{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:51:35Z","timestamp":1791953495944,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006940","name":"University of Mississippi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006940","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurochemistry International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T15:54:51Z","timestamp":1786722891000},"page":"106248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Intranasal insulin reduces ADHD-like behaviors and neurodevelopmental deficits following neonatal hypoxia-ischemia in juvenile rats"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"200","author":[{"given":"Nilesh","family":"Dankhara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan W.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norma B.","family":"Ojeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle A.","family":"Tucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katelyn E.","family":"Childers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madison","family":"Klim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyra Z.","family":"Lockett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Almia S.","family":"Valentine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn K.","family":"Glendye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu-Tai","family":"Tien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana M.","family":"Salazar Marocho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre A.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhay J.","family":"Bhatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lir-Wan","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-017-1718-6","article-title":"White matter injury in the preterm infant: pathology and mechanisms","volume":"134","author":"Back","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.05.033","article-title":"Sustained lentiviral-mediated overexpression of microRNA124a in the dentate gyrus exacerbates anxiety- and autism-like behaviors associated with neonatal isolation in rats","volume":"311","author":"Bahi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-36737","article-title":"Neurological and perceptual-motor outcome at 5- 6 years of age in children with neonatal encephalopathy: relationship with neonatal brain MRI","volume":"33","author":"Barnett","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.12.013","article-title":"Prenatal administration of lipopolysaccharide induces sex-dependent changes in glutamic acid decarboxylase and parvalbumin in the adult rat brain","volume":"287","author":"Basta-Kaim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-022-01359-3","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of prenatal, birth, and postnatal factors associated with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in children","volume":"25","author":"Bitsko","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prev. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2015.11.035","article-title":"Rearing in an enriched environment attenuated hyperactivity and inattention in the spontaneously hypertensive rats, an animal model of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"155","author":"Botanas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10120999","article-title":"Effects of juvenile or adolescent working memory experience and inter-alpha inhibitor protein treatment after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia","volume":"10","author":"Bradford","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19010061","article-title":"Sexually dimorphic outcomes after neonatal stroke and hypoxia-ischemia","volume":"19","author":"Charriaut-Marlangue","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-025-04156-0","article-title":"Shifting outlooks after neonatal encephalopathy in the era of therapeutic hypothermia","author":"Christoffel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11081053","article-title":"Association between novel object recognition\/spontaneous alternation behavior and emission of ultrasonic vocalizations in rats: possible relevance to the study of memory","volume":"11","author":"Costa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2023.105500","article-title":"Effects of prenatal hypoxia-ischemia on male rat periaqueductal gray matter: hyperalgesia, astrogliosis and nitrergic system impairment","volume":"164","author":"de Almeida","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-022-02236-0","article-title":"Curcumin for attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and preliminary behavioral investigation","volume":"395","author":"de Sousa Macedo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.925951","article-title":"Cerebral oxygenation and metabolism after hypoxia-ischemia","volume":"10","author":"Dhillon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24590","article-title":"Hypoxic-ischemic-related cerebrovascular changes and potential therapeutic strategies in the neonatal brain","volume":"98","author":"Disdier","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/384017","article-title":"Insulin in central nervous system: more than just a peripheral hormone","volume":"2012","author":"Duarte","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Aging Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15221","article-title":"Pre- and early postnatal enriched environmental experiences prevent neonatal hypoxia-ischemia late neurodegeneration via metabolic and neuroplastic mechanisms","volume":"157","author":"Dur\u00e1n-Carabali","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.250624","article-title":"Rapid transport of insulin to the brain following intranasal administration in rats","volume":"14","author":"Fan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.04918.x","article-title":"Minocycline attenuates hypoxia-ischemia-induced neurological dysfunction and brain injury in the juvenile rat","volume":"24","author":"Fan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.03.024","article-title":"Interleukin-1beta-induced brain injury and neurobehavioral dysfunctions in juvenile rats can be attenuated by alpha-phenyl-n-tert-butyl-nitrone","volume":"168","author":"Fan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.11.031","article-title":"Are the dorsal and ventral hippocampus functionally distinct structures?","volume":"65","author":"Fanselow","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.12.001","article-title":"Insulin-mediated synaptic plasticity in the CNS: anatomical, functional and temporal contexts","volume":"136","author":"Ferrario","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2021.101236","article-title":"Insulin's