{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T19:20:23Z","timestamp":1790364023679,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurochemistry International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T16:58:14Z","timestamp":1764003494000},"page":"106092","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Essential oils by name and by nature: a review of their antioxidant and neuroprotective potential in Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"192","author":[{"given":"Claudia","family":"Cannas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Zoroddu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra Tiziana","family":"Peana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaia","family":"Rocchitta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Bagella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rossana","family":"Migheli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26041107","article-title":"Essential oils as a potential neuroprotective remedy for age-related neurodegenerative diseases: a review","volume":"26","author":"Abd Rashed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib2","article-title":"Beneficial role of rosemary extract on oxidative stress-mediated neuronal apoptosis in rotenone-induced attention deficit hyperactivity disease in juvenile rat model","volume":"94","author":"Abdelrazik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Biomedica Atenei Parmensis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.12187","volume":"40","author":"Ademosun","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Food Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3793","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26133793","article-title":"Essential oils of seven lamiaceae plants and their antioxidant capacity","volume":"26","author":"Aebisher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.245467","article-title":"Essential oils and functional herbs for healthy aging","volume":"14","author":"Agatonovic-Kustrin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.2733","article-title":"Flavonoid constituents of phlomis (lamiaceae) species using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry","volume":"29","author":"Aghakhani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phytochem. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib7","article-title":"Neurodegenerative diseases: from molecular basis to therapy","volume":"23","author":"Agnello","year":"2022","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s10616-011-9418-x","article-title":"S. choloroleuca, S. mirzayanii and S. santolinifolia protect PC12 cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis by blocking the intrinsic pathway","volume":"64","author":"Alamdary","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cytotechnology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450122666210623115505","article-title":"Parkinson's disease: a current perspectives on parkinson's disease andKey bioactive natural compounds as future potential drug candidates","volume":"23","author":"Ali","year":"2022","journal-title":"CDT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3299","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21093299","article-title":"Role of mesenchymal stem cells in counteracting oxidative stress\u2014related neurodegeneration","volume":"21","author":"Angeloni","year":"2020","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12010094","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disorders and potential neuroprotective activity of agrifood By-Products","volume":"12","author":"Angeloni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30230-7","article-title":"The epidemiology of Parkinson's disease: risk factors and prevention","volume":"15","author":"Ascherio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24010065","article-title":"Nutraceutical oils produced by olives and citrus peel of tuscany varieties as sources of functional ingredients","volume":"24","author":"Ascrizzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00168","article-title":"Neuroprotective and anti-aging potentials of essential oils from aromatic and medicinal plants","volume":"9","author":"Ayaz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200219666180723144850","article-title":"Essential oils: extraction techniques, pharmaceutical and therapeutic potential - a review","volume":"19","author":"Aziz","year":"2018","journal-title":"CDM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.20248","article-title":"Mechanism of DNA damage by cadmium and interplay of antioxidant enzymes and agents","volume":"22","author":"Badisa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2010.01.013","article-title":"Neuropharmacology of the essential oil of bergamot","volume":"81","author":"Bagetta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.5455\/bcp.20121030014051","article-title":"Monoamine oxidase inhibitors and neuroprotective mechanisms","volume":"22","author":"Baker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Klinik Psikofarmakoloji B\u00fclteni-Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2019.110835","article-title":"Carvacrol inhibits cadmium toxicity through combating against caspase dependent\/independent apoptosis in PC12 cells","volume":"134","author":"Banik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6645720","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of turmeric extract in combination with its essential oil and enhanced brain bioavailability in an animal model","volume":"2021","author":"Banji","year":"2021","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib21","series-title":"Essential Oils in Food Preservation, Flavor and Safety","first-page":"247","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2023.105799","article-title":"Unveiling Nature's potential: promising natural compounds in Parkinson's disease management","volume":"115","author":"Bhusal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Parkinsonism & Related Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.956541","article-title":"Essential oils as multicomponent mixtures and their potential for human health and well-being","volume":"13","author":"Bunse","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13060645","article-title":"Food and food waste antioxidants: could they be a potent defence against parkinson's disease?","volume":"13","author":"Cannas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6827","article-title":"Lavender and coriander essential oils and their main component linalool exert a protective effect against amyloid\u2010\u03b2 neurotoxicity","volume":"35","author":"Caputo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytother Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27082467","article-title":"Molecular modeling and experimental evaluation of non-chiral components of bergamot essential oil with inhibitory activity against human monoamine oxidases","volume":"27","author":"Catalano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chemistry of Essential Oils, n.d. , in: Flavours and Fragrances. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 43\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-49339-6_4.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-49339-6_4"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8654","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168654","article-title":"From menopause to neurodegeneration\u2014molecular basis and potential therapy","volume":"22","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10091829","article-title":"Chemical composition and assessment of antimicrobial activity of lavender essential oil and some By-Products","volume":"10","author":"Ciocarlan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707237","article-title":"Cell signaling pathways in the mechanisms of neuroprotection afforded by bergamot essential oil against NMDA\u2010induced cell death in vitro","volume":"151","author":"Corasaniti","year":"2007","journal-title":"British J Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2020.111766","article-title":"Bergamot essential oil attenuate aluminum-induced anxiety-like behavior through antioxidation, anti-inflammatory and GABA regulation in rats","volume":"145","author":"Cui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22081382","article-title":"Composition and antioxidant, antienzymatic and antimicrobial activities of volatile molecules from Spanish Salvia lavandulifolia (Vahl) essential oils","volume":"22","author":"Cutillas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2013.04.013","article-title":"Oral administration of d-Limonene controls inflammation in rat colitis and displays anti-inflammatory properties as diet supplementation in humans","volume":"92","author":"d'Alessio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-019-01793-1","article-title":"L-linalool exerts a neuroprotective action on hemiparkinsonian rats","volume":"393","author":"De Lucena","year":"2020","journal-title":"Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-016-9620-x","article-title":"Carnosic acid affords mitochondrial protection in chlorpyrifos-treated Sh-Sy5y cells","volume":"30","author":"De Oliveira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurotox. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13071144","article-title":"Essential oils: chemistry and pharmacological activities","volume":"13","author":"De Sousa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.3390\/life13030634","article-title":"Essential oil composition analysis, antimicrobial activities, and biosystematic studies on six species of salvia","volume":"13","author":"Demirpolat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-2020-0126","article-title":"Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from tangerine (citrus reticulata L.), grapefruit (citrus paradisi L.), lemon (citrus lemon L.) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum blume)","volume":"76","author":"Denkova-Kostova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Z. Naturforsch. C Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2008.04.020","article-title":"Curcuma oil modulates the nitric oxide system response to cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury","volume":"19","author":"Dohare","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4164","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12244164","article-title":"Chemical compositions of essential oil extracted from eight thyme species and potential biological functions","volume":"12","author":"Dong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib41","first-page":"1966","article-title":"Biological activities and safety of citrus spp","volume":"19","author":"Dosoky","year":"2018","journal-title":"Essential Oils. IJMS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a028035","article-title":"Pathology of neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"9","author":"Dugger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/conf.fpsyg.2018.74.00004","article-title":"Speed in your nose: the effect of a nebulized essential oil on reaction time and brain function","volume":"9","author":"Dwyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4535","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26154535","article-title":"Neuroprotective potential of limonene and limonene containing natural products","volume":"26","author":"Eddin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186864","article-title":"Modulation of T-type Ca2+ channels by lavender and rosemary extracts","volume":"12","author":"El Alaoui","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bse.2024.104875","article-title":"GC-MS-MS analysis and biological properties determination of Mentha piperita L., essential oils","volume":"116","author":"El Omari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochem. Systemat. