{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:24:09Z","timestamp":1787063049172,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,6,27]],"date-time":"2027-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1814054400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":299,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000090","name":"US Office of Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurochemistry International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T06:47:28Z","timestamp":1782283648000},"page":"106210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Mesenchymal stem cell secretome attenuates disease-associated microglial activation and cognitive decline in TBI-associated neuroinflammation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"198","author":[{"given":"Pratheepa Kumari","family":"Rasiah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saifudeen","family":"Ismael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally","family":"Elshaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Awad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd","family":"Salman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengjun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongsik","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akhilesh K.","family":"Bajpai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca-Fang","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mickey","family":"Pentecost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tauheed","family":"Ishrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6664-8286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajashekhar","family":"Gangaraju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4124","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-022-02839-x","article-title":"Direct AT2R stimulation slows post-stroke cognitive decline in the 5XFAD Alzheimer's Disease mice","volume":"59","author":"Ahmed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-02005-x","article-title":"Cellular infiltration in traumatic brain injury","volume":"17","author":"Alam","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6446(02)02452-2","article-title":"Permeability issues in nasal drug delivery","volume":"7","author":"Arora","year":"2002","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12256","article-title":"Reactive or transgenic increase in microglial TYROBP reveals a TREM2-independent TYROBP\u2013APOE link in wild-type and alzheimer's-related mice","volume":"17","author":"Audrain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00488","article-title":"Microglia in neurological diseases: a road map to brain-disease dependent-inflammatory response","volume":"12","author":"Bachiller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01170","article-title":"The transcriptional landscape of microglial genes in aging and neurodegenerative disease","volume":"10","author":"Bonham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13378","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell therapy alleviates the neuroinflammation associated with acquired brain injury","volume":"26","author":"Bonsack","year":"2020","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-017-8915-1","article-title":"Myeloid cells expressing high level of CD45 are associated with a distinct activated phenotype in glioma","volume":"65","author":"Brandenburg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol. Res."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4215","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1910-21.2022","article-title":"Chronic cortical inflammation, cognitive impairment, and immune reactivity associated with Diffuse brain injury are ameliorated by forced turnover of microglia","volume":"42","author":"Bray","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2005.10.020","article-title":"Morris water maze search strategy analysis in PDAPP mice before and after experimental traumatic brain injury","volume":"197","author":"Brody","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2017.05.006","article-title":"Gene co-expression networks identify Trem2 and Tyrobp as major hubs in human APOE expressing mice following traumatic brain injury","volume":"105","author":"Castranio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib12","article-title":"\"Traumatic brain injury & concussion","year":"2025","journal-title":"Traumatic Brain Injury & Concussion.\""},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.12685","article-title":"In vivo dual fluorescence imaging to detect joint destruction","volume":"40","author":"Cho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Artif. Organs"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15941","article-title":"Progression of reactive gliosis and astroglial phenotypic changes following stab wound-induced traumatic brain injury in mice","volume":"167","author":"Cieri","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49428-y","article-title":"Pioglitazone treatment prior to transplantation improves the efficacy of human mesenchymal stem cells after traumatic brain injury in rats","volume":"9","author":"Das","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2018-0015","article-title":"Vision impairment after traumatic brain injury: present knowledge and future directions","volume":"30","author":"Das","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2016.02.002","article-title":"Novel pharmaceutical treatments for minimal traumatic brain injury and evaluation of animal models and methodologies supporting their development","volume":"272","author":"Deselms","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2019.134294","article-title":"Relationship of traumatic brain injury to chronic mental health problems and dementia in military veterans","volume":"707","author":"Elder","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23010249","article-title":"Modulation of mesenchymal stem cells for enhanced therapeutic utility in ischemic vascular diseases","volume":"23","author":"Elshaer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-018-1059-y","article-title":"Adipose stem cells and their paracrine factors are therapeutic for early retinal complications of diabetes in the Ins2(Akita) mouse","volume":"9","author":"Elshaer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12675","article-title":"Intranasal delivery of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes reduces oxidative stress and markedly inhibits ethanol consumption and post-deprivation relapse drinking","volume":"24","author":"Ezquer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addict. Biol."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21207800","article-title":"Intranasal administration of mesenchymal stem cell secretome reduces hippocampal oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and cell death, improving the behavioral outcome following perinatal asphyxia","volume":"21","author":"Farf\u00e1n","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib23","series-title":"Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Conditioned Media and Methods of Making and Using the Same (AU 2017218143 B2)","author":"Gangaraju","year":"2017"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1102609","article-title":"Placebo-controlled trial of amantadine for severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"366","author":"Giacino","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6289","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-10419-1","article-title":"Time dependent analysis of rat microglial surface markers in traumatic brain injury reveals dynamics of distinct cell subpopulations","volume":"12","author":"Gottlieb","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"613","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abg9922","article-title":"Axonal marker neurofilament light predicts long-term outcomes and progressive neurodegeneration after traumatic brain injury","volume":"13","author":"Graham","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2019.03.013","article-title":"Amelioration of visual deficits and visual system pathology after mild TBI with the cannabinoid type-2 receptor inverse agonist SMM-189","volume":"182","author":"Guley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-14-7","article-title":"GSVA: gene set variation analysis for microarray and RNA-seq data","volume":"14","author":"Hanzelmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Bioinf."