34","article-title":"Neuropsychological vulnerabilities in chronic alcoholism","author":"Oscar-Berman","year":"2000"},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S200","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(09)70814-4","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in the living brain of Parkinson's disease","volume":"15","author":"Ouchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0865","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(83)90276-7","article-title":"3H-Ro5-4864 and 3H-flunitrazepam binding in kainate-lesioned rat striatum and in temporal cortex of brains from patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type","volume":"278","author":"Owen","year":"1983","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0870","first-page":"222","article-title":"Peripheral-type benzodiazepine diazepam binding inhibitor receptor: biological role in steroidogenic cell function","volume":"14","author":"Papadopoulos","year":"1993","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0875","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20528","article-title":"Activity-dependent regulation of energy metabolism by astrocytes: an update","volume":"55","author":"Pellerin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0880","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00687857","article-title":"Lead encephalo-myelopathy of the suckling rat and its implications on the porphyrinopathic nervous diseases. With special reference to the permeability disorders of the nervous system's capillaries","volume":"6","author":"Pentschew","year":"1966","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0885","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)28025-8","article-title":"The biochemical lesion in vitamin Bl deficiency","volume":"1","author":"Peters","year":"1936","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0890","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/110.2.301","article-title":"A quantitative histological study of the cerebellar vermis in alcoholic patients","volume":"110","author":"Phillips","year":"1987","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1080\/09595239000185071","article-title":"The contribution of Wernicke's encephalopathy to alcohol-related cerebellar damage","volume":"9","author":"Phillips","year":"1990","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0900","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1038\/360464a0","article-title":"Cloning and expression of a rat brain l-glutamate transporter","volume":"360","author":"Pines","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03033161","article-title":"Acrolein inhibits NADH-linked mitochondrial enzyme activity: implications for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"5","author":"Pocernich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurotox. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-5-10","article-title":"Increased systemic and brain cytokine production and neuroinflammation by endotoxin following ethanol treatment","volume":"5","author":"Qin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0915","first-page":"1081","article-title":"Ultrastructural features of early brain stem lesions of thiamine-deficient rats","volume":"52","author":"Robertson","year":"1968","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0920","first-page":"107","article-title":"Glucose uptake in the brainstem of thiamine-deficient rats","volume":"79","author":"Robertson","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410280106","article-title":"Abnormal excitatory amino acid metabolism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"28","author":"Rothstein","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199205283262204","article-title":"Decreased glutamate transport by the brain and spinal cord in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"326","author":"Rothstein","year":"1992","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0935","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(94)90038-8","article-title":"Localization of neuronal and glial glutamate transporters","volume":"13","author":"Rothstein","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0940","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410380114","article-title":"Selective loss of glial glutamate transporter GLT-1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"38","author":"Rothstein","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0945","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03180","article-title":"Beta-lactam antibiotics offer neuroprotection by increasing glutamate transporter expression","volume":"433","author":"Rothstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0950","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1126\/science.386513","article-title":"Calcium dependence of toxic cell death: a final common pathway","volume":"206","author":"Schanne","year":"1979","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0955","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(82)90602-3","article-title":"3H-Ro5-4864 benzodiazepine binding in the kainate lesioned striatum and Huntington's diseased basal ganglia","volume":"248","author":"Schoemaker","year":"1982","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0960","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.1977.tb00579.x","article-title":"Mechanisms involved in the \u2018dying-back\u2019 process\u2014an hypothesis implicating coenzymes","volume":"3","author":"Schoental","year":"1977","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0965","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00946930","article-title":"Histologische und topische Ver\u00e4nderungen und Vulnerabilit\u00e4tsverh\u00e4ltnisse im menschlichen Gehirn bei Sauerstoffmangel, \u00d6dem und plasmatischen Infiltration. I. Problemstellung und feingewebliche Situation","volume":"181","author":"Scholz","year":"1949","journal-title":"Arch. Psychiatr. Nervenkr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0970","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.3109\/02841858709177422","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging