{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:32:33Z","timestamp":1787754753383,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]],"date-time":"2014-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391212800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuroscience Letters"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,25]],"date-time":"2013-12-25T20:45:48Z","timestamp":1388004348000},"page":"7-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"special_numbering":"C","title":["New therapeutic uses for an alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonist \u2013 Dexmedetomidine in pain management"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"561","author":[{"given":"Xia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0978","article-title":"Clonidine as an adjunct therapy to opioids for neonatal abstinence syndrome: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"123","author":"Agthe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aen184","article-title":"Effect of intra-articular dexmedetomidine on postoperative analgesia after arthroscopic knee surgery","volume":"101","author":"Al-Metwalli","year":"2008","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1997.tb04685.x","article-title":"Transfer of clonidine and dexmedetomidine across the isolated perfused human placenta","volume":"41","author":"Ala-Kokko","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0020","first-page":"117","article-title":"Comparison of meperidine alone with meperidine plus dexmedetomidine for postoperative patient-controlled analgesia","volume":"13","author":"Altindis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosciences (Riyadh)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.4103\/1658-354X.97021","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided single injection infraclavicular brachial plexus block using bupivacaine alone or combined with dexmedetomidine for pain control in upper limb surgery: a prospective randomized controlled trial","volume":"6","author":"Ammar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5049.84835","article-title":"Effects of dexmedetomidine added to caudal ropivacaine in paediatric lower abdominal surgeries","volume":"55","author":"Anand","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.2003.01944.x","article-title":"Bioavailability of dexmedetomidine after extravascular doses in healthy subjects","volume":"56","author":"Anttila","year":"2003","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.4103\/1658-354X.87264","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl for epidural analgesia in lower limb orthopedic surgeries","volume":"5","author":"Bajwa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5049.79883","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine and clonidine in epidural anaesthesia: a comparative evaluation","volume":"55","author":"Bajwa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31825681cb","article-title":"Effect of perioperative systemic alpha2 agonists on postoperative morphine consumption and pain intensity: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"116","author":"Blaudszun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2010.11.004","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine sedation for awake fiberoptic intubation of patients with difficult airways due to severe odontogenic cervicofacial infections","volume":"69","author":"Boyd","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e3181ef4cf0","article-title":"Perineural dexmedetomidine provides an increased duration of analgesia to a thermal stimulus when compared with a systemic control in a rat sciatic nerve block","volume":"35","author":"Brummett","year":"2010","journal-title":"Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318221fcc9","article-title":"Perineural dexmedetomidine added to ropivacaine for sciatic nerve block in rats prolongs the duration of analgesia by blocking the hyperpolarization-activated cation current","volume":"115","author":"Brummett","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318182c26b","article-title":"Perineural administration of dexmedetomidine in combination with bupivacaine enhances sensory and motor blockade in sciatic nerve block without inducing neurotoxicity in rat","volume":"109","author":"Brummett","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181bbcc26","article-title":"Perineural dexmedetomidine added to ropivacaine causes a dose-dependent increase in the duration of thermal antinociception in sciatic nerve block in rat","volume":"111","author":"Brummett","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(98)00889-9","article-title":"Alpha2A- but not alpha2B\/C-adrenoceptors modulate noradrenaline release in rat locus coeruleus: voltammetric data","volume":"366","author":"Callado","year":"1999","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/753107","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine versus remifentanil for Sedation during awake fiberoptic intubation","volume":"753107","author":"Cattano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anesthesiology Research and Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0090","first-page":"353","article-title":"A correlation between dexmedetomidine-induced biphasic increases in free cytosolic calcium concentration and energy metabolism in astrocytes","volume":"91","author":"Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesthesia & Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer164","article-title":"Analgesic and sedative effects of intranasal dexmedetomidine in third molar surgery under local anaesthesia","volume":"107","author":"Cheung","year":"2011","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2011.08.012","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of glutamate release from rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals by alpha2 adrenoceptor agonist dexmedetomidine","volume":"670","author":"Chiu","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12025","article-title":"Comparison of buccal and nasal dexmedetomidine premedication for pediatric patients","volume":"23","author":"Cimen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Paediatric Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60601-7","article-title":"Effects of extended-release metoprolol succinate in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery (POISE trial): a randomized controlled trial","volume":"371","author":"Devereaux","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aep159","article-title":"Addition of clonidine or dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine prolongs caudal analgesia in children","volume":"103","author":"El-Hennawy","year":"2009","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2006.02008.x","article-title":"Prolonged use of dexmedetomidine in an infant with respiratory failure following living donor liver transplantation","volume":"16","author":"Enomoto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Paediatric Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181fa3095","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine added to levobupivacaine prolongs axillary brachial plexus block","volume":"111","author":"Esmaoglu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesthesia & Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2009.04.001","article-title":"Pharmacological profiles of alpha 2 adrenergic receptor agonists identified using genetically altered mice and isobolographic analysis","volume":"123","author":"Fairbanks","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1H314","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine: an updated review","volume":"41","author":"Gerlach","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annals of Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1M310","article-title":"An updated focused review of dexmedetomidine in adults","volume":"43","author":"Gerlach","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annals of Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/08998280.2001.11927725","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine: a novel sedative-analgesic agent","volume":"14","author":"Gertler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proceedings (Baylor University Medical Center)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2007.06.006","article-title":"Analysis of the antinociceptive effect of systemic administration of tramadol and dexmedetomidine combination on rat models of acute and neuropathic pain","volume":"88","author":"Guneli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacology Biochemistry & Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9185.83678","article-title":"A comparative study of intrathecal dexmedetomidine and fentanyl as adjuvants to bupivacaine","volume":"27","author":"Gupta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.3109\/03009734.2011.597889","article-title":"Effects of alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists dexmedetomidine and guanfacine on morphine analgesia and tolerance in rats","volume":"116","author":"Gursoy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181de6d2c","article-title":"Spinal alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated analgesia in neuropathic pain reflects brain-derived nerve growth factor and changes in spinal cholinergic neuronal function","volume":"113","author":"Hayashida","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2010.05.005","article-title":"A tropomyosine receptor kinase inhibitor blocks spinal neuroplasticity essential for the anti-hypersensitivity effects of gabapentin and clonidine in rats with peripheral nerve injury","volume":"12","author":"Hayashida","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2011.09.009","article-title":"Depletion of endogenous noradrenaline does not prevent spinal cord plasticity following peripheral nerve injury","volume":"13","author":"Hayashida","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3182","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2008.06260.x","article-title":"Action of dexmedetomidine on the substantia gelatinosa neurons of the rat spinal cord","volume":"27","author":"Ishii","year":"2008","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200011000-00030","article-title":"Clinical uses of alpha2-adrenergic agonists","volume":"93","author":"Kamibayashi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2006.00919.x","article-title":"Effect of low-dose dexmedetomidine or clonidine on the characteristics of bupivacaine spinal block","volume":"50","author":"Kanazi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2011.11.009","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine directly inhibits vascular ATP-sensitive potassium channels","volume":"90","author":"Kawano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Life Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2012.08.008","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine decreases hyperalgesia in neuropathic pain by increasing acetylcholine in the spinal cord","volume":"529","author":"Kimura","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00194403","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of transdermal dexmedetomidine","volume":"46","author":"Kivisto","year":"1994","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aen320","article-title":"Effect of combining dexmedetomidine and morphine for intravenous patient-controlled analgesia","volume":"102","author":"Lin","year":"2009","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2011.08.019","article-title":"Inhibition by dexmedetomidine of the activation of spinal dorsal horn glias and the intracellular ERK signaling pathway induced by nerve injury","volume":"1427","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.05.011","article-title":"Intramuscular dexmedetomidine: an effective route of sedation preserves background activity for pediatric electroencephalograms","volume":"161","author":"Mason","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2011.618491","article-title":"Impact of intraoperative dexmedetomidine on postoperative analgesia following gynecologic surgery","volume":"27","author":"McQueen-Shadfar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Current Medical Research and Opinion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(02)00009-6","article-title":"Descending control of pain","volume":"66","author":"Millan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Progress in Neurobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2012\/15\/339","article-title":"Efficacy of intrathecally administered dexmedetomidine versus dexmedetomidine with fentanyl in patients undergoing major abdominal cancer surgery","volume":"15","author":"Mohamed","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.2174\/138945012800675713","article-title":"Local anesthetis and adjuvants in pediatric regional anesthesia","volume":"13","author":"Mossetti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Current Drug Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-012-0381-x","article-title":"Pain Management after comprehensive stage 2 repair for hypoplastic left heart syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Naguib","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatric Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-0186(94)90079-5","article-title":"Mivazerol, a novel compound with high specificity for alpha 2 adrenergic receptors: binding studies on different human and rat membrane preparations","volume":"24","author":"Noyer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurochemistry International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-008-0634-2","article-title":"Analgesic effect of dexmedetomidine in a patient with herpetic stomatitis after living-donor lung transplantation","volume":"22","author":"Ohashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Anesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devbrainres.2005.06.001","article-title":"Effects of opioid receptor and alpha2-adrenoceptor agonists on slow ventral root potentials and on capsaicin and formalin tests in neonatal rats","volume":"158","author":"Otsuguro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Developmental Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02724.x","article-title":"Different alpha(2) adrenoceptor subtypes control noradrenaline release and cell firing in the locus coeruleus of wildtype and monoamine oxidase-A knockout mice","volume":"18","author":"Owesson","year":"2003","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2008.10.002","article-title":"Intravenous dexmedetomidine as an adjunct for labor analgesia and cesarean delivery anesthesia in a parturient with a tethered spinal cord","volume":"18","author":"Palanisamy","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2009.04.004","article-title":"Pharmacology of sedative-analgesic agents: dexmedetomidine, remifentanil, ketamine, volatile anesthetics, and the role of peripheral mu antagonists","volume":"25","author":"Panzer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Critical Care Clinics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181ee82fa","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine infusion for analgesia and prevention of