{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T20:34:46Z","timestamp":1782333286000,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004330","name":"Smoking Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019-2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004330","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16K08560"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16K08560"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurochemistry International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]],"date-time":"2020-12-08T12:16:48Z","timestamp":1607429808000},"page":"104934","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Significance of vagus nerve function in terms of pathogenesis of psychosocial disorders"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"143","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5470-9128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshihiko","family":"Kakinuma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000255691.76142.4a","article-title":"Phenotypic heterogeneity of the endothelium: I. Structure, function, and mechanisms","volume":"100","author":"Aird","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13931","article-title":"Vagal nerve stimulation modifies neuronal activity and the proteome of excitatory synapses of amygdala\/piriform cortex","volume":"140","author":"Alexander","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2017-0648","article-title":"Lactobacilli and bifidobacteria ameliorate memory and learning deficits and oxidative stress in \u03b2-amyloid (1\u201342) injected rats","volume":"43","author":"Athari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2017.05.012","article-title":"Percutaneous electrical nerve field stimulation modulates central pain pathways and attenuates post-inflammatory visceral and somatic hyperalgesia in rats","volume":"356","author":"Babygirija","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.05.034","article-title":"Enterochromaffin cells are gut chemosensors that couple to sensory neural pathways","volume":"170","author":"Bellono","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib6","first-page":"17","article-title":"A patient-level meta-analysis of studies evaluating vagus nerve stimulation therapy for treatment-resistant depression","volume":"6","author":"Berry","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib7","first-page":"H286","article-title":"Cytoskeletal rearrangement mediates human microvascular endothelial tight junction modulation by cytokines","volume":"273","author":"Blum","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.10.003","article-title":"Brain-gut interactions in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"144","author":"Bonaz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5781","DOI":"10.1113\/JP271539","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory properties of the vagus nerve: potential therapeutic implications of vagus nerve stimulation","volume":"594","author":"Bonaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.32.2.164","article-title":"Loss of neurons of origin of the adrenergic projection to cerebral cortex (nucleus locus ceruleus) in senile dementia","volume":"32","author":"Bondareff","year":"1982","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2019.152156","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy in patients with treatment resistant depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"98","author":"Bottomley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16050","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1102999108","article-title":"Ingestion of Lactobacillus strain regulates emotional behavior and central GABA receptor expression in a mouse via the vagus nerve","volume":"108","author":"Bravo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.06.001","article-title":"Microbial reconstitution reverses maternal diet-induced social and synaptic deficits in offspring","volume":"165","author":"Buffington","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-014-1299-7","article-title":"The effect of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation on cortical excitability","volume":"122","author":"Capone","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neural. Transm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.1140","article-title":"Composition, taxonomy and functional diversity of the oropharynx microbiome in individuals with schizophrenia and controls","volume":"3","author":"Castro-Nallar","year":"2015","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00798","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation attenuates cerebral microinfarct and colitis-induced cerebral microinfarct aggravation in mice","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib17","first-page":"395","article-title":"The mechanism of action of vagus nerve stimulation in treatment-resistant depression: current conceptualizations","volume":"41","author":"Conway","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2012.04.005","article-title":"Targeting alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the enteric nervous system: a cholinergic agonist prevents gut barrier failure after severe burn injury","volume":"181","author":"Costantini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3346","article-title":"Mind-altering microorganisms: the impact of the gut microbiota on brain and behaviour","volume":"13","author":"Cryan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2809","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3197-15.2016","article-title":"Activation of alpha 7 cholinergic nicotinic receptors reduce blood-brain barrier permeability following experimental traumatic brain injury","volume":"36","author":"Dash","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq391","article-title":"Chronic vagus nerve stimulation: a new and promising therapeutic approach for chronic heart failure","volume":"32","author":"De Ferrari","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1229","article-title":"Stimulation of the vagus nerve attenuates macrophage activation by activating the Jak2-STAT3 signaling pathway","volume":"6","author":"de Jonge","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib23","first-page":"1084","article-title":"Projections thalamiques, corticales et cerebelleuses des afferences viscerales vagales","volume":"145","author":"Dell","year":"1951","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus Seances Soc. Biol. Ses Fil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib24","article-title":"Effect