{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T20:40:33Z","timestamp":1791578433433,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82271534"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82271534"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuroscience Letters"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T12:56:23Z","timestamp":1720616183000},"page":"137893","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Shikonin ameliorates depressive- and anxiogenic-like behaviors in rats via the suppression of inflammation in the hippocampus"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"837","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5973-2726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cuijie","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihan","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuting","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8489-5686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shihao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5013-1998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yixiao","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2015.15020152","article-title":"Inflammation: depression fans the flames and feasts on the heat","volume":"172","author":"Kiecolt-Glaser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00039.2016","article-title":"Neuroimmune Interactions: From the Brain to the Immune System and Vice Versa","volume":"98","author":"Dantzer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.10.013","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy, depression, the immune system and inflammation: A systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Yrondi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3063","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-019-05326-9","article-title":"Stress, sex hormones, inflammation, and major depressive disorder: Extending Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression to account for sex differences in mood disorders","volume":"236","author":"Slavich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035302","article-title":"From stress to inflammation and major depressive disorder: a social signal transduction theory of depression","volume":"140","author":"Slavich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.03.004","article-title":"Agmatine attenuates chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced anxiety, depression-like behaviours and cognitive impairment by modulating nitrergic signalling pathway","volume":"1663","author":"Gawali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2023.101118","article-title":"Sex differences in cortisol levels in depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"72","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.120","article-title":"HPA axis in major depression: cortisol, clinical symptomatology and genetic variation predict cognition","volume":"22","author":"Keller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.080","article-title":"Blood mRNA expression levels of glucocorticoid receptors and FKBP5 are associated with depressive disorder and altered HPA axis","volume":"349","author":"Hori","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4050","article-title":"Synaptic plasticity and depression: new insights from stress and rapid-acting antidepressants","volume":"22","author":"Duman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2018.02.001","article-title":"The effects of chronic stress on the human brain: From neurotoxicity, to vulnerability, to opportunity","volume":"49","author":"Lupien","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.01.009","article-title":"Hippocampal Sirtuin 1 Signaling Mediates Depression-like Behavior","volume":"80","author":"Abe-Higuchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25667","article-title":"Detection of volume alterations in hippocampal subfields of rats under chronic unpredictable mild stress using 7T MRI: A follow-up study","volume":"46","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-0964-9","article-title":"Lentivirus-mediated interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) knock-down in the hippocampus alleviates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced memory deficits and anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in mice","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmental-2019-300087","article-title":"Side effect profile and comparative tolerability of 21 antidepressants in the acute treatment of major depression in adults: protocol for a network meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Evid. Based Ment. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-014-0162-6","article-title":"Role of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"28","author":"Hershenberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(98)00224-9","article-title":"Review of the results from clinical studies on the efficacy, safety and tolerability of mirtazapine for the treatment of patients with major depression","volume":"51","author":"Fawcett","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2021.136050","article-title":"Atractylenolide III reduces depressive- and anxiogenic-like behaviors in rat depression models","volume":"759","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.05.016","article-title":"A systematic review on the efficacy, safety and types of Chinese herbal medicine for depression","volume":"57","author":"Yeung","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331440","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1331440","article-title":"Research progress on antidepressant effects and mechanisms of berberine","volume":"15","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153805","article-title":"Shikonin, a naphthalene ingredient: Therapeutic actions, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, clinical trials and pharmaceutical researches","volume":"94","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0110","article-title":"Attenuation of PI3K-Akt-mTOR Pathway to Reduce Cancer Stemness on Chemoresistant Lung Cancer Cells by Shikonin and Synergy with BEZ235 Inhibitor","volume":"25","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.155214","article-title":"Shikonin reverses cancer-associated fibroblast-induced gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer cells by suppressing monocarboxylate transporter 4-mediated reverse Warburg effect","volume":"123","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2019.04.033","article-title":"Shikonin derivatives for