actions on vascular tissues: physiological effects and pathophysiological contributions to vascular complications of diabetes","volume":"52","author":"Fu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2343","article-title":"Neuropsychological outcome of children with intrauterine growth restriction: a 9-year prospective study","volume":"118","author":"Geva","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s42000-018-0007-7","article-title":"Perinatal hypoxia as a risk factor for psychopathology later in life: the role of dopamine and neurotrophins","volume":"17","author":"Giannopoulou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hormones (Athens)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3197","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59921-4","article-title":"Maturational delay and asymmetric information flow of brain connectivity in SHR model of ADHD revealed by topological analysis of metabolic networks","volume":"10","author":"Ha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-9-S3-S5","article-title":"Intranasal delivery bypasses the blood-brain barrier to target therapeutic agents to the central nervous system and treat neurodegenerative disease","volume":"9","author":"Hanson","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/867531","article-title":"Sex differences in mechanisms and outcome of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia in rodent models: implications for sex-specific neuroprotection in clinical neonatal practice","volume":"2012","author":"Hill","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurol. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2885","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-020-02158-8","article-title":"Innovative high-resolution microCT imaging of animal brain vasculature","volume":"225","author":"Hlushchuk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2024.04.008","article-title":"Long-term outcomes following hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy","volume":"51","author":"Huntingford","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Perinatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(03)00102-5","article-title":"Clinical disorders of brain plasticity","volume":"26","author":"Johnston","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3389\/neuro.05.016.2009","article-title":"Subplate neurons: crucial regulators of cortical development and plasticity","volume":"3","author":"Kanold","year":"2009","journal-title":"Front. Neuroanat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1243364","article-title":"Sex differences in neonatal brain injury and inflammation","volume":"14","author":"Kelly","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib33","article-title":"A quantitative analysis of spontaneous alternation behaviors on a Y-maze reveals adverse effects of acute social isolation on spatial working memory","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib34","first-page":"R1958","article-title":"Crucial role of milk-borne insulin in the development of pancreatic amylase at the onset of weaning in rats","volume":"275","author":"Kinouchi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-018-0632-3","article-title":"Dopamine: functions, signaling, and association with neurological diseases","volume":"39","author":"Klein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-0568","article-title":"Insulin action in brain regulates systemic metabolism and brain function","volume":"63","author":"Kleinridders","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-026-05336-2","article-title":"Sex-specific outcomes following chorioamnionitis","author":"Knobbe","year":"2026","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17030289","article-title":"Erythropoietin ameliorates neonatal hypoxia-ischemia-induced neurobehavioral deficits, neuroinflammation, and hippocampal injury in the juvenile rat","volume":"17","author":"Lan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10050937","article-title":"Experimental models for testing the efficacy of pharmacological treatments for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy","volume":"10","author":"Landucci","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-009-0617-5","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of the sinus sagittalis superior thrombosis model in the rat using 3D micro- and nanocomputed tomography","volume":"52","author":"Langheinrich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.70198","article-title":"Insulin receptor regulates neurotrophin and neurotrophin receptor expression in the differentiation of neural stem cells: in vitro study","volume":"39","author":"Langhnoja","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2016.06.011","article-title":"Insulin in the nervous system and the mind: functions in metabolism, memory, and mood","volume":"5","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199603000-00007","article-title":"Coordinate IGF-I and IGFBP5 gene expression in perinatal rat brain after hypoxia-ischemia","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-025-01328-w","article-title":"Role of astrocytes in the pathogenesis of perinatal brain injury","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1492126","article-title":"The dopamine hypothesis for ADHD: an evaluation of evidence accumulated from human studies and animal models","volume":"15","author":"MacDonald","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.22","article-title":"Dopaminergic neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens modulates social play behavior in rats","volume":"41","author":"Manduca","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F380","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.067520","article-title":"Neuropsychological and educational problems at school age associated with neonatal encephalopathy","author":"Marlow","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Dis. Child Fetal Neonatal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1159\/000460815","article-title":"Unbiased quantification of subplate neuron loss following neonatal hypoxia-ischemia in a rat model","volume":"39","author":"Mikhailova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2017.00078","article-title":"Neonatal hypoxia ischaemia: mechanisms, models, and therapeutic challenges","volume":"11","author":"Millar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10020347","article-title":"Pathophysiology of Perinatal asphyxia in humans and animal models","volume":"10","author":"Mota-Rojas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.764486","article-title":"Oligodendrocyte development and implication in perinatal white matter injury","volume":"15","author":"Motavaf","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113682","article-title":"Impact of peripheral immune cells in experimental neonatal hypoxia-ischemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"145","author":"Nunes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib53","article-title":"Social interaction test between a rat and a robot: a pilot study","author":"Ortiz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Rob. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202202477","article-title":"Functionalized collagen\/elastin-like polypeptide hydrogels for craniofacial bone regeneration","volume":"12","author":"Pal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.01.020","article-title":"Intranasal insulin protects against substantial nigra dopaminergic neuronal loss and alleviates motor deficits induced by 6-OHDA in rats","volume":"318","author":"Pang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13030518","article-title":"Actions and consequences of insulin in the striatum","volume":"13","author":"Patel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2015.100","article-title":"Therapeutic hypothermia and hypoxia-ischemia in the term-equivalent neonatal rat: characterization of a translational preclinical model","volume":"78","author":"Patel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1755235","article-title":"Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: perspectives of neuroprotective and neuroregenerative treatments","volume":"53","author":"Pedroza-Garc\u00eda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01064-1","article-title":"Signaling pathways involved in ischemic stroke: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions","volume":"7","author":"Qin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Targeted Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410090206","article-title":"The influence of immaturity on hypoxicischemic brain damage in the rat","volume":"9","author":"Rice","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1985.tb04571.x","article-title":"Term infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: outcome at 3.5 years","volume":"27","author":"Robertson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib62","article-title":"First-in-human positron emission tomography study of intranasal insulin in aging and MCI","volume":"11","author":"Sai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement. (N Y)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035786","article-title":"Prenatal hypoxic-ischemic insult changes the distribution and number of NADPH-diaphorase cells in the cerebellum","volume":"7","author":"Savignon","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2018.06.012","article-title":"Hypoxia and myelination deficits in the developing brain","volume":"70","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3085","article-title":"A pathophysiological framework of hippocampal dysfunction in ageing and disease","volume":"12","author":"Small","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-016-9784-4","article-title":"Pre- and perinatal ischemia-hypoxia, the ischemia-hypoxia response pathway, and ADHD risk","volume":"46","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00788","article-title":"Brain insulin resistance and hippocampal plasticity: mechanisms and biomarkers of cognitive decline","volume":"13","author":"Spinelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib68","article-title":"Intranasal insulin attenuates hypoxia-ischemia-induced short-term sensorimotor behavioral disturbances, neuronal apoptosis, and brain damage in neonatal rats","volume":"6","author":"Talati","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsyn.2021.709301","article-title":"Current therapies for neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic and infection-sensitised hypoxic-ischaemic brain damage","volume":"13","author":"Tetorou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Synaptic Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-009-1466-y","article-title":"Marble burying reflects a repetitive and perseverative behavior more than novelty-induced anxiety","volume":"204","author":"Thomas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1994.35","article-title":"Cerebral glucose and energy utilization during the evolution of hypoxic\u2013ischemic brain damage in the immature rat","volume":"14","author":"Vannucci","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70294-1","article-title":"Brain injury in premature infants: a complex amalgam of destructive and developmental disturbances","volume":"8","author":"Volpe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1007\/s00062-024-01432-0","article-title":"Evaluation of neonatal cerebral circulation under hypoxic ischemic risk factors based on quantitative analysis of cerebral veins with magnetic resonance susceptibility weighted imaging","volume":"34","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6306","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22126306","article-title":"Pioglitazone ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced behavioral impairment, brain inflammation, white matter injury and mitochondrial dysfunction in neonatal rats","volume":"22","author":"Yeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.12.026","article-title":"Sex-related differences in arterial spin-labelled perfusion of metabolically active brain structures in neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy","volume":"76","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Radiol."}],"container-title":["Neurochemistry International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0197018626001397?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0197018626001397?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:42:48Z","timestamp":1791952968000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0197018626001397"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":75,"alternative-id":["S0197018626001397"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248","relation":{},"ISSN":["0197-0186"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0197-0186","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Intranasal insulin reduces ADHD-like behaviors and neurodevelopmental deficits following neonatal hypoxia-ischemia in juvenile rats","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neurochemistry International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2026.106248","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106248"}}