{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:04:35Z","timestamp":1791263075506,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]],"date-time":"2014-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414800000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"HEADRUSH Brain Tumor Research Professorship"},{"name":"Roger Loff Memorial Fund"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21CA161704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21CA161704"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS075995"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS075995"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA158800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA158800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurochemistry International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,16]],"date-time":"2014-06-16T14:27:09Z","timestamp":1402928829000},"page":"68-77","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"special_numbering":"C","title":["MicroRNAs in cancer: Glioblastoma and glioblastoma cancer stem cells"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey V.","family":"Brower","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Will","family":"Lyon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John S.","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e80865","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0080865","article-title":"microRNA-100 targets SMRT\/NCOR2, reduces proliferation, and improves survival in glioblastoma animal models","author":"Alrfaei","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6603","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-0145","article-title":"Phosphorylated Pak1 level in the cytoplasm correlates with shorter survival time in patients with glioblastoma","volume":"13","author":"Aoki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05236","article-title":"Glioma stem cells promote radioresistance by preferential activation of the DNA damage response","volume":"444","author":"Bao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7843","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-1010","article-title":"Stem cell-like glioma cells promote tumor angiogenesis through vascular endothelial growth factor","volume":"66","author":"Bao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-014-1576-5","article-title":"Convergent microRNA actions coordinate neocortical development","author":"Barca-Mayo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00045-5","article-title":"MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function","volume":"116","author":"Bartel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0797-730","article-title":"Human acute myeloid leukemia is organized as a hierarchy that originates from a primitive hematopoietic cell","volume":"3","author":"Bonnet","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11755","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404432101","article-title":"MicroRNA profiling reveals distinct signatures in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias","volume":"101","author":"Calin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0045","first-page":"605","article-title":"Insight into the role of microRNAs in brain tumors (review)","volume":"40","author":"Catania","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6029","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-0137","article-title":"MicroRNA-21 is an antiapoptotic factor in human glioblastoma cells","volume":"65","author":"Chan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.07.030","article-title":"Extensive modulation of a set of microRNAs in primary glioblastoma","volume":"334","author":"Ciafre","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-009-9797-4","article-title":"MiR-21 and 221 upregulation and miR-181b downregulation in human grade II\u2013IV astrocytic tumors","volume":"93","author":"Conti","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurooncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8233","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-2412","article-title":"The myc-miR-17\u223c92 axis blunts TGF\u03b2 signaling and production of multiple TGF\u03b2-dependent antiangiogenic factors","volume":"70","author":"Dews","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.4103\/2319-4170.119690","article-title":"MicroRNA-gene signaling pathways in pancreatic cancer","volume":"36","author":"Drakaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3411","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2010.83","article-title":"De-repression of CTGF via the miR-17-92 cluster upon differentiation of human glioblastoma spheroid cultures","volume":"29","author":"Ernst","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1840","article-title":"Oncomirs \u2013 microRNAs with a role in cancer","volume":"6","author":"Esquela-Kerscher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1038\/35888","article-title":"Potent and specific genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"391","author":"Fire","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2010.11.026","article-title":"MiR-124a is frequently down-regulated in glioblastoma and is involved in migration and invasion","volume":"47","author":"Fowler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5369","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00479-08","article-title":"MicroRNA 21 promotes glioma invasion by targeting matrix metalloproteinase regulators","volume":"28","author":"Gabriely","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.08.107","article-title":"MIR-451 and Imatinib mesylate inhibit tumor growth of Glioblastoma stem cells","volume":"376","author":"Gal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7011","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-1364","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of tumorigenic, stem-like neural precursors from human glioblastoma","volume":"64","author":"Galli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-2698","article-title":"Characterization of microRNA expression levels and their biological correlates in human cancer cell lines","volume":"67","author":"Gaur","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9125","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-2629","article-title":"Targeting of the