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.3456","article-title":"Intranasal delivery of mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles for the treatment of neurological diseases","volume":"39","author":"Herman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cell."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.06.007","article-title":"Myeloid cells in the central nervous system","volume":"46","author":"Herz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3554","article-title":"The microglial sensome revealed by direct RNA sequencing","volume":"16","author":"Hickman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2022.108966","article-title":"Raloxifene, a cannabinoid type-2 receptor inverse agonist, mitigates visual deficits and pathology and modulates microglia after ocular blast","volume":"218","author":"Honig","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-025-10216-3","article-title":"TNF-stimulated Gene-6, part of extracellular vesicles in adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell concentrated conditioned medium, affects microglial activity","volume":"20","author":"Hossain","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20607","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury induces biphasic upregulation of ApoE and ApoJ protein in rats","volume":"82","author":"Iwata","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"issue":"307","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib35","article-title":"Time-dependent changes in microglia transcriptional networks following traumatic brain injury","volume":"13","author":"Izzy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1436-1","article-title":"TSG-6 in conditioned media from adipose mesenchymal stem cells protect s against visual deficits in mild traumatic brain injury model through neurovascular modulation","volume":"10","author":"Jha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19072016","article-title":"Concentrated conditioned media from adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells mitigates visual deficits and retinal inflammation following mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"19","author":"Jha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2022.108930","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell secretome protects against oxidative stress-induced ocular blast visual pathologies","volume":"215","author":"Jha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.01097","article-title":"Enduring neuroprotective effect of subacute neural stem cell transplantation after penetrating TBI","volume":"9","author":"Kassi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0239219","article-title":"Rps27a might act as a controller of microglia activation in triggering neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"15","author":"Khayer","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0201-4","article-title":"Graph-based genome alignment and genotyping with HISAT2 and HISAT-genotype","volume":"37","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3905","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-00955-5","article-title":"Temporal unsnarling of brain's acute neuroinflammatory transcriptional profiles reveals panendothelitis as the earliest event preceding microgliosis","volume":"26","author":"Kodali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000187","article-title":"Emergency department evaluation of traumatic brain injury in the United States, 2009-2010","volume":"31","author":"Korley","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Head Trauma Rehabil."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4469","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad279","article-title":"Astrogliosis marker 11C-SL25.1188 PET in traumatic brain injury with persistent symptoms","volume":"146","author":"Koshimori","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2021.08.210","article-title":"Novel microglia-mediated mechanisms underlying synaptic loss and cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury","volume":"98","author":"Krukowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2016.09.001","article-title":"Recombinant human erythropoietin improves functional recovery in patients with severe traumatic brain injury: a randomized, double blind and controlled clinical trial","volume":"150","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt656","article-title":"featureCounts: an efficient general purpose program for assigning sequence reads to genomic features","volume":"30","author":"Liao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03503-x","article-title":"Fluid proteomics of CSF and serum reveal important neuroinflammatory proteins in blood-brain barrier disruption and outcome prediction following severe traumatic brain injury: a prospective, observational study","volume":"25","author":"Lindblad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"issue":"0 3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2015.08.018","article-title":"Microglia in the TBI brain: the good, the bad, and the dysregulated","volume":"275 Pt 3","author":"Loane","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","article-title":"Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2","volume":"15","author":"Love","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002331","article-title":"Years of life lost due to traumatic brain injury in Europe: a cross-sectional analysis of 16 countries","volume":"14","author":"Majdan","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.567404","article-title":"Differential roles of TREM2+ microglia in anterograde and retrograde axonal injury models","volume":"14","author":"Manich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52892-6.00004-0","article-title":"The neuropathology of traumatic brain injury","volume":"127","author":"McKee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1226","article-title":"Mapping and quantifying mammalian transcriptomes by RNA-seq","volume":"5","author":"Mortazavi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.133129","article-title":"Stem cells in neuroinjury and neurodegenerative disorders: challenges and future neurotherapeutic prospects","volume":"9","author":"Mouhieddine","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2015.01.014","article-title":"DNA damage stress induces the expression of ribosomal protein S27a gene in a p53-dependent manner","volume":"559","author":"Nosrati","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2022.108953","article-title":"Minocycline suppresses disease-associated microglia (DAM) in a model of photoreceptor cell degeneration","volume":"217","author":"Ozaki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2020.135462","article-title":"Microglia