cancer prevention and therapy","volume":"459","author":"Boulos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154701","article-title":"Shikonin and cisplatin synergistically overcome cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer by inducing ferroptosis via upregulation of HMOX1 to promote Fe(2+) accumulation","volume":"112","author":"Ni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.06.086","article-title":"Shikonin ameliorates isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial damage through suppressing fibrosis, inflammation, apoptosis and ER stress","volume":"93","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.04.144","article-title":"Shikonin protects H9C2 cardiomyocytes against hypoxia\/reoxygenation injury through activation of PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway","volume":"104","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.127049","article-title":"Shikonin and Alkannin inhibit ATP synthase and impede the cell growth in Escherichia coli","volume":"253","author":"Watson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115138","article-title":"Recent advances in shikonin for the treatment of immune-related diseases: Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory mechanisms","volume":"165","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154857","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of shikonin on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats and cellular inflammation, migration and invasion of rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes via blocking the activation of Wnt\/beta-catenin pathway","volume":"116","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108704","article-title":"Shikonin attenuates acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury via inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation","volume":"112","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23063396","article-title":"Shikonin Derivatives Inhibit Inflammation Processes and Modulate MAPK Signaling in Human Healthy and Osteoarthritis Chondrocytes","volume":"23","author":"Lohberger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10675","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.10675","article-title":"Differential relieving effects of shikonin and its derivatives on inflammation and mucosal barrier damage caused by ulcerative colitis","volume":"9","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2023.578166","article-title":"Systemic administration of Shikonin ameliorates cognitive impairment and neuron damage in NPSLE mice","volume":"382","author":"Ni","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0175","first-page":"148","article-title":"Protective effects of shikonin on brain injury induced by carbon ion beam irradiation in mice","volume":"28","author":"Gan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000001219","article-title":"Acute ketamine administration attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behavior by reversing abnormal regional homogeneity in the nucleus accumbens","volume":"30","author":"Ji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-024-10123-z","article-title":"Positive Effect of 6-Gingerol on Functional Plasticity of Microglia in a rat Model of LPS-induced Depression","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858420967892","article-title":"Why Severe COVID-19 Patients Are at Greater Risk of Developing Depression: A Molecular Perspective","volume":"28","author":"Boucas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.06.002","article-title":"The Bidirectional Relationship of Depression and Inflammation: Double Trouble","volume":"107","author":"Beurel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.07.015","article-title":"Chronic stress followed by social isolation promotes depressive-like behaviour, alters microglial and astrocyte biology and reduces hippocampal neurogenesis in male mice","volume":"91","author":"Du Preez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019590","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.1019590","article-title":"Moxibustion alleviates depression-like behavior in rats with Crohn's disease by inhibiting the kynurenine pathway metabolism in the gut-brain axis","volume":"16","author":"Bao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6871089","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6871089","article-title":"The Role of Neural Plasticity in Depression: From Hippocampus to Prefrontal Cortex","volume":"2017","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.04.074","article-title":"Transcriptome comparative analysis of amygdala-hippocampus in depression: A rat model induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)","volume":"334","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2019409118","article-title":"Amygdala-hippocampal innervation modulates stress-induced depressive-like behaviors through AMPA receptors","volume":"118","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300371","article-title":"Volumetric analysis of the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus in major depression","volume":"29","author":"Hastings","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2011.02.043","article-title":"Shikonin extracted from medicinal Chinese herbs exerts anti-inflammatory effect via proteasome inhibition","volume":"658","author":"Lu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.065","article-title":"Shikonins attenuate microglial inflammatory responses by inhibition of ERK, Akt, and NF-kappaB: neuroprotective implications","volume":"55","author":"Nam","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"}],"container-title":["Neuroscience Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0304394024002714?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0304394024002714?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T13:10:56Z","timestamp":1734613856000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0304394024002714"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S0304394024002714"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893","relation":{},"ISSN":["0304-3940"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0304-3940","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Shikonin ameliorates depressive- and anxiogenic-like behaviors in rats via the suppression of inflammation in the hippocampus","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neuroscience Letters","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137893","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"137893"}}