Bmi-1 oncogene\/stem cell renewal factor by microRNA-128 inhibits glioma proliferation and self-renewal","volume":"68","author":"Godlewski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2010.02.018","article-title":"MicroRNA-451 regulates LKB1\/AMPK signaling and allows adaptation to metabolic stress in glioma cells","volume":"37","author":"Godlewski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-09-3106","article-title":"Survival of patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma treated with radiation and temozolomide in research studies in the United States","volume":"16","author":"Grossman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4289","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-10-0207","article-title":"MiRNA-196 is upregulated in glioblastoma but not in anaplastic astrocytoma and has prognostic significance","volume":"16","author":"Guan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.9.6.10987","article-title":"MicroRNA-34a is tumor suppressive in brain tumors and glioma stem cells","volume":"9","author":"Guessous","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59R","DOI":"10.1203\/01.pdr.0000203592.04530.06","article-title":"Cancer stem cells","volume":"59","author":"Guo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03552","article-title":"A microRNA polycistron as a potential human oncogene","volume":"435","author":"He","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.008","article-title":"Targeted therapy for malignant glioma patients: lessons learned and the road ahead","volume":"6","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1777409","article-title":"The PTEN-regulating microRNA miR-26a is amplified in high-grade glioma and facilitates gliomagenesis in vivo","volume":"23","author":"Huse","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10094","article-title":"Human cortical glial tumors contain neural stem-like cells expressing astroglial and neuronal markers in vitro","volume":"39","author":"Ignatova","year":"2002","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5848","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.24.0317","article-title":"MicroRNAs in cancer: small molecules with a huge impact","volume":"27","author":"Iorio","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1586\/era.12.37","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma multiforme","volume":"12","author":"Johannessen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anticancer Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2009.01008.x","article-title":"Highly infiltrative brain tumours show reduced chemosensitivity associated with a stem cell-like phenotype","volume":"35","author":"Johannessen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.01.014","article-title":"RAS is regulated by the let-7 microRNA family","volume":"120","author":"Johnson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25414","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.460287","article-title":"MicroRNA-124 suppresses the transactivation of nuclear factor of activated T cells by targeting multiple genes and inhibits the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells","volume":"288","author":"Kang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3566","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-6639","article-title":"MicroRNA-7 inhibits the epidermal growth factor receptor and the Akt pathway and is down-regulated in glioblastoma","volume":"68","author":"Kefas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15161","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4966-09.2009","article-title":"The neuronal microRNA miR-326 acts in a feedback loop with notch and has therapeutic potential against brain tumors","volume":"29","author":"Kefas","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noq080","article-title":"Pyruvate kinase M2 is a target of the tumor-suppressive microRNA-326 and regulates the survival of glioma cells","volume":"12","author":"Kefas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.12954\/PI.12011","article-title":"MicroRNAs in prostate cancer","volume":"1","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prostate Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3387","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-4117","article-title":"A developmental taxonomy of glioblastoma defined and maintained by MicroRNAs","volume":"71","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e41523","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041523","article-title":"MicroRNA-7 inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of breast cancer cells via targeting FAK expression","volume":"7","author":"Kong","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-12-143","article-title":"Serial selection for invasiveness increases expression of miR-143\/miR-145 in glioblastoma cell lines","volume":"12","author":"Koo","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20600","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020600","article-title":"MicroRNA and target protein patterns reveal physiopathological features of glioma subtypes","volume":"6","author":"Lages","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2478","article-title":"Prostate cancer stem cells","volume":"217","author":"Lang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nop061","article-title":"Gliomas display a microRNA expression profile reminiscent of neural precursor cells","volume":"12","author":"Lavon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2011.55","article-title":"MicroRNA-sensitive oncolytic measles viruses for cancer-specific vector tropism","volume":"19","author":"Leber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90529-Y","article-title":"The C. elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAs with antisense complementarity to lin-14","volume":"75","author":"Lee","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2012.01.029","article-title":"Over-expression of miR-145 enhances the effectiveness of HSVtk gene therapy for malignant glioma","volume":"320","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-2030","article-title":"Identification of pancreatic cancer stem cells","volume":"67","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7569","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-09-0529","article-title":"MicroRNA-34a