depletion and cognitive functions after brain injury: from trauma to galactic cosmic ray","volume":"741","author":"Paladini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8898","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-63952-8","article-title":"Fate mapping of peripherally-derived macrophages after traumatic brain injury in mice reveals a long-lasting population with a distinct transcriptomic signature","volume":"16","author":"Paladini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7567","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-024-04035-5","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury in mice generates early-stage Alzheimer's disease related protein pathology that correlates with neurobehavioral deficits","volume":"61","author":"Panayi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.0039","article-title":"Time course and diagnostic accuracy of glial and neuronal blood biomarkers GFAP and UCH-L1 in a large cohort of trauma patients with and without mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"73","author":"Papa","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib62","author":"Peterson"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1038\/s41536-021-00182-8","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies testing mesenchymal stromal cells for traumatic brain injury","volume":"6","author":"Pischiutta","year":"2021","journal-title":"npj Regen. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-018-0254-8","article-title":"Identification and therapeutic modulation of a pro-inflammatory subset of disease-associated-microglia in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"13","author":"Rangaraju","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-025-04804-6","article-title":"Neurotrauma induced retinal basement membrane COL4A1 defects are restored by adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cell concentrated conditioned medium","volume":"16","author":"Rasiah","year":"2025","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.11.10.1","article-title":"A long-term safety and efficacy report on intravitreal delivery of adipose stem cells and secretome on visual deficits after traumatic brain injury","volume":"11","author":"Rasiah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl. Vis. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib67","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury and stem cell: pathophysiology and update on recent treatment modalities","volume":"2017","author":"Reis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cell. Int."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-025-01743-2","article-title":"Effects of fasudil against photothrombotic stroke in genetically modified obese (ob\/ob) mice","volume":"40","author":"Salman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2025.115268","article-title":"Fasudil mitigates diabetes-associated cognitive decline and enhances neuroprotection by suppressing NLRP3\/Caspase-1\/GSDMD signaling in a stroke mouse model","volume":"389","author":"Salman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22389","article-title":"The \"quad-partite\" synapse: microglia-synapse interactions in the developing and mature CNS","volume":"61","author":"Schafer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1997.14.615","article-title":"Morris water maze deficits in rats following traumatic brain injury: lateral controlled cortical impact","volume":"14","author":"Scheff","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4663","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13898","article-title":"Serum NfL and GFAP as biomarkers of progressive neurodegeneration in TBI","volume":"20","author":"Shahim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Dement."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-021-01226-2","article-title":"Chronic complement dysregulation drives neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury: a transcriptomic study","volume":"9","author":"Toutonji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.03.010","article-title":"Applications of the Morris water maze in translational traumatic brain injury research","volume":"88","author":"Tucker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2000.93.5.0829","article-title":"Improvement in mitochondrial dysfunction as a new surrogate efficiency measure for preclinical trials: dose-response and time-window profiles for administration of the calcium channel blocker Ziconotide in experimental brain injury","volume":"93","author":"Verweij","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"44","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27667","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2010430117","article-title":"\"P7C3-A20 treatment one year after TBI in mice repairs the blood\u2013brain barrier, arrests chronic neurodegeneration, and restores cognition.\"","volume":"117","author":"V\u00e1zquez-Rosa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-02041-7","article-title":"Mer regulates microglial\/macrophage M1\/M2 polarization and alleviates neuroinflammation following traumatic brain injury","volume":"18","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-021-01178-7","article-title":"Mild traumatic brain injury induces microvascular injury and accelerates alzheimer-like pathogenesis in mice","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.05.002","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E in lipid metabolism and neurodegenerative disease","volume":"34","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-026-08052-x","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells and secretome as modulators of neuroinflammation in neurological disorders","author":"Yao","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.11.JNS14770","article-title":"Effect of exosomes derived from multipluripotent mesenchymal stromal cells on functional recovery and neurovascular plasticity in rats after traumatic brain injury","volume":"122","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.3934\/mbe.2021065","article-title":"Integration of single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing data reveals key cell types and regulators in traumatic brain injury","volume":"18","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Math. Biosci. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0695-9","article-title":"Human and mouse single-nucleus transcriptomics reveal TREM2-dependent and TREM2-independent cellular responses in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"26","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."}],"container-title":["Neurochemistry International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0197018626001014?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0197018626001014?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T17:04:22Z","timestamp":1783443862000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0197018626001014"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":83,"alternative-id":["S0197018626001014"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210","relation":{},"ISSN":["0197-0186"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0197-0186","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Mesenchymal stem cell secretome attenuates disease-associated microglial activation and cognitive decline in TBI-associated neuroinflammation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neurochemistry International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106210","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106210"}}