{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T13:30:45Z","timestamp":1787059845408,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,7,6]],"date-time":"2027-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1814832000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":278,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019115","name":"National Football League Players Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019115","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000185","name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000185","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurochemistry International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T16:28:19Z","timestamp":1782923299000},"page":"106212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Mild traumatic brain injury produces persistent wake-state instability and EEG slowing despite carbon monoxide neuroprotection"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"199","author":[{"given":"Rebecca Y.","family":"Broadhurst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa A.","family":"Voltarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janick","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"William P.","family":"Meehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo W.","family":"Alves de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7900-0825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leo E.","family":"Otterbein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick M.","family":"Fuller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S182158","article-title":"Impact of traumatic brain injury on sleep: an overview","volume":"11","author":"Aoun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Sci. Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000167605.02541.f2","article-title":"Hypocretin-1 (orexin A) deficiency in acute traumatic brain injury","volume":"65","author":"Baumann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"Pt 7","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm109","article-title":"Sleep-wake disturbances 6 months after traumatic brain injury: a prospective study","volume":"130","author":"Baumann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.583","article-title":"Mild closed head injury promotes a selective trigeminal hypernociception: implications for the acute emergence of post-traumatic headache","volume":"19","author":"Benromano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2013.01.009","article-title":"Recurrent hypersomnia following traumatic brain injury","volume":"14","author":"Billiard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.26855","article-title":"Prevalence and consequences of sleep disorders in traumatic brain injury","volume":"3","author":"Castriotta","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.2165\/11584870-000000000-00000","article-title":"Sleep disorders in patients with traumatic brain injury: a review","volume":"25","author":"Castriotta","year":"2011","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600147","article-title":"Heme regulation in traumatic brain injury: relevance to the adult and developing brain","volume":"25","author":"Chang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4188","article-title":"Dual effects of carbon monoxide on pericytes and neurogenesis in traumatic brain injury","volume":"22","author":"Choi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E5: 1","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.10.FOCUS12284","article-title":"An overview of the basic science of concussion and subconcussion: where we are and where we are going","volume":"33","author":"Dashnaw","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Focus"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4163","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31591-y","article-title":"Orexin neurons inhibit sleep to promote arousal","volume":"13","author":"De Luca","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03401984","article-title":"Heme oxygenase-2 is neuroprotective in cerebral ischemia","volume":"5","author":"Dore","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2009.148","article-title":"Mouse closed head injury model induced by a weight-drop device","volume":"4","author":"Flierl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"issue":"21\u201322","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib14","first-page":"2030","article-title":"Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury disrupts learning and memory: a novel olfactory approach to detection","volume":"42","author":"Guilhaume-Correa","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23430","article-title":"Delayed thalamic astrocytosis and disrupted sleep-wake patterns in a preclinical model of traumatic brain injury","volume":"92","author":"Hazra","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu391","article-title":"Increased sleep need and daytime sleepiness 6 months after traumatic brain injury: a prospective controlled clinical trial","volume":"138","author":"Imbach","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2019.108117","article-title":"Carbon monoxide attenuates vasospasm and improves neurobehavioral function after subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"676","author":"Kamat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52892-6.00009-X","article-title":"Mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"127","author":"Katz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"issue":"215","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215ra173","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3007092","article-title":"Dietary therapy mitigates persistent wake deficits caused by mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"5","author":"Lim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib20","first-page":"315","article-title":"Neuropathological sequelae of traumatic brain injury: relationship to neurochemical and biomechanical mechanisms","volume":"74","author":"McIntosh","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-9912-1-3","article-title":"Emergent role of gasotransmitters in ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"1","author":"Moody","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med. Gas Res."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2761","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2012.2498","article-title":"Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury in a mouse model produces learning and memory deficits accompanied by histological changes","volume":"29","author":"Mouzon","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"94","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3791\/51820-v","article-title":"A novel model of mild traumatic brain injury for juvenile rats","author":"Mychasiuk","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1038\/74680","article-title":"Carbon monoxide has anti-inflammatory effects involving the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway","volume":"6","author":"Otterbein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01004-6","article-title":"Supramammillary glutamate neurons are a key node of the arousal system","volume":"8","author":"Pedersen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"zsad069","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsad069","article-title":"Beyond the symptom: the biology of fatigue","volume":"46","author":"Raizen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23848","article-title":"Microstructural and microglial changes after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury in mice","volume":"95","author":"Robinson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.5980","article-title":"Acute post-traumatic sleep may define vulnerability to a second traumatic brain injury in mice","volume":"36","author":"Rowe","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2014.888768","article-title":"Diffuse brain injury does not affect chronic sleep patterns in the mouse","volume":"28","author":"Rowe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Inj."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082507","article-title":"Diffuse brain injury induces acute post-traumatic sleep","volume":"9","author":"Rowe","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470059593.ch12","article-title":"Cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory actions of carbon monoxide in organ injury and sepsis models","volume":"280","author":"Ryter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Novartis Found. Symp."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2609","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI78443","article-title":"Microglia regulate blood clearance in subarachnoid hemorrhage by heme oxygenase-1","volume":"125","author":"Schallner","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e31821f891f","article-title":"Repetitive closed-skull traumatic brain injury in mice causes persistent multifocal axonal injury and microglial reactivity","volume":"70","author":"Shitaka","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12068","article-title":"Excessive sleep need following traumatic brain injury: a case-control study of 36 patients","volume":"22","author":"Sommerauer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Sleep Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2015.04.013","article-title":"Sleep difficulties one year following mild traumatic brain injury in a population-based study","volume":"16","author":"Theadom","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbscr.2016.03.001","article-title":"Hypocretinergic and cholinergic contributions to sleep-wake disturbances in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury","volume":"2","author":"Thomasy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Sleep Circad. Rhythms."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.5810","article-title":"Hypocretin mediates sleep and wake disturbances in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury","volume":"36","author":"Thomasy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2015.1045030","article-title":"Subjective sleep quality and postconcussion symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"29","author":"Towns","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Inj."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsz231","article-title":"Selective activation of serotoninergic dorsal raphe neurons facilitates sleep through anxiolysis","volume":"43","author":"Venner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"45","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8929","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1032-19.2019","article-title":"Reassessing the role of histaminergic tuberomammillary neurons in arousal control","volume":"39","author":"Venner","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1226-1","article-title":"Carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-3 protects against ischemic stroke by suppressing neuroinflammation and alleviating blood-brain barrier disruption","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.26857","article-title":"Hypersomnia following traumatic brain injury","volume":"3","author":"Watson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2012.2404","article-title":"Controlled cortical impact traumatic brain injury acutely disrupts wakefulness and extracellular orexin dynamics as determined by intracerebral microdialysis in mice","volume":"29","author":"Willie","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-009-9014-4","article-title":"Low doses of carbon monoxide protect against experimental focal brain ischemia","volume":"15","author":"Zeynalov","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurotox. Res."}],"container-title":["Neurochemistry International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0197018626001038?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0197018626001038?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T13:16:24Z","timestamp":1787058984000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0197018626001038"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S0197018626001038"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212","relation":{},"ISSN":["0197-0186"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0197-0186","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Mild traumatic brain injury produces persistent wake-state instability and EEG slowing despite carbon monoxide neuroprotection","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neurochemistry International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106212","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106212"}}