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.909833","article-title":"Neuroprotective potential of aromatic herbs: Rosemary, sage, and lavender","volume":"16","author":"Faridzadeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-015-0157-y","article-title":"Oxidative stress in alzheimer's disease: should we keep trying antioxidant therapies?","volume":"35","author":"Ferreira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2024.148966","article-title":"Investigating the effects of Thymus vulgaris essential oil, Allium cepa extract, and their active compounds (thymol and quercetin) on expression profile of genes related to Alzheimer's disease in PC12 model cell","volume":"1838","author":"Foroughi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2690","DOI":"10.1021\/jf960685f","article-title":"Insecticidal and genotoxic activities of mint essential oils","volume":"45","author":"Franzios","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib51","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis L.) and its active constituents on nervous system disorders","author":"Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.02.019","article-title":"New insights into the anticancer activity of carnosol: p53 reactivation in the U87MG human glioblastoma cell line","volume":"74","author":"Giacomelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib53","article-title":"A systematic review of the therapeutic properties of lemon essential oil","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2024","journal-title":"Advances in Integrative Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(84)80040-7","article-title":"The effect of quenching agents on contact urticaria caused by cinnamic aldehyde","volume":"10","author":"Guin","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18491","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c08295","article-title":"Potential mechanisms of imidacloprid-induced neurotoxicity in adult rats with attempts on protection using Origanum majorana L. Oil\/Extract: in Vivo and In Silico studies","volume":"8","author":"Hassanen","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.03.001","article-title":"Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism","volume":"132","author":"Hayes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115467","article-title":"1,8-cineole (eucalyptol): a versatile phytochemical with therapeutic applications across multiple diseases","volume":"167","author":"Hoch","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-916255","article-title":"Antitrypanosomal compounds from the leaf essential oil of Strychnos spinosa","volume":"72","author":"Hoet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib59","article-title":"Essential oils","volume":"75","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Z. Naturforsch. C Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10051090","article-title":"Aromatic-turmerone analogs protect dopaminergic neurons in midbrain slice cultures through their neuroprotective activities","volume":"10","author":"Hori","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7444","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28217444","article-title":"Mentha piperita: essential oil and extracts, their biological activities, and perspectives on the development of new medicinal and cosmetic products","volume":"28","author":"Hudz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.4161\/cbt.7.11.6740","article-title":"Anti colon cancer components from Lebanese sage (Salvia libanotica) essential oil: mechanistic basis","volume":"7","author":"Itani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Biol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20071538","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of thymol, a dietary monoterpene against dopaminergic neurodegeneration in rotenone-induced rat model of parkinson's disease","volume":"20","author":"Javed","year":"2019","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2011.03.011","article-title":"Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of rosemary","volume":"32","author":"Jiang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5179","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065179","article-title":"Salvia sclarea essential oil chemical composition and biological activities","volume":"24","author":"Ka\u010d\u00e1niov\u00e1","year":"2023","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2007.11.016","article-title":"Effects of direct exposure of green odour components on dopamine release from rat brain striatal slices and PC12 cells","volume":"75","author":"Kako","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1021\/jf970822o","article-title":"Insecticidal and genotoxic activities of oregano essential oils","volume":"46","author":"Karpouhtsis","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib68","article-title":"Review of the rose essential oil extraction by hydrodistillation: an investigation for the optimum operating condition for maximum yield","volume":"29","author":"Katekar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustain. Chem. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10081029","article-title":"Volatile terpenes and brain function: investigation of the cognitive and mood effects of mentha \u00d7 piperita L. essential oil with In vitro properties relevant to central nervous system function","volume":"10","author":"Kennedy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnr.0000239951.14954.10","article-title":"Carnosol, a component of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) protects nigral dopaminergic neuronal cells","volume":"17","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib71","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lavender and the nervous system","author":"Koulivand","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evid. base Compl. Alternative Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4125","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25184125","article-title":"Thymol and thyme essential Oil\u2014New insights into selected therapeutic applications","volume":"25","author":"Kowalczyk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22060989","article-title":"Essential oils of oregano: biological activity beyond their antimicrobial properties","volume":"22","author":"Leyva-L\u00f3pez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2018.01.017","article-title":"Carvacrol prevents impairments in motor and neurochemical parameters in a model of progressive parkinsonism induced by reserpine","volume":"139","author":"Lins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2525967","article-title":"Oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases: from molecular mechanisms to clinical applications","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3221","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-016-2223-0","article-title":"Role of Nrf2\/HO-1 system in development, oxidative stress response and diseases: an evolutionarily