inhibits glioblastoma growth by targeting multiple oncogenes","volume":"69","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2011.0064","article-title":"Grade-specific expression profiles of miRNAs\/mRNAs and docking study in human grade I\u2013III astrocytomas","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"OMICS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6631","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2013.14.11.6631","article-title":"Networks of MicroRNAs and genes in retinoblastomas","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12089","article-title":"MiR-139 inhibits Mcl-1 expression and potentiates TMZ-induced apoptosis in glioma","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-4598-5-67","article-title":"Analysis of gene expression and chemoresistance of CD133+ cancer stem cells in glioblastoma","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03702","article-title":"MicroRNA expression profiles classify human cancers","volume":"435","author":"Lu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2010.02.007","article-title":"MicroRNA-34a: a novel tumor suppressor in p53-mutant glioma cell line U251","volume":"41","author":"Luan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2009.00328.x","article-title":"Identification and functional characterization of microRNAs involved in the malignant progression of gliomas","volume":"20","author":"Malzkorn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2332","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-09-3064","article-title":"Characterization of clonogenic multiple myeloma cells","volume":"103","author":"Matsui","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2773","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-6754","article-title":"MicroRNAs 221 and 222 bypass quiescence and compromise cell survival","volume":"68","author":"Medina","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.09.018","article-title":"Patterns and timing of recurrence after temozolomide-based chemoradiation for glioblastoma","volume":"78","author":"Milano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2007.03.003","article-title":"Phase I\/II clinical trial of carbon ion radiotherapy for malignant gliomas: combined X-ray radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and carbon ion radiotherapy","volume":"69","author":"Mizoe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2011.01.006","article-title":"RNA interference therapy via functionalized scaffolds","volume":"63","author":"Monaghan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.08.074","article-title":"MiRNA-451 plays a role as tumor suppressor in human glioma cells","volume":"1359","author":"Nan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05372","article-title":"A human colon cancer cell capable of initiating tumour growth in immunodeficient mice","volume":"445","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03677","article-title":"C-Myc-regulated microRNAs modulate E2F1 expression","volume":"435","author":"O\u2019Donnell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2008.05.001","article-title":"MicroRNA-10a binds the 5\u2032UTR of ribosomal protein mRNAs and enhances their translation","volume":"30","author":"Orom","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-009-0525-0","article-title":"Oncogenic role of microRNAs in brain tumors","volume":"117","author":"Pang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8164","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-1305","article-title":"MicroRNA-21 targets a network of key tumor-suppressive pathways in glioblastoma cells","volume":"68","author":"Papagiannakopoulos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1884","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2011.380","article-title":"Pro-neural miR-128 is a glioma tumor suppressor that targets mitogenic kinases","volume":"31","author":"Papagiannakopoulos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2006.12.007","article-title":"Repression of protein synthesis by miRNAs: how many mechanisms?","volume":"17","author":"Pillai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2010.135","article-title":"Genome-wide expression profiling identifies deregulated miRNAs in malignant astrocytoma","volume":"23","author":"Rao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8195","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-2103","article-title":"MicroRNA-7, a homeobox D10 target, inhibits p21-activated kinase 1 and regulates its functions","volume":"68","author":"Reddy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1038\/35002607","article-title":"The 21-nucleotide let-7 RNA regulates developmental timing in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"403","author":"Reinhart","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24522","article-title":"MicroRNA-10b is overexpressed in malignant glioma and associated with tumor invasive factors, uPAR and RhoC","volume":"125","author":"Sasayama","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-007-0532-2","article-title":"MicroRNA: implications for cancer","volume":"452","author":"Sassen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06489","article-title":"Identification of cells initiating human melanomas","volume":"451","author":"Schatton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2474","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1009069108","article-title":"Eradication of melanomas by targeted elimination of a minor subset of tumor cells","volume":"108","author":"Schmidt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.07.085","article-title":"Hsa-mir-181a and hsa-mir-181b function as tumor suppressors in human glioma cells","volume":"1236","author":"Shi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.11.056","article-title":"MiR-125b is critical for the suppression of human U251 glioma stem cell proliferation","volume":"1312","author":"Shi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-012-8188-8","article-title":"Functional differences of miR-125b on the invasion of primary glioblastoma CD133-negative cells and CD133-positive cells","volume":"14","author":"Shi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuromol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-6-14","article-title":"MiR-124 and miR-137 inhibit proliferation of glioblastoma