emergence agitation in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy","volume":"111","author":"Patel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesthesia & Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-011-9493-7","article-title":"High-dose dexmedetomidine increases the opioid-free interval and decreases opioid requirement after tonsillectomy in children","volume":"58","author":"Pestieau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Anesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e318265bab7","article-title":"Posterior tibial nerve sensory blockade duration prolonged by adding dexmedetomidine to ropivacaine","volume":"115","author":"Rancourt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anesthesia & Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2008.01818.x","article-title":"Effect of dexmedetomidine on the characteristics of bupivacaine in a caudal block in pediatrics","volume":"53","author":"Saadawy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0300","first-page":"47","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of epidural bupivacaine \u2013 dexmedetomidine and bupivacaine-fentanyl on Doppler velocimetry of uterine and umbilical arteries during labor","volume":"6","author":"Selim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1097\/01.anes.0000281916.65365.4e","article-title":"Activation of a G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying K+ current and suppression of Ih contribute to dexmedetomidine-induced inhibition of rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus neurons","volume":"107","author":"Shirasaka","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X1304100110","article-title":"The analgesic effect of intrathecal dexmedetomidine or clonidine, with bupivacaine, in trauma patients undergoing lower limb surgery: a randomized, double-blind study","volume":"41","author":"Solanki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anaesthesia & Intensive Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5049.98767","article-title":"Comparison of dexmedetomidine and clonidine (alpha2 agonist drugs) as an adjuvant to local anaesthesia in supraclavicular brachial plexus block: a randomized double-blind prospective study","volume":"56","author":"Swami","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.2010.01192.x","article-title":"Systemic daily morphine enhances the analgesic effect of intrathecal dexmedetomidine via up-regulation of alpha 2 adrenergic receptor subtypes A, B and C in dorsal root ganglion and dorsal horn","volume":"62","author":"Tamagaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.5055\/jom.2008.0024","article-title":"Subcutaneous dexmedetomidine infusions to treat or prevent drug withdrawal in infants and children","volume":"4","author":"Tobias","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Opioid Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e3181a9fae2","article-title":"The antinociceptive effects of intravenous dexmedetomidine in colorectal distension-induced visceral pain in rats: the role of opioid receptors","volume":"109","author":"Ulger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesthesia & Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707290","article-title":"Characterization of spinal alpha-adrenergic modulation of nociceptive transmission and hyperalgesia throughout postnatal development in rats","volume":"151","author":"Walker","year":"2007","journal-title":"British Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200506000-00024","article-title":"Developmental age influences the effect of epidural dexmedetomidine on inflammatory hyperalgesia in rat pups","volume":"102","author":"Walker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000195234.07413.5a","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine-induced decreases in accumbal dopamine in the rat are partly mediated via the locus coeruleus","volume":"102","author":"Whittington","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anesthesia & Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aes385","article-title":"Caudal dexmedetomidine combined with bupivacaine inhibit the response to hernial sac traction in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair","volume":"110","author":"Xiang","year":"2013","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2010.05426.x","article-title":"Evidence for suppression of spinal glial activation by dexmedetomidine in a rat model of monoarthritis","volume":"37","author":"Xu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e318176be73","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine enhances the local anesthetic action of lidocaine via an alpha-2A adrenoceptor","volume":"107","author":"Yoshitomi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anesthesia & Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2012.07309.x","article-title":"A randomized comparison of two intranasal dexmedetomidine doses for premedication in children","volume":"67","author":"Yuen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2010.06453.x","article-title":"Optimal timing for the administration of intranasal dexmedetomidine for premedication in children","volume":"65","author":"Yuen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.10.029","article-title":"Effects of clonidine on bilateral pain behaviors and inflammatory response in rats under the state of neuropathic pain","volume":"505","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.06.202","article-title":"The safety and efficacy of intranasal dexmedetomidine during electrochemotherapy for facial vascular malformation: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial","volume":"71","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0385","first-page":"253","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of dexmedetomidine and midazolam with fentanyl in patients with anticipated difficult intubation during awake blind nasal intubation","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2012.01.009","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine prevents remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia and decreases spinal tyrosine phosphorylation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor 2B subunit","volume":"87","author":"Zheng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Research Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2011.06817.x","article-title":"Postoperative respiratory and analgesic effects of dexmedetomidine or morphine for adenotonsillectomy in children with obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"66","author":"Zhuang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"}],"container-title":["Neuroscience Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0304394013011208?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0304394013011208?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]],"date-time":"2022-03-20T16:31:42Z","timestamp":1647793902000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0304394013011208"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"references-count":79,"alternative-id":["S0304394013011208"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039","relation":{},"ISSN":["0304-3940"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0304-3940","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"New therapeutic uses for an alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonist \u2013 Dexmedetomidine in pain management","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neuroscience Letters","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.039","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}