{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T01:07:48Z","timestamp":1790557668311,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Bengaluru and Indian Council of Medical Research","award":["3\/1\/2\/74\/Neuro\/2018-NCD-I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3\/1\/2\/74\/Neuro\/2018-NCD-I"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"ICMR, New Delhi, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["45\/04\/2018-ANA-BMS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["45\/04\/2018-ANA-BMS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001412","name":"Department of Biotechnology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001412","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Council of Scientific & Industrial Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001843","name":"Science and Engineering Research Board, Department of Science & Technology, Government of India (SERB-DST), New Delhi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurochemistry International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]],"date-time":"2019-11-18T12:20:54Z","timestamp":1574079654000},"page":"104605","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"special_numbering":"C","title":["N-acetyl cysteine ameliorates depression-induced cognitive deficits by restoring the volumes of hippocampal subfields and associated neurochemical changes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"132","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9456-4322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suwarna","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9107-2437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunil Jamuna","family":"Tripathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9162-0990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B.N.","family":"Srikumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7742-4050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.R.","family":"Raju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8323-8211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B.S.","family":"Shankaranarayana Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.8.1515","article-title":"Controlled trial of N-acetylcysteine for patients with probable Alzheimer's disease","volume":"57","author":"Adair","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(02)00182-0","article-title":"Origin and functional role of the extracellular serotonin in the midbrain raphe nuclei","volume":"39","author":"Adell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Res Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15698","article-title":"Basomedial amygdala mediates top-down control of anxiety and fear","volume":"527","author":"Adhikari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2012.07.024","article-title":"Synergist effects of n-acetylcysteine and deferoxamine treatment on behavioral and oxidative parameters induced by chronic mild stress in rats","volume":"61","author":"Arent","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2007.11","article-title":"Elevated brain serotonin turnover in patients with depression: effect of genotype and therapy","volume":"65","author":"Barton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17562","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1110266108","article-title":"CA1 neurons in the human hippocampus are critical for autobiographical memory, mental time travel, and autonoetic consciousness","volume":"108","author":"Bartsch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.03.004","article-title":"N-acetyl cysteine as a glutathione precursor for schizophrenia--a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"64","author":"Berk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.06.005","article-title":"The efficacy of N-acetylcysteine as an adjunctive treatment in bipolar depression: an open label trial","volume":"135","author":"Berk","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.13m08454","article-title":"The efficacy of adjunctive N-acetylcysteine in major depressive disorder: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"75","author":"Berk","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2013.01.001","article-title":"The promise of N-acetylcysteine in neuropsychiatry","volume":"34","author":"Berk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-010-2054-x","article-title":"Chronic escitalopram treatment restores spatial learning, monoamine levels, and hippocampal long-term potentiation in an animal model of depression","volume":"214","author":"Bhagya","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e31829839c6","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine augmentation to tranylcypromine in treatment-resistant major depression","volume":"33","author":"Carvalho","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7792","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1598-05.2005","article-title":"Morphological correlates of corticosteroid-induced changes in prefrontal cortex-dependent behaviors","volume":"25","author":"Cerqueira","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.01.020","article-title":"Chronic brain stimulation rewarding experience ameliorates depression-induced cognitive deficits and restores aberrant plasticity in the prefrontal cortex","volume":"12","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.13.3.385","article-title":"Impairments of attention and effort among patients with major affective disorders","volume":"13","author":"Cohen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2017.02.014","article-title":"Oxidative stress and apoptosis after acute respiratory hypoxia and reoxygenation in rat brain","volume":"12","author":"Coimbra-Costa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2013.02.008","article-title":"Interactive effects of N-acetylcysteine and antidepressants","volume":"44","author":"Costa-Campos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12796","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.211427898","article-title":"Stress-induced changes in cerebral metabolites, hippocampal volume, and cell proliferation are prevented by antidepressant treatment with tianeptine","volume":"98","author":"Czeh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao3898","article-title":"Spatial representations of self and other in the hippocampus","volume":"359","author":"Danjo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib20","first-page":"223","article-title":"Effects of antidepressant treatments on 5-HT neurotransmission: electrophysiological and clinical studies","volume":"39","author":"de Montigny","year":"1984","journal-title":"Adv. Biochem. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2015.02.015","article-title":"Role of calcium, glutamate and NMDA in major depression and therapeutic application","volume":"64","author":"Deutschenbaur","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.05.009","article-title":"The molecular interaction between the glutamatergic, noradrenergic, dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems informs a detailed genetic perspective on depressive phenotypes","volume":"94","author":"Drago","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.01580.x","article-title":"The antioxidants alpha-lipoic acid and N-acetylcysteine reverse memory impairment and brain oxidative stress in aged SAMP8 mice","volume":"84","author":"Farr","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(96)00276-6","article-title":"Decreased hypothalamic serotonin levels in adult rats treated neonatally with clomipramine","volume":"55","author":"Feenstra","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0b013e3283123c98","article-title":"Antidepressant-like effects of N-acetyl-L-cysteine in rats","volume":"19","author":"Ferreira","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13208","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605180103","article-title":"Transgenic brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression causes both anxiogenic and antidepressant effects","volume":"103","author":"Govindarajan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1429","article-title":"The developmental origins of anxiety","volume":"5","author":"Gross","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-13-5","article-title":"Chronic fluoxetine treatment in middle-aged rats induces changes in the expression of plasticity-related molecules and in neurogenesis","volume":"13","author":"Guirado","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2818.1999.00457.x","article-title":"The efficiency of systematic sampling in stereology-reconsidered","volume":"193","author":"Gundersen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Microsc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2013.09.002","article-title":"Minocycline plus N-acetylcysteine synergize to modulate inflammation and prevent cognitive and memory deficits in a rat model of mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"249","author":"Haber","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2014.10.008","article-title":"Glucocorticoid mechanisms of functional connectivity changes in stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders","volume":"1","author":"Hall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiol Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(03)00075-1","article-title":"Long-lasting cognitive impairment in unipolar major depression: a 6-month follow-up study","volume":"118","author":"Hammar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2013.04.009","article-title":"Monoamine neurocircuitry in depression and strategies for new treatments","volume":"45","author":"Hamon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2004.03.003","article-title":"Executive functions and updating of the contents of working memory in unipolar depression","volume":"38","author":"Harvey","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.10261","article-title":"Evidence that the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 antagonist MPEP may act as an inhibitor of the norepinephrine transporter in vitro and in vivo","volume":"50","author":"Heidbreder","year":"2003","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90326-2","article-title":"A fluorometric method for determination of oxidized and reduced glutathione in tissues","volume":"74","author":"Hissin","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054163","article-title":"Amelioration of acute sequelae of blast induced mild traumatic brain injury by N-acetyl cysteine: a double-blind, placebo controlled study","volume":"8","author":"Hoffer","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2011.12.031","article-title":"Amelioration of social isolation-triggered onset of early Alzheimer's disease-related cognitive deficit by N-acetylcysteine in a transgenic mouse model","volume":"45","author":"Hsiao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.01.005","article-title":"Structural changes in hippocampal subfields in major depressive disorder: a high-field magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"74","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(82)80179-6","article-title":"Citalopram-pharmacological profile of a specific serotonin uptake inhibitor with antidepressant activity","volume":"6","author":"Hyttel","year":"1982","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2007.05207.x","article-title":"Social isolation rearing-induced impairment of the hippocampal neurogenesis is associated with deficits in spatial memory and emotion-related behaviors in juvenile mice","volume":"105","author":"Ibi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(94)90243-7","article-title":"Regional changes in dopamine and serotonin activation with various intensity of physical and psychological stress in the rat brain","volume":"49","author":"Inoue","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.05.003","article-title":"Glucocorticoid