multiforme cells and induce differentiation of brain tumor stem cells","volume":"6","author":"Silber","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33844","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033844","article-title":"MiR-34a repression in proneural malignant gliomas upregulates expression of its target PDGFRA and promotes tumorigenesis","volume":"7","author":"Silber","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.4161\/cbt.23296","article-title":"Role of microRNAs in breast cancer","volume":"14","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Biol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0430","first-page":"5821","article-title":"Identification of a cancer stem cell in human brain tumors","volume":"63","author":"Singh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03128","article-title":"Identification of human brain tumour initiating cells","volume":"432","author":"Singh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.205","article-title":"MiR-101 is down-regulated in glioblastoma resulting in EZH2-induced proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis","volume":"1","author":"Smits","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2010.10.003","article-title":"MiR-218 inhibits the invasive ability of glioma cells by direct downregulation of IKK-beta","volume":"402","author":"Song","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2008.01.004","article-title":"The utility of LNA in microRNA-based cancer diagnostics and therapeutics","volume":"18","author":"Stenvang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08091-1","article-title":"Chemotherapy in adult high-grade glioma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data from 12 randomised trials","volume":"359","author":"Stewart","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043330","article-title":"Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma","volume":"352","author":"Stupp","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2011.03.013","article-title":"MicroRNA-10b induces glioma cell invasion by modulating MMP-14 and uPAR expression via HOXD10","volume":"1389","author":"Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002488","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002488","article-title":"Uncovering microRNA and transcription factor mediated regulatory networks in glioblastoma","volume":"8","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6046","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-13-0358","article-title":"MicroRNA-218 inhibits glioma invasion, migration, proliferation, and cancer stem-like cell self-renewal by targeting the polycomb group gene Bmi1","volume":"73","author":"Tu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(88)90126-6","article-title":"Antisense genes in plants: an overview","volume":"72","author":"van der Krol","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0485","article-title":"Expression of 19 microRNAs in glioblastoma and comparison with other brain neoplasia of grades I\u2013III","author":"Visani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1519107","article-title":"The microRNA miR-124 antagonizes the anti-neural REST\/SCP1 pathway during embryonic CNS development","volume":"21","author":"Visvanathan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2012.08.023","article-title":"MiR-125b regulates the proliferation of glioblastoma stem cells by targeting E2F2","volume":"586","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14681","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014681","article-title":"Prediction of associations between microRNAs and gene expression in glioma biology","volume":"6","author":"Wuchty","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1159\/000218181","article-title":"MiR-125b expression affects the proliferation and apoptosis of human glioma cells by targeting Bmf","volume":"23","author":"Xia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2681","article-title":"MicroRNA-34a inhibits uveal melanoma cell proliferation and migration through downregulation of c-Met","volume":"50","author":"Yan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.10.071","article-title":"Inhibition of cancer stem cell-like properties and reduced chemoradioresistance of glioblastoma using microRNA145 with cationic polyurethane-short branch PEI","volume":"33","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9006","DOI":"10.1021\/ja800086u","article-title":"Proton-sponge coated quantum dots for siRNA delivery and intracellular imaging","volume":"130","author":"Yezhelyev","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0525","first-page":"1653","article-title":"Co-suppression of miR-221\/222 cluster suppresses human glioma cell growth by targeting p27kip1 in vitro and in vivo","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-008-0403-6","article-title":"MicroRNA-128 inhibits glioma cells proliferation by targeting transcription factor E2F3a","volume":"87","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2010.02.003","article-title":"The use of hsa-miR-21, hsa-miR-181b and hsa-miR-106a as prognostic indicators of astrocytoma","volume":"46","author":"Zhi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002_b0540","first-page":"195","article-title":"Reduction of miR-21 induces glioma cell apoptosis via activating caspase 9 and 3","volume":"24","author":"Zhou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."}],"container-title":["Neurochemistry International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0197018614001417?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0197018614001417?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,11]],"date-time":"2019-08-11T11:25:00Z","timestamp":1565522700000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0197018614001417"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"references-count":108,"alternative-id":["S0197018614001417"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0197-0186"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0197-0186","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"MicroRNAs in cancer: Glioblastoma and glioblastoma cancer stem cells","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neurochemistry International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.06.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}