{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T03:22:58Z","timestamp":1780975378425,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuroscience Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T17:45:43Z","timestamp":1733247943000},"page":"11-19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Systemic administrations of protamine heal subacute spinal cord injury in mice."],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"212","author":[{"given":"Tomoya","family":"Ozaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Sugie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Uchimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masumi","family":"Suzui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuma","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiko","family":"Shirane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Kadomatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10199","article-title":"Functional regeneration of respiratory pathways after spinal cord injury","volume":"475","author":"Alilain","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat5994","article-title":"Connecting neuronal circuits for movement","volume":"360","author":"Arber","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2006.23.635","article-title":"Basso Mouse Scale for locomotion detects differences in recovery after spinal cord injury in five common mouse strains","volume":"23","author":"Basso","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2004.10.006","article-title":"Inflammation and apoptosis: linked therapeutic targets in spinal cord injury","volume":"10","author":"Beattie","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1038\/416636a","article-title":"Chondroitinase ABC promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury","volume":"416","author":"Bradbury","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1200840","article-title":"Proteoglycan-specific molecular switch for RPTP\u03c3 clustering and neuronal extension","volume":"332","author":"Coles","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5810","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-14-05810.1999","article-title":"Robust regeneration of adult sensory axons in degenerating white matter of the adult rat spinal cord","volume":"19","author":"Davies","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(91)90066-9","article-title":"Expression of the growth-associated protein GAP-43 in adult rat retinal ganglion cells following axon injury","volume":"6","author":"Doster","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-020-00962-z","article-title":"Neuroprotective Cationic Arginine-Rich Peptides (CARPs): An Assessment of Their Clinical Safety","volume":"43","author":"Edwards","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib10","first-page":"168","article-title":"On the distribution of tritium-labeled protamine in the body of mammals","volume":"9","author":"Frimmer","year":"1963","journal-title":"Med. Exp. Int. J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2014.00151","article-title":"The role of the serotonergic system in locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury","volume":"8","author":"Ghosh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Neural Circuits"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2692","DOI":"10.1021\/bi048046i","article-title":"Binding of oligoarginine to membrane lipids and heparan sulfate: structural and thermodynamic characterization of a cell-penetrating peptide","volume":"44","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04724","article-title":"Suppression of basal autophagy in neural cells causes neurodegenerative disease in mice","volume":"441","author":"Hara","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2021.113679","article-title":"Enoxaparin promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury by antagonizing PTPR\u03c3","volume":"340","author":"Ito","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2020.7413","article-title":"Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier in Spinal Cord Injury: A Review","volume":"38","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.2174\/092986611795713989","article-title":"Protamines: structural complexity, evolution and chromatin patterning","volume":"18","author":"Kasinsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Protein Pept. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6213","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-14-06213.1999","article-title":"Direct agonists for serotonin receptors enhance locomotor function in rats that received neural transplants after neonatal spinal transection","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04723","article-title":"Loss of autophagy in the central nervous system causes neurodegeneration in mice","volume":"441","author":"Komatsu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189164","article-title":"Protamine neutralizes chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan-mediated inhibition of oligodendrocyte differentiation","volume":"12","author":"Kuboyama","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.865275","article-title":"Low-Molecular Weight Protamine Overcomes Chondroitin Sulfate Inhibition of Neural Regeneration","volume":"10","author":"Kulesskaya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13974","article-title":"Modulation of the proteoglycan receptor PTP\u03c3 promotes recovery after spinal cord injury","volume":"518","author":"Lang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-061010-113723","article-title":"Neuronal intrinsic mechanisms of axon regeneration","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201106120","article-title":"Autophagosomes initiate distally and mature during transport toward the cell soma in primary neurons","volume":"196","author":"Maday","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-018-0001-8","article-title":"Intrinsic mechanisms of neuronal axon regeneration","volume":"19","author":"Mahar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00108","article-title":"Cationic Arginine-Rich