receptor antagonists hasten and augment neurochemical responses to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant","volume":"62","author":"Johnson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00667","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid metabolome in mood disorders-remission state has a unique metabolic profile","volume":"2","author":"Kaddurah-Daouk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13456","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.23.13456","article-title":"Long-term exposure to high corticosterone levels attenuates serotonin responses in rat hippocampal CA1 neurons","volume":"96","author":"Karten","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.03.009","article-title":"Role of glutamate receptors and glial cells in the pathophysiology of treatment-resistant depression","volume":"70","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2013.03.019","article-title":"Evidences for the agmatine involvement in antidepressant like effect of bupropion in mouse forced swim test","volume":"107","author":"Kotagale","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.03.026","article-title":"Rapid-acting glutamatergic antidepressants: the path to ketamine and beyond","volume":"73","author":"Krystal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.8.787","article-title":"Reduced brain norepinephrine and dopamine release in treatment-refractory depressive illness: evidence in support of the catecholamine hypothesis of mood disorders","volume":"57","author":"Lambert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.10m06176blu","article-title":"Comorbidity patterns of anxiety and depressive disorders in a large cohort study: The Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA)","volume":"72","author":"Lamers","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(01)00780-8","article-title":"The SSRIs drug Fluoxetine, but not the noradrenergic tricyclic drug Desipramine, improves memory performance during acute major depression","volume":"58","author":"Levkovitz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1190287","article-title":"mTOR-dependent synapse formation underlies the rapid antidepressant effects of NMDA antagonists","volume":"329","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2013.10.026","article-title":"Altered expression of 5-HT1A receptors in adult rats induced by neonatal treatment with clomipramine","volume":"124","author":"Limon-Morales","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0b013e3283512c3a","article-title":"AMPA glutamate receptors mediate the antidepressant-like effects of N-acetylcysteine in the mouse tail suspension test","volume":"23","author":"Linck","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2011.02.018","article-title":"Deficits in sustaining reward responses in subsyndromal and syndromal major depression","volume":"35","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-013-1223-5","article-title":"Neuropathology of stress","volume":"127","author":"Lucassen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300823","article-title":"Neonatal antidepressant exposure has lasting effects on behavior and serotonin circuitry","volume":"31","author":"Maciag","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2016.08.017","article-title":"Enriched environment ameliorates depression-induced cognitive deficits and restores abnormal hippocampal synaptic plasticity","volume":"134 Pt B","author":"Mahati","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22063","article-title":"Cognitive deficits and functional outcomes in major depressive disorder: determinants, substrates, and treatment interventions","volume":"30","author":"McIntyre","year":"2013","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(95)52005-8","article-title":"Glutathione biosynthesis and its inhibition","volume":"252","author":"Meister","year":"1995","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-1063(2000)10:3<284::AID-HIPO9>3.0.CO;2-K","article-title":"Neurons in the hilus region of the rat hippocampus are depleted in number by exposure to alcohol during early postnatal life","volume":"10","author":"Miki","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib62","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine reverses anxiety and oxidative damage induced by unpredictable chronic stress in zebrafish","author":"Mocelin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2008.09.017","article-title":"Functional interrelations between nucleus raphe dorsalis and nucleus raphe medianus: a dual probe microdialysis study of glutamate-stimulated serotonin release","volume":"78","author":"Mokler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.12.011","article-title":"Social isolation rearing induces mitochondrial, immunological, neurochemical and behavioural deficits in rats, and is reversed by clozapine or N-acetyl cysteine","volume":"30","author":"Moller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-013-9433-z","article-title":"N-Acetyl cysteine reverses social isolation rearing induced changes in cortico-striatal monoamines in rats","volume":"28","author":"Moller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300109","article-title":"5-HT 1A\/1B receptor-mediated effects of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, citalopram, on sleep: studies in 5-HT 1A and 5-HT 1B knockout mice","volume":"28","author":"Monaca","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2011.06.006","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction in depression: neurocircuitry and new therapeutic strategies","volume":"96","author":"Murrough","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.09.020","article-title":"Role of the astroglial glutamate exchanger xCT in ventral Hippocampus in resilience to stress","volume":"96","author":"Nasca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4804","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1216100110","article-title":"L-acetylcarnitine