in small lesions of the central nervous system. Improvement by gadolinium-DTPA","volume":"28","author":"Schroth","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0975","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199111000-00034","article-title":"Blood\u2013brain-barrier disruption in acute Wernicke encephalopathy: MR findings","volume":"15","author":"Schroth","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0980","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600568","article-title":"Close coupling between astrocytic and neuronal metabolisms to fulfill anaplerotic and energy needs in the rat brain","volume":"28","author":"Serres","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0985","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2007.08.011","article-title":"SPECT neuroimaging in translational research of CNS disorders","volume":"52","author":"Sharma","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10514","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3178-06.2006","article-title":"Cystine\/glutamate exchange modulates glutathione supply for neuroprotection from oxidative stress and cell proliferation","volume":"26","author":"Shih","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0990","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4400","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.08-11-04400.1988","article-title":"Korsakoff's syndrome: radiological (CT) findings and neuropsychological correlates","volume":"8","author":"Shimamura","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib0995","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1381\/096089203322190934","article-title":"Rapid onset of Wernicke's encephalopathy following gastric restrictive surgery","volume":"13","author":"Sol\u00e1","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obes. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10955","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.22.10955","article-title":"Structure, expression, and functional analysis of a Na(+)-dependent glutamate\/aspartate transporter from rat brain","volume":"89","author":"Storck","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agn103","article-title":"Neuroimaging of the Wernicke\u2013Korsakoff syndrome","volume":"44","author":"Sullivan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.71.5.683","article-title":"Avian thiamin deficiency. A correlation of pathology and clinical behaviour","volume":"71","author":"Swank","year":"1940","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1385\/NCC:5:1:45","article-title":"Computed tomography findings in thiamine deficiency-induced coma","volume":"5","author":"Swenson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurocrit. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(86)90581-1","article-title":"Preliminary characterization of an Na+,K+,Cl\u2212 co-transport activity in cultured human astrocytes","volume":"70","author":"Tas","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1030","first-page":"34","article-title":"Patterns of 35S-thiamine hydrochloride absorption in the malnourished alcoholic patient","volume":"76","author":"Thomson","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1987.tb13042.x","article-title":"Nutrition and alcoholic encephalopathies","volume":"717","author":"Thomson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Med. Scand. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1040","first-page":"324","article-title":"Immunohistochemical evidence that superoxide dismutase is increased in experimental thiamine deficiency","volume":"23","author":"Todd","year":"1997","journal-title":"Soc. Neurosci. Abs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1997.6677","article-title":"Evaluation of the role of NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity in the selective neuronal loss in experimental Wernicke encephalopathy","volume":"149","author":"Todd","year":"1998","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1136(19990115)25:2<190::AID-GLIA9>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"Early microglial response in experimental thiamine deficiency: an immunohistochemical analysis","volume":"25","author":"Todd","year":"1999","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.1985.tb00016.x","article-title":"Two types of brain lesions in Wernicke's encephalopathy","volume":"11","author":"Torvik","year":"1985","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1060","first-page":"25","article-title":"Topographic distribution and severity of brain lesions in Wernicke's encephalopathy","volume":"6","author":"Torvik","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.30.8.1671","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-beta mediates astrocyte-specific regulation of brain endothelial anticoagulant factors","volume":"30","author":"Tran","year":"1999","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2005.1764","article-title":"Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase: a target and generator of oxidative stress","volume":"360","author":"Tretter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B: Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1981.00510060052007","article-title":"Model of Wernicke's encephalopathy","volume":"38","author":"Troncoso","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5976","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.11.5976","article-title":"Peroxynitrite inhibits glutamate transporter subtypes","volume":"271","author":"Trotti","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1085","first-page":"144","article-title":"Alcohol and neurotransmitter interactions","volume":"21","author":"Valenzuela","year":"1997","journal-title":"Alcohol Health Res. World"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.07.001","article-title":"Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease","volume":"39","author":"Valko","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(98)00153-2","article-title":"Early