{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T06:48:49Z","timestamp":1776235729148,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NeuroToxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]],"date-time":"2013-12-01T20:32:27Z","timestamp":1385929947000},"page":"52-56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Elevated blood harmane (1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole) concentrations in Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Elan D.","family":"Louis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Michalec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pam","family":"Factor-Litvak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9368","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.23.9368","article-title":"Mitochondrial respiratory inhibition by N-methylated beta-carboline derivatives structurally resembling N-methyl-4-phenylpyridine","volume":"87","author":"Albores","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2005.08.022","article-title":"In vitro and ex vivo distribution of [3H]harmane, an endogenous beta-carboline, in rat brain","volume":"50","author":"Anderson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21049","article-title":"Pesticide exposure might be a strong risk factor for Parkinson's disease","volume":"63","author":"Baldereschi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.046292","article-title":"Long duration asymmetrical postural tremor is likely to predict development of Parkinson's disease and not essential tremor: clinical follow up study of 13 cases","volume":"76","author":"Chaudhuri","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2011.01516.x","article-title":"LINGO1 variants in essential tremor and Parkinson's disease","volume":"125","author":"Deng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dick FD. 2006. Parkinson's disease and pesticide exposures. Br Med Bull 79-80:219-231; doi:10.1093\/bmb\/ldl018.[Online 22 January 2007].","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldl018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0030","series-title":"Recent Developments in Parkinson's Disease","first-page":"153","article-title":"Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale","author":"Fahn","year":"1987"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(71)90004-9","article-title":"An investigation on the central effects of harmine, harmaline and related beta-carbolines","volume":"10","author":"Fuentes","year":"1971","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0900852","article-title":"Well-water consumption and Parkinson's disease in rural California","volume":"117","author":"Gatto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.17.5.427","article-title":"Parkinsonism: onset, progression and mortality","volume":"17","author":"Hoehn","year":"1967","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.3.181","article-title":"Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease: a clinico-pathological study of 100 cases","volume":"55","author":"Hughes","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.40.10.1529","article-title":"Variable expression of Parkinson's disease: a base-line analysis of the DATATOP cohort. The Parkinson Study Group","volume":"40","author":"Jankovic","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0060","first-page":"291","article-title":"Plasma harman and norharman in Parkinson's disease","volume":"46","author":"Kuhn","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neural Transm Suppl"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01271257","article-title":"Elevated levels of harman and norharman in cerebrospinal fluid of parkinsonian patients","volume":"103","author":"Kuhn","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0070","first-page":"49","article-title":"MPTP-induced parkinsonism in human and non-human primates\u2014clinical and experimental aspects","volume":"100","author":"Langston","year":"1984","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand Suppl"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000328866","article-title":"Association between essential tremor and other neurodegenerative diseases: what is the epidemiological evidence?","volume":"37","author":"LaRoia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01864238","article-title":"Untersuchungen Uber Banisteria caapi Sp","volume":"129","author":"Lewin","year":"1928","journal-title":"Arch Exp Pathol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1968.tb02103.x","article-title":"Cumulative illness rating scale","volume":"16","author":"Linn","year":"1968","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1097\/00008877-200609000-00012","article-title":"Parkinson's disease-like syndrome in rats induced by 2,9-dimethyl-beta-carbolinium ion, a beta-carboline occurring in the human brain","volume":"17","author":"Lorenc-Koci","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behav Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2012.09.004","article-title":"Blood harmane (1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole) concentration in essential tremor cases in Spain","volume":"34","author":"Louis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628151","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/628151","article-title":"Blood harmane concentrations in 497 individuals relative to coffee, cigarettes, and food consumption on the morning of testing","volume":"2011","author":"Louis","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Toxicol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2007.12.001","article-title":"Elevated blood harmane (1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole) concentrations in essential tremor","volume":"29","author":"Louis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000038385.60538.19","article-title":"Elevation of blood beta-carboline alkaloids in essential tremor","volume":"59","author":"Louis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)91221-D","article-title":"Potential bioactivated neurotoxicants, N-methylated beta-carbolinium ions, are present in human brain","volume":"610","author":"Matsubara","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0120","first-page":"109","article-title":"Plant hallucinogens: springboards for psychotherapeutic drug discovery","volume":"73","author":"McKenna","year":"1996","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22161","article-title":"Emergence of Parkinson's disease in essential tremor: a study of the clinical correlates in 53 patients","volume":"23","author":"Minen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4347(00)82576-1","article-title":"Determination of pharmacological levels of harmane, harmine and harmaline in mammalian brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid and plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection","volume":"496","author":"Moncrieff","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Chromatogr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2003.10.044","article-title":"Exposure to beta-carbolines norharman and harman","volume":"802","author":"Pfau","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.1.8","article-title":"Welding-related parkinsonism: clinical features, treatment, and pathophysiology","volume":"56","author":"Racette","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/29.2.323","