of probiotic supplementation on schizophrenia symptoms and association with gastrointestinal functioning: a randomized, placebo- controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Dickerson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prim. Care Companion CNS Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12652","article-title":"Adjunctive probiotic microorganisms to prevent rehospitalization in patients with acute mania: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Dickerson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S104","DOI":"10.1038\/533S104a","article-title":"Microbiome: bacterial broadband","volume":"533","author":"Eisenstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s11689-017-9203-z","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation as a potential adjuvant to behavioral therapy for autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders","volume":"9","author":"Engineer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurodev. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4030","article-title":"Host microbiota constantly control maturation and function of microglia in the CNS","volume":"18","author":"Erny","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.12.007","article-title":"The gut microbiome composition associates with bipolar disorder and illness severity","volume":"87","author":"Evans","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-003-0087-6","article-title":"Far field potentials from the brain stem after transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation","volume":"110","author":"Fallgatter","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neural. Transm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.06.078","article-title":"Differential effects of vagus nerve stimulation paradigms guide clinical development for Parkinson's disease","volume":"13","author":"Farrand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.03.012","article-title":"Microbiota-gut-brain signalling in Parkinson's disease: implications for non-motor symptoms","volume":"27","author":"Felice","year":"2016","journal-title":"Park. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2007.08.045","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation increases norepinephrine concentration and the gene expression of BDNF and bFGF in the rat brain","volume":"1179","author":"Follesa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.06.041","article-title":"Vagus nerve regulates the phagocytic and secretory activity of resident macrophages in the liver","volume":"81","author":"Fonseca","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2015.05.003","article-title":"Alternatively activated microglia and macrophages in the central nervous system","volume":"131","author":"Franco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0567-x","article-title":"Decreased neuroinflammation correlates to higher vagus nerve activity fluctuations in near-term ovine fetuses: a case for the afferent cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway?","volume":"13","author":"Frasch","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2012.01.079","article-title":"Changes in microglial activation within the hindbrain, nodose ganglia, and the spinal cord following subdiaphragmatic vagotomy","volume":"513","author":"Gallaher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib38","first-page":"2209","article-title":"Impaired parasympathetic function increases susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease in a mouse model of depression","volume":"118","author":"Ghia","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21531","article-title":"Adoptive transfer of macrophage from mice with depression-like behavior enhances susceptibility to colitis","volume":"17","author":"Ghia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2012.10.014","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide causes an increase in intestinal tight junction permeability in vitro and in vivo by inducing enterocyte membrane expression and localization of TLR-4 and CD14","volume":"182","author":"Guo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41802","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41802","article-title":"Reduction of Abeta amyloid pathology in APPPS1 transgenic mice in the absence of gut microbiota","volume":"7","author":"Harach","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-015-0618-9","article-title":"Transcutaneous noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) in the treatment of schizophrenia: a bicentric randomized controlled pilot study","volume":"265","author":"Hasan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatr. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5816","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13812-z","article-title":"Dual microglia effects on blood brain barrier permeability induced by systemic inflammation","volume":"10","author":"Haruwaka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.01.036","article-title":"Effects of vagus nerve stimulation on heart rate variability in children with epilepsy","volume":"81","author":"Hirfanoglu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2004.11.012","article-title":"Novel pathway for LPS-induced afferent vagus nerve activation: possible role of nodose ganglion","volume":"120","author":"Hosoi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Auton. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib46","first-page":"592127","article-title":"Electroacupuncture at zusanli (ST36) prevents intestinal barrier and remote organ dysfunction following gut ischemia through activating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory-dependent mechanism","author":"Hu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.10.005","article-title":"Modulation of neuroinflammation and memory dysfunction using percutaneous vagus nerve stimulation in mice","volume":"12","author":"Huffman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2015.07.010","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of noradrenaline on LPS-treated microglial cells: suppression of NFkappaB nuclear translocation and subsequent STAT1 phosphorylation","volume":"90","author":"Ishii","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbrainres.2005.09.017","article-title":"Expressions of cytokines and chemokines in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve after right vagotomy","volume":"142","author":"Ji","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2013.1875","article-title":"The