{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:29:52Z","timestamp":1790400592102,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19H03395"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19H03395"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19K06904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K06904"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008731","name":"Nakatomi Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008890","name":"University of Dundee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuroscience Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T06:28:27Z","timestamp":1624429707000},"page":"54-61","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A mouse model of microglia-specific ablation in the embryonic central nervous system"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"173","author":[{"given":"Chenmin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4321-8339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Konishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimitoshi","family":"Nishiwaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuaki","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takaki","family":"Miyata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2470","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23499","article-title":"Embryonic macrophages and microglia ablation alter the development of dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons in mouse embryos","volume":"66","author":"Angelim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1738","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1525528113","article-title":"New tools for studying microglia in the mouse and human CNS","volume":"113","author":"Bennett","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth762","article-title":"A Cre-inducible diphtheria toxin receptor mediates cell lineage ablation after toxin administration","volume":"2","author":"Buch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3585","article-title":"Sall1 is a transcriptional regulator defining microglia identity and function","volume":"17","author":"Buttgereit","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20180247","article-title":"Peripherally derived macrophages can engraft the brain independent of irradiation and maintain an identity distinct from microglia","volume":"215","author":"Cronk","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4216","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3441-12.2013","article-title":"Microglia regulate the number of neural precursor cells in the developing cerebral cortex","volume":"33","author":"Cunningham","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.02.040","article-title":"Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor signaling is necessary for microglia viability, unmasking a microglia progenitor cell in the adult brain","volume":"82","author":"Elmore","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026317","article-title":"Absence of colony stimulation factor-1 receptor results in loss of microglia, disrupted brain development and olfactory deficits","volume":"6","author":"Erblich","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20124","article-title":"Mannose receptor expression specifically reveals perivascular macrophages in normal, injured, and diseased mouse brain","volume":"49","author":"Galea","year":"2005","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.02.024","article-title":"Tissue-resident macrophage ontogeny and homeostasis","volume":"44","author":"Ginhoux","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1194637","article-title":"Fate mapping analysis reveals that adult microglia derive from primitive macrophages","volume":"330","author":"Ginhoux","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3423","article-title":"Origin, fate and dynamics of macrophages at central nervous system interfaces","volume":"17","author":"Goldmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23529","article-title":"Enforced microglial depletion and repopulation as a promising strategy for the treatment of neurological disorders","volume":"67","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0070","first-page":"351","article-title":"Sall1 regulates cortical neurogenesis and laminar fate specification in mice: Implications for neural abnormalities in Townes-Brocks syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Harrison","year":"2012","journal-title":"DMM Dis. Model. Mech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1111\/gtc.12632","article-title":"Microglia extensively survey the developing cortex via the CXCL12\/CXCR4 system to help neural progenitors to acquire differentiated properties","volume":"23","author":"Hattori","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genes Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15409-3","article-title":"Transient microglial absence assists postmigratory cortical neurons in proper differentiation","volume":"11","author":"Hattori","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.03.011","article-title":"C-Myb+ erythro-myeloid progenitor-derived fetal monocytes give rise to adult tissue-resident macrophages","volume":"42","author":"Hoeffel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0090","first-page":"1","volume":"6","author":"Kaiser","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3318","article-title":"Microglia emerge from erythromyeloid precursors via Pu.1-and Irf8-dependent pathways","volume":"16","author":"Kierdorf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23204","article-title":"Siglec-H is a microglia-specific marker that discriminates microglia from CNS-associated macrophages and CNS-infiltrating monocytes","volume":"65","author":"Konishi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2018.09.009","article-title":"Dual functions of microglia in the formation and refinement of neural circuits during development","volume":"77","author":"Konishi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2020104464","article-title":"Astrocytic phagocytosis is a compensatory mechanism for microglial dysfunction","volume":"39","author":"Konishi","year":"2020","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19578","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1918883117","article-title":"Single-cell RNA-seq analysis revealed long-lasting adverse effects of tamoxifen on neurogenesis in prenatal and adult brains","volume":"117","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23336","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1922788117","article-title":"CSF1R inhibition by a small-molecule inhibitor is not microglia specific; affecting hematopoiesis and the function of macrophages","volume":"117","author":"Lei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1998.tb00064.x","article-title":"Transport of proteins across the human placenta","volume":"40","author":"Malek","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(04)00069-8","article-title":"Microglia promote the death of developing purkinje