causes rapid antidepressant effects through the epigenetic induction of mGlu2 receptors","volume":"110","author":"Nasca","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-2142-5","article-title":"Blockade of the mGlu5 receptor decreases basal and stress-induced cortical norepinephrine in rodents","volume":"179","author":"Page","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib71","series-title":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","author":"Paxinos","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(87)90326-5","article-title":"Serotonin receptors in the human brain--III. Autoradiographic mapping of serotonin-1 receptors","volume":"21","author":"Pazos","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2017.00106","article-title":"Antioxidant treatment with N-acetyl cysteine prevents the development of cognitive and social behavioral deficits that result from perinatal ketamine treatment","volume":"11","author":"Phensy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-011-0630-9","article-title":"A complex interaction between glycine\/NMDA receptors and serotonergic\/noradrenergic antidepressants in the forced swim test in mice","volume":"118","author":"Poleszak","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(78)90118-8","article-title":"Behavioural despair in rats: a new model sensitive to antidepressant treatments","volume":"47","author":"Porsolt","year":"1978","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.182.3.214","article-title":"Neurocognitive impairment in drug-free patients with major depressive disorder","volume":"182","author":"Porter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.74","article-title":"Synaptic and cellular changes induced by the schizophrenia susceptibility gene G72 are rescued by N-acetylcysteine treatment","volume":"6","author":"Posfai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.006","article-title":"Chronic behavioral stress induces apical dendritic reorganization in pyramidal neurons of the medial prefrontal cortex","volume":"125","author":"Radley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-007-9511-x","article-title":"Self-stimulation rewarding experience restores stress-induced CA3 dendritic atrophy, spatial memory deficits and alterations in the levels of neurotransmitters in the hippocampus","volume":"33","author":"Ramkumar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2014.10.002","article-title":"Towards stage specific treatments: effects of duration of illness on therapeutic response to adjunctive treatment with N-acetyl cysteine in schizophrenia","volume":"57","author":"Rapado-Castro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291716002932","article-title":"Cognitive effects of adjunctive N-acetyl cysteine in psychosis","volume":"47","author":"Rapado-Castro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00127-4","article-title":"Role of norepinephrine in the pathophysiology and treatment of mood disorders","volume":"46","author":"Ressler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.08.021","article-title":"The Hippocampus in depression: more than the sum of its parts? Advanced hippocampal substructure segmentation in depression","volume":"85","author":"Roddy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib84","article-title":"Chronic fluoxetine increases extra-hippocampal neurogenesis in adult mice","volume":"18","author":"Sachs","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2462","article-title":"Targeting the glutamatergic system to develop novel, improved therapeutics for mood disorders","volume":"7","author":"Sanacora","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12320","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.231475998","article-title":"Depression, antidepressants, and the shrinking hippocampus","volume":"98","author":"Sapolsky","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.05.013","article-title":"Stress and loss of adult neurogenesis differentially reduce hippocampal volume","volume":"82","author":"Schoenfeld","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5034","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-12-05034.1999","article-title":"Depression duration but not age predicts hippocampal volume loss in medically healthy women with recurrent major depression","volume":"19","author":"Sheline","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2012.044","article-title":"Using the rat forced swim test to assess antidepressant-like activity in rodents","volume":"7","author":"Slattery","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2012.06.018","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine possesses antidepressant-like activity through reduction of oxidative stress: behavioral and biochemical analyses in rats","volume":"39","author":"Smaga","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.01.004","article-title":"Impairment of the spatial learning and memory induced by learned helplessness and chronic mild stress","volume":"83","author":"Song","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2012.0066","article-title":"Treatment with adjunctive N-acetylcysteine in an adolescent with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-resistant anxiety","volume":"22","author":"Strawn","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib93","first-page":"1581","article-title":"Chronic restraint stress impairs acquisition and retention of spatial memory task in rats","volume":"79","author":"Sunanda","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.06.035","article-title":"Antidepressant like effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors involve modulation of imidazoline receptors by agmatine","volume":"57","author":"Taksande","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(02)00308-1","article-title":"Strain-dependent modification of behavior following antidepressant