diagnosis of pediatric Wernicke's encephalopathy","volume":"20","author":"Vasconcelos","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1100","first-page":"487","article-title":"Submillimeter total-body murine imaging with U-SPECT-I","volume":"48","author":"Vastenhouw","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.04651.x","article-title":"Gene expression changes in thalamus and inferior colliculus associated with inflammation, cellular stress, metabolism, and structural damage in thiamine deficiency","volume":"23","author":"Vemuganti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1110","series-title":"The Wernicke\u2013Korsakoff Syndrome and Related Neurologic Disorders due to Alcoholism and Malnutrition","author":"Victor","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2924","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-05-02924.1994","article-title":"Glutamate uptake inhibition by oxygen free radicals in rat cortical astrocytes","volume":"14","author":"Volterra","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00749739","article-title":"Differentiation between brain lesions in experimental thiamine deficiency","volume":"414","author":"Vortmeyer","year":"1988","journal-title":"Virchows Arch. A: Pathol. Anat. Histopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7394532","article-title":"Neuronal loss in hippocampus induced by prolonged ethanol consumption in rats","volume":"209","author":"Walker","year":"1980","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1984.42","article-title":"Intense furosemide-sensitive potassium accumulation in astrocytes in the presence of pathologically high extracellular potassium levels","volume":"4","author":"Walz","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/94.2.256","article-title":"Evidence of malfunctioning blood\u2013brain barrier in experimental thiamine deficiency in rats","volume":"94","author":"Warnock","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-197807000-00004","article-title":"Early edematous lesion of pyrithiamine induced acute thiamine deficient encephalopathy in the mouse","volume":"37","author":"Watanabe","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-198107000-00008","article-title":"Edematous necrosis in thiamine-deficient encephalopathy of the mouse","volume":"40","author":"Watanabe","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198305053081816","article-title":"Maple-syrup-urine disease","volume":"308","author":"Wendel","year":"1983","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1150","volume":"vol. 2","author":"Wernicke","year":"1881"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1385\/NMM:3:2:105","article-title":"Decrease in glial glutamate transporter variants and excitatory amino acid receptor down-regulation in a murine model of ALS-PDC","volume":"3","author":"Wilson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuromolec. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1155","first-page":"201","article-title":"Neuroanatomical consequences of thiamine deficiency: a comparative analysis","volume":"20","author":"Witt","year":"1985","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199503000-00026","article-title":"Wernicke encephalopathy with symmetric pericentral involvement: MR findings","volume":"19","author":"Yamashita","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2218531","article-title":"Neurotrophic and neurotoxic effects of amyloid \u03b2 protein: reversal by tachykinin neuropeptides","volume":"250","author":"Yankner","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2005.12.001","article-title":"Excitotoxic mechanisms and the role of astrocytic glutamate transporters in traumatic brain injury","volume":"48","author":"Yi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199109000-00022","article-title":"Wernicke encephalopathy: follow-up study by CT and MR","volume":"15","author":"Yokote","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2009.01.005","article-title":"Thiamine deficiency increases beta-secretase activity and accumulation of beta-amyloid peptides","volume":"32","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199503000-00012","article-title":"Excitotoxic cytopathology, progression, and reversibility of thiamine deficiency-induced diencephalic lesions","volume":"54","author":"Zhang","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, J., Sun, X., Yu, Z., Pan, X., Gu, F., Chen, J., Dong, W., Zhao, L., Zhong, C., 2010. Exposure to pyrithiamine increases beta-amyloid accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, and glycogen synthase kinase-3 activity in the brain. Neurotox. Res., doi:10.1007\/s12640-010-9204-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-010-9204-0"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.07.3959","article-title":"Neuroimaging findings in acute Wernicke's encephalopathy: review of the literature","volume":"192","author":"Zuccoli","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019_bib1200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1280","article-title":"MR imaging findings in 56 patients with Wernicke encephalopathy: nonalcoholics may differ from alcoholics","volume":"30","author":"Zuccoli","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."}],"container-title":["Neurochemistry International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0197018610003591?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0197018610003591?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T19:59:25Z","timestamp":1712001565000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0197018610003591"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"references-count":242,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0197018610003591"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.11.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["0197-0186"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0197-0186","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]}}}