Peptides (CARPs): A Novel Class of Neuroprotective Agents With a Multimodal Mechanism of Action","volume":"11","author":"Meloni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-017-8441-2","article-title":"Assessment of the Neuroprotective Effects of Arginine-Rich Protamine Peptides, Poly-Arginine Peptides (R12-Cyclic, R22) and Arginine-Tryptophan-Containing Peptides Following In Vitro Excitotoxicity and\/or Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats","volume":"19","author":"Meloni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuromolecular Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/87415","article-title":"Regeneration of CNS axons back to their target following treatment of adult rat brain with chondroitinase ABC","volume":"4","author":"Moon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1021\/bi0612824","article-title":"Interaction of arginine-rich peptides with membrane-associated proteoglycans is crucial for induction of actin organization and macropinocytosis","volume":"46","author":"Nakase","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1910193","article-title":"Structural analysis of chick-embryo cartilage proteoglycan by selective degradation with chondroitin lyases (chondroitinases) and endo-beta-D-galactosidase (keratanase)","volume":"191","author":"Oike","year":"1980","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s41232-016-0026-1","article-title":"The pathophysiological role of acute inflammation after spinal cord injury","volume":"36","author":"Okada","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inflamm. Regen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1425","article-title":"Conditional ablation of Stat3 or Socs3 discloses a dual role for reactive astrocytes after spinal cord injury","volume":"12","author":"Okada","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/945034","article-title":"Managing inflammation after spinal cord injury through manipulation of macrophage function","volume":"2013","author":"Ren","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa2958","article-title":"Axonal regeneration. Systemic administration of epothilone B promotes axon regeneration after spinal cord injury","volume":"348","author":"Ruschel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.702179","article-title":"Axonal Regeneration by Glycosaminoglycan","volume":"9","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-019-0274-x","article-title":"Glycan sulfation patterns define autophagy flux at axon tip via PTPR\u03c3-cortactin axis","volume":"15","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5524","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115524","article-title":"Type IIa RPTPs and Glycans: Roles in Axon Regeneration and Synaptogenesis","volume":"22","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2011.1919","article-title":"Rapamycin promotes autophagy and reduces neural tissue damage and locomotor impairment after spinal cord injury in mice","volume":"29","author":"Sekiguchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1178310","article-title":"PTPsigma is a receptor for chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, an inhibitor of neural regeneration","volume":"326","author":"Shen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-52621-8","article-title":"Short-term inhibition of fibrinolytic system restores locomotor function after spinal cord injury in mice","volume":"9","author":"Shiraishi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1326","article-title":"Regeneration beyond the glial scar","volume":"5","author":"Silver","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)93576-3","article-title":"Formation of three types of disulfated disaccharides from chondroitin sulfates by chondroitinase digestion","volume":"243","author":"Suzuki","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6531","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0994-04.2004","article-title":"Studies on the development and behavior of the dystrophic growth cone, the hallmark of regeneration failure, in an in vitro model of the glial scar and after spinal cord injury","volume":"24","author":"Tom","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2015.04.006","article-title":"Chondroitin-based nanoplexes as peptide delivery systems--Investigations into the self-assembly process, solid-state and extended release characteristics","volume":"93","author":"Umerska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4843","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06937-0","article-title":"Rapid and robust restoration of breathing long after spinal cord injury","volume":"9","author":"Warren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2379","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.16685","article-title":"Biochemical and crystallographic assessments of the effect of 4,6-O-disulfated disaccharide moieties in chondroitin sulfate E on chondroitinase ABC I activity","volume":"290","author":"Watanabe","year":"2022","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.10759","article-title":"Blood-spinal cord barrier after spinal cord injury: relation to revascularization and wound healing","volume":"74","author":"Whetstone","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."}],"container-title":["Neuroscience Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168010224001512?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168010224001512?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T11:16:56Z","timestamp":1741087016000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168010224001512"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S0168010224001512"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-0102"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-0102","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Systemic administrations of protamine heal subacute spinal cord injury in mice.","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neuroscience Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neures.2024.12.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}