treatment","volume":"27","author":"Tejani-Butt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300347","article-title":"Chronic fluoxetine treatment partly attenuates the long-term anxiety and depressive symptoms induced by MDMA ('Ecstasy') in rats","volume":"29","author":"Thompson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.09.048","article-title":"Dentate gyrus volume and memory performance in major depressive disorder","volume":"172","author":"Travis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2017.05.005","article-title":"Inactivation of basolateral amygdala prevents chronic immobilization stress-induced memory impairment and associated changes in corticosterone levels","volume":"142","author":"Tripathi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2018.07.016","article-title":"Basolateral amygdalar inactivation blocks chronic stress-induced lamina-specific reduction in prefrontal cortex volume and associated anxiety-like behavior","volume":"88","author":"Tripathi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1057-1","article-title":"Inactivation of basolateral amygdala prevents stress-induced astroglial loss in the prefrontal cortex","volume":"56","author":"Tripathi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2017.12.006","article-title":"Prevention of chronic immobilization stress-induced enhanced expression of glucocorticoid receptors in the prefrontal cortex by inactivation of basolateral amygdala","volume":"95","author":"Tripathi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Chem. Neuroanat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.023","article-title":"N-acetyl cysteine prevents synergistic, severe toxicity from two hits of oxidative stress","volume":"560","author":"Unnithan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.02.012","article-title":"Effect of N-acetylcysteine and\/or deferoxamine on oxidative stress and hyperactivity in an animal model of mania","volume":"32","author":"Valvassori","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2004.08.008","article-title":"Antidepressant effects of nicotine and fluoxetine in an animal model of depression induced by neonatal treatment with clomipramine","volume":"29","author":"Vazquez-Palacios","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2279-3","article-title":"Oxotremorine treatment restores hippocampal neurogenesis and ameliorates depression-like behaviour in chronically stressed rats","volume":"217","author":"Veena","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(88)90319-X","article-title":"Animal depression model by neonatal clomipramine: reduction of shock induced aggression","volume":"31","author":"Vogel","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.04.002","article-title":"Hippocampal volume, memory, and cortisol status in major depressive disorder: effects of treatment","volume":"56","author":"Vythilingam","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.03.013","article-title":"Cell number and neuropil alterations in subregions of the anterior hippocampus in a female monkey model of depression","volume":"74","author":"Willard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00187257","article-title":"Reduction of sucrose preference by chronic unpredictable mild stress, and its restoration by a tricyclic antidepressant","volume":"93","author":"Willner","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib110","first-page":"2923","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine modulates glutamatergic dysfunction and depressive behavior in Huntington's disease","volume":"25","author":"Wright","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e492","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2014.131","article-title":"N-Acetylcysteine improves mitochondrial function and ameliorates behavioral deficits in the R6\/1 mouse model of Huntington's disease","volume":"5","author":"Wright","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)91773-L","article-title":"Decreased raphe unit activity in a rat model of endogenous depression","volume":"611","author":"Yavari","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.112.3.725","article-title":"Facilitation of acquisition and performance of operant and spatial learning tasks in self-stimulation experienced rats","volume":"112","author":"Yoganarasimha","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810320017003","article-title":"Loss of glucocorticoid fast feedback in depression","volume":"48","author":"Young","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.12.033","article-title":"Repeated stress causes cognitive impairment by suppressing glutamate receptor expression and function in prefrontal cortex","volume":"73","author":"Yuen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2018.02.003","article-title":"Neural correlates of working memory in first episode and recurrent depression: an fMRI study","volume":"84","author":"Yuksel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Neurochemistry International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S019701861930364X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S019701861930364X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]],"date-time":"2019-12-16T06:44:32Z","timestamp":1576478672000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S019701861930364X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":116,"alternative-id":["S019701861930364X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605","relation":{},"ISSN":["0197-0186"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0197-0186","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"N-acetyl cysteine ameliorates depression-induced cognitive deficits by restoring the volumes of hippocampal subfields and associated neurochemical changes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neurochemistry International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104605","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104605"}}