cells","volume":"41","author":"Mar\u00edn-Teva","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01811-7","article-title":"Embryonic microglia influence developing hypothalamic glial populations","volume":"17","author":"Marsters","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0707-4","article-title":"Novel Hexb-based tools for studying microglia in the CNS","volume":"21","author":"Masuda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.54590","article-title":"A new genetic strategy for targeting microglia in development and disease","volume":"9","author":"McKinsey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23097","article-title":"P2Y12 receptor is expressed on human microglia under physiological conditions throughout development and is sensitive to neuroinflammatory diseases","volume":"65","author":"Mildner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12540","article-title":"Microglia contact induces synapse formation in developing somatosensory cortex","volume":"7","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.194449","article-title":"CNS macrophages differentially rely on an intronic Csf1r enhancer for their development","volume":"147","author":"Munro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1202529","article-title":"Synaptic pruning by microglia is necessary for normal brain development","volume":"333","author":"Paolicelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science (80-.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12508","article-title":"Microglia shape corpus callosum axon tract fasciculation: Functional impact of prenatal inflammation","volume":"39","author":"Pont-Lezica","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3703","article-title":"Ontogeny and homeostasis of CNS myeloid cells","volume":"18","author":"Prinz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.21140","article-title":"Pattern of invasion of the embryonic mouse spinal cord by microglial cells at the time of the onset of functional neuronal networks","volume":"59","author":"Rigato","year":"2011","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0185","series-title":"Maternal Tamoxifen Treatment Expands the Macrophage Population of Early Mouse Embryos","first-page":"296749","author":"Rojo","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.07.023","article-title":"Depletion of embryonic microglia using the CSF1R inhibitor PLX5622 has adverse sex-specific effects on mice, including accelerated weight gain, hyperactivity and anxiolytic-like behaviour","volume":"73","author":"Rosin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"issue":"1555\u20131567","key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0195","first-page":"e5","article-title":"Dorsal-to-ventral cortical expansion is physically primed by ventral streaming of early embryonic preplate neurons","volume":"29","author":"Saito","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.03.026","article-title":"Microglia sculpt postnatal neural circuits in an activity and complement-dependent manner","volume":"74","author":"Schafer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-019-0148-y","article-title":"Cell migration promotes dynamic cellular interactions to control cerebral cortex morphogenesis","volume":"20","author":"Silva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.07.042","article-title":"Microglia modulate wiring of the embryonic forebrain","volume":"8","author":"Squarzoni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.10.014","article-title":"Plasmacytoid dendritic cells are crucial for the initiation of inflammation and t cell immunity in vivo","volume":"35","author":"Takagi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat0474","article-title":"Microglia and early brain development: an intimate journey","volume":"362","author":"Thion","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science (80-.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3358","article-title":"Layer v cortical neurons require microglial support for survival during postnatal development","volume":"16","author":"Ueno","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00396","article-title":"Neurogenesis in the embryonic and adult brain: same regulators, different roles","volume":"8","author":"Urb\u00e1n","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"issue":"557\u2013573","key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0235","first-page":"e18","article-title":"Early fate defines microglia and non-parenchymal brain macrophage development","volume":"181","author":"Utz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0393-4","article-title":"A single-cell atlas of mouse brain macrophages reveals unique transcriptional identities shaped by ontogeny and tissue environment","volume":"22","author":"Van Hove","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1177\/0023677219856918","article-title":"Tamoxifen administration in pregnant mice can be deleterious to both mother and embryo","volume":"53","author":"Ved","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lab. Anim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4742","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.7.4742","article-title":"Homeostasis and effector function of lymphopenia-induced \u201cMemory-Like\u201d T cells in constitutively T cell-depleted mice","volume":"180","author":"Voehringer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3292","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201696056","article-title":"A novel microglial subset plays a key role in myelinogenesis in developing brain","volume":"36","author":"Wlodarczyk","year":"2017","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.12.001","article-title":"Fate mapping reveals origins and dynamics of monocytes and tissue macrophages under homeostasis","volume":"38","author":"Yona","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3600","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-09-3842","article-title":"Characterization of Siglec-H as a novel endocytic receptor expressed on murine plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursors","volume":"107","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"}],"container-title":["Neuroscience Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168010221001437?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168010221001437?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T10:29:53Z","timestamp":1759141793000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168010221001437"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S0168010221001437"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-0102"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-0102","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A mouse model of microglia-specific ablation in the embryonic central nervous system","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neuroscience Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neures.2021.06.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. and Japan Neuroscience Society. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}