conserved mechanism","volume":"73","author":"Loboda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2010.541924","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of Citrus limon essential oil in mouse hippocampus","volume":"49","author":"Lopes Camp\u00ealo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.17.01183","article-title":"Carnosic acid and carnosol, two major antioxidants of rosemary, act through different mechanisms","volume":"175","author":"Loussouarn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib79","article-title":"Role of oxidative stress and nitric oxide in atherothrombosis","volume":"5323","author":"Lubos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phyplu.2021.100073","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of (R)-(-)-linalool on oxidative stress in PC12 cells","volume":"1","author":"Migheli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytomed. Plus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11010127","article-title":"Rose flowers\u2014A delicate perfume or a natural healer?","volume":"11","author":"Mileva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib82","first-page":"1","article-title":"An in vitro system comprising immortalized hypothalamic neuronal cells (GT1\u20137 cells) for evaluation of the neuroendocrine effects of essential oils","author":"Mizuno","year":"2015","journal-title":"Evid. base Compl. Alternative Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-017-1067-2","article-title":"Protective effect of origanum oil on alterations of some trace elements and antioxidant levels induced by mercuric chloride in Male rats","volume":"182","author":"Mohamed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8812","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158812","article-title":"Forest biomass as a promising source of bioactive essential oil and phenolic compounds for alzheimer's disease therapy","volume":"23","author":"Moreira","year":"2022","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1080\/00207450390161903","article-title":"Aromas of rosemary and lavender essential oils differentially affect cognition and mood in healthy adults","volume":"113","author":"Moss","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.7813\/2075-4124.2013\/5-3\/A.26","article-title":"Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of the thyme and rosemary","volume":"5","author":"Mostafa Abozid","year":"2013","journal-title":"IJAR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2877","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7783","article-title":"Rose essential oil diminishes dopaminergic neuron degenerations and reduces \u03b1\u2010synuclein aggregation in Caenorhabditis elegans models of Parkinson's disease","volume":"37","author":"Muhammad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytother Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2017.11.004","article-title":"Effects of rosmarinus officinalis L. on memory performance, anxiety, depression, and sleep quality in university students: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"30","author":"Nematolahi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Compl. Ther. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-006-0842-2","article-title":"Authenticity control of essential oils containing citronellal and citral by chiral and stable-isotope gas-chromatographic analysis","volume":"386","author":"Nhu-Trang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.03.006","article-title":"Reducing oxidative toxicity of L-dopa in combination with two different antioxidants: an essential oil isolated from Rosa damascena mill., and vitamin C","volume":"6","author":"Nikolova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2016.06.024","article-title":"Protective effect of two essential oils isolated from Rosa damascena mill. and Lavandula angustifolia mill, and two classic antioxidants against L-dopa oxidative toxicity induced in healthy mice","volume":"81","author":"Nikolova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-022-03524-1","article-title":"Thymol protects against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in in vivo and in vitro model of Parkinson's disease via inhibiting oxidative stress","volume":"22","author":"Nourmohammadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Complement Med Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12020517","article-title":"Oxidative stress and antioxidants in neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"12","author":"Olufunmilayo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4210","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29174210","article-title":"Turmeric essential oil constituents as potential drug candidates: a comprehensive overview of their individual bioactivities","volume":"29","author":"Orellana-Paucar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.13558","article-title":"Citrus spp . essential oils improve behavioral pattern, repressed cholinesterases and monoamine oxidase activities, and production of reactive species in fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"45","author":"Oyeleye","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Food Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e32830abc1f","article-title":"Beneficial effects of carnosic acid on dieldrin-induced dopaminergic neuronal cell death","volume":"19","author":"Park","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2015.03.002","article-title":"Protective properties of Salvia lavandulifolia vahl. essential oil against oxidative stress-induced neuronal injury","volume":"80","author":"Porres-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib98","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lamiaceae essential oils, phytochemical profile, antioxidant, and biological activities","author":"Ramos Da Silva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Evid. base Compl. Alternative Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2009.00467.x","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of limonene on normal murine lymphocytes: relation to H2 O2 modulation and cell proliferation","volume":"106","author":"Roberto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Basic Clin Pharma Tox"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2019.112909","article-title":"HPTLC based approach for bioassay-guided evaluation of antidiabetic and neuroprotective effects of eight essential oils of the lamiaceae family plants","volume":"178","author":"Romero Rocamora","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pharmaceut. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(01)00200-5","article-title":"Potent antimutagenic activity of white tea in comparison with green tea in the salmonella assay","volume":"495","author":"Santana-Rios","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mutat. Res., Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3771","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28093771","article-title":"The effects of essential oils on the nervous system: a scoping review","volume":"28","author":"Sattayakhom","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-011-0519-9","article-title":"Antioxidant and antiglycating activities of Salvia sahendica and its protective effect against oxidative stress in neuron-like PC12 cells","volume":"65","author":"Shaerzadeh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2024.148954","article-title":"Neuroprotective role of carvacrol via Nrf2\/HO-1\/NLRP3 axis in Rotenone-induced PD mice model","volume":"1836","author":"Shah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib105","first-page":"25","article-title":"Role of MAO A and B in neurotransmitter metabolism and behavior","volume":"51","author":"Shih","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pol. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25249","article-title":"The genetics of Parkinson's disease: progress and therapeutic implications","volume":"28","author":"Singleton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jab.2014.08.002","article-title":"Limited protective properties of thymol and thyme oil on differentiated PC12 cells with downregulated Mgst1","volume":"12","author":"Sobczak","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12121504","article-title":"Essential oil molecules can break the loop of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"12","author":"Spisni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28041845","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of phenolic compounds in medicinal plants\u2014natural health products for human health","volume":"28","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2019.05.001","article-title":"d-Limonene protects PC12 cells against corticosterone-induced neurotoxicity by activating the AMPK pathway","volume":"70","author":"Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-009-9475-y","article-title":"Tocopherol, carotene, phenolic contents and antibacterial properties of rose essential oil, hydrosol and absolute","volume":"59","author":"Ulusoy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib112","author":"Umezu"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib113","series-title":"Enhancement of nose-brain Delivery of Therapeutic Agents for Treating Neurodegenerative Diseases Using Peppermint Oil","author":"Vaka","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-010-9357-6","article-title":"Cadmium and transport of ions and substances across cell membranes and epithelia","volume":"23","author":"Van Kerkhove","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biometals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00061-2","article-title":"Progress towards therapies for disease modification in Parkinson's disease","volume":"20","author":"Vijiaratnam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29020435","article-title":"Chemical composition, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of oregano essential oil","volume":"29","author":"Walasek-Janusz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2007.04.038","article-title":"Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in 32 selected herbs","volume":"105","author":"Wojdylo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.11.011","article-title":"Carnosic acid protects against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in in vivo and in vitro model of Parkinson's disease: involvement of antioxidative enzymes induction","volume":"225","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2016.08.030","article-title":"Protective effect of lavender oil on scopolamine induced cognitive deficits in mice and H2O2 induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells","volume":"193","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-018-0455-3","article-title":"Targeting oxidative stress, acetylcholinesterase, proinflammatory cytokine, dopamine and GABA by eucalyptus oil (Eucalyptus globulus) to alleviate ketamine-induced psychosis in rats","volume":"27","author":"Yadav","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03033355","article-title":"Implications of co-morbidity for etiology and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases with multifunctional neuroprotective-neurorescue drugs; ladostigil","volume":"10","author":"Youdim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurotox. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2024.118014","article-title":"Structural optimization of naturally derived Ar-turmerone, as novel neuroinflammation suppressors effective in an alzheimer mouse model","volume":"117","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."}],"container-title":["Neurochemistry International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0197018625001652?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0197018625001652?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T18:00:56Z","timestamp":1767895256000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0197018625001652"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":122,"alternative-id":["S0197018625001652"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092","relation":{},"ISSN":["0197-0186"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0197-0186","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Essential oils by name and by nature: a review of their antioxidant and neuroprotective potential in Parkinson's disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neurochemistry International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106092","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106092"}}