role of claudin-5 in blood brain barrier (BBB) and brain metastases","volume":"9","author":"Jia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib51","first-page":"186","volume":"vol. 48","author":"Jiang","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14284","article-title":"Microglia modulation through external vagus nerve stimulation in a murine model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"146","author":"Kaczmarczyk","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2009.07208.x","article-title":"Cholinoceptive and cholinergic properties of cardiomyocytes involving an amplification mechanism for vagal efferent effects in sparsely innervated ventricular myocardium","volume":"276","author":"Kakinuma","year":"2009","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2017.12.007","article-title":"Differences in fecal microbial metabolites and microbiota of children with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"49","author":"Kang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-016-0225-7","article-title":"Microbiota transfer therapy alters gut ecosystem and improves gastrointestinal and autism symptoms: an open-label study","volume":"5","author":"Kang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-192909","article-title":"Transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation improves gastroenteric complaints in Parkinson's disease patients","volume":"45","author":"Kaut","year":"2019","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13510","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13368-2","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of Bifidobacterium breve strain A1 for preventing cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"7","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.5217\/ir.2015.13.1.11","article-title":"Intestinal permeability regulation by tight junction: implication on inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"13","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.10.008","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota impact sepsis associated encephalopathy via the vagus nerve","volume":"662","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(00)70373-8","article-title":"Serotonin released from intestinal enterochromaffin cells mediates luminal non-cholecystokinin-stimulated pancreatic secretion in rats","volume":"118","author":"Li","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00064","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation for depression: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Lv","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-302550","article-title":"The vagal innervation of the gut and immune homeostasis","volume":"62","author":"Matteoli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v67n0801","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation in patients with Alzheimer's disease: additional follow-up results of a pilot study through 1 year","volume":"67","author":"Merrill","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"aad8670","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad8670","article-title":"Microglia development follows a stepwise program to regulate brain homeostasis","volume":"353","author":"Matcovitch-Natan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21114","article-title":"Roles of Rho\/ROCK and MLCK in TNF-alpha-induced changes in endothelial morphology and permeability","volume":"213","author":"McKenzie","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s12950-016-0140-5","article-title":"Electric stimulation of the vagus nerve reduced mouse neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide","volume":"13","author":"Meneses","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22084","article-title":"Cytokine targets in the brain: impact on neurotransmitters and neurocircuits","volume":"30","author":"Miller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm16105","article-title":"Chronic early-life stress in rat pups alters basal corticosterone, intestinal permeability, and fecal microbiota at weaning: influence of sex","volume":"23","author":"Moussaoui","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurogastroenterol. Motil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301288","article-title":"Serial vagus nerve stimulation functional MRI in treatment-resistant depression","volume":"32","author":"Nahas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12378","article-title":"Correlation between the human fecal microbiota and depression","volume":"26","author":"Naseribafrouei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuro Gastroenterol. Motil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032713-120240","article-title":"Microglia development and function","volume":"32","author":"Nayak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2403","article-title":"The impact of the microbiota on the pathogenesis of IBD: lessons from mouse infection models","volume":"8","author":"Nell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3407","article-title":"Development, maintenance and disruption of the blood-brain barrier","volume":"19","author":"Obermeier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4002148","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behavior is mediated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activation in mice","volume":"14","author":"O\u2019connor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.06.005","article-title":"Potentiating a non-neuronal cardiac cholinergic system reinforces the functional integrity of the blood brain barrier associated with systemic anti-inflammatory responses","volume":"81","author":"Oikawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20160277","article-title":"Non-neuronal cardiac cholinergic system influences CNS via the vagus nerve to acquire a stress-refractory propensity","volume":"130","author":"Oikawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Sci. (Lond.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1202529","article-title":"Synaptic pruning by microglia is necessary for normal brain development","volume":"333","author":"Paolicelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G211","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00128.2012","article-title":"Psychoactive bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus (JB-1) elicits rapid frequency facilitation in vagal afferents","volume":"304","author":"Perez-Burgos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2015.51","article-title":"A possible link between early probiotic intervention and the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders later in childhood: a randomized trial","volume":"77","author":"P\u00e4rtty","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2017.05.042","article-title":"The gut-brain axis in Parkinson's disease: possibilities for food-based therapies","volume":"817","author":"Perez-Pardo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00198950","article-title":"The fiber composition of the abdominal vagus of the rat","volume":"181","author":"Prechtl","year":"1990","journal-title":"Anat. Embryol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.07.002","article-title":"Recognition of commensal microflora by toll-like receptors is required for intestinal homeostasis","volume":"118","author":"Rakoff-Nahoum","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2009.07.007","article-title":"Gut chemosensing: interactions between gut endocrine cells and visceral afferents","volume":"153","author":"Raybould","year":"2010","journal-title":"Auton. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1209985","article-title":"Acetylcholine-synthesizing T cells relay neural signals in a vagus nerve circuit","volume":"334","author":"Rosas-Ballina","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.115.063826","article-title":"Microbiome disturbances and autism spectrum disorders","volume":"43","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2010.12.002","article-title":"The Chemical neuroanatomy of vagus nerve stimulation","volume":"42","author":"Ruffoli","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Chem. Neuroanat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.11.018","article-title":"Gut microbiota regulates motor deficits and neuroinflammation in a model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"167","author":"Sampson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16767","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0808567105","article-title":"Effects of the gut microbiota on host adiposity are modulated by the short-chain fatty-acid binding G protein-coupled receptor, Gpr41","volume":"105","author":"Samuel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.11.059","article-title":"Microbial influences in inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"134","author":"Sartor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1838(83)90129-7","article-title":"Central connections of the sensory and motor nuclei of the vagus nerve","volume":"9","author":"Sawchenko","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Auton. Nerv. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v63n1103","article-title":"Cognition-enhancing effect of vagus nerve stimulation in patients with Alzheimer's disease: a pilot study","volume":"63","author":"Sjogren","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1632-z","article-title":"Stress-induced microglial activation occurs through \u03b2-adrenergic receptor: noradrenaline as a key neurotransmitter in microglial activation","volume":"16","author":"Sugama","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.11.042","article-title":"Microbiome influences prenatal and adult microglia in a sex-specific manner","volume":"172","author":"Thion","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3358","article-title":"Layer V cortical neurons require microglial support for survival during postnatal development","volume":"16","author":"Ueno","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0337-x","article-title":"The neuroactive potential of the human gut microbiota in quality of life and depression","volume":"4","author":"Valles-Colomer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2019.01.042","article-title":"Neuromodulation of autism spectrum disorders using vagal nerve stimulation","volume":"63","author":"van Hoorn","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13537","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13601-y","article-title":"Gut microbiome alterations in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"7","author":"Vogt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01339","article-title":"Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 subunit is an essential regulator of inflammation","volume":"421","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2013.12.015","article-title":"The role of microbiome in central nervous system disorders","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v8.i3.540","article-title":"Evidences for vagus nerve in maintenance of immune balance and transmission of immune information from gut to brain in STM-infected rats","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.01.034","article-title":"Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation reduces blood-brain barrier disruption in a rat model of ischemic stroke","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(52)90064-3","article-title":"The effect of vagal afferent stimulation on the EEG pattern of the cat","volume":"4","author":"Zanchetti","year":"1952","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e318299e9c0","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation attenuates intestinal epithelial tight junctions disruption in endotoxemic mice through alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors","volume":"40","author":"Zhou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.01.003","article-title":"The blood-brain barrier in health and chronic neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"57","author":"Zlokovic","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"}],"container-title":["Neurochemistry International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0197018620303259?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0197018620303259?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T05:43:07Z","timestamp":1777527787000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0197018620303259"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"references-count":104,"alternative-id":["S0197018620303259"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934","relation":{},"ISSN":["0197-0186"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0197-0186","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Significance of vagus nerve function in terms of pathogenesis of psychosocial disorders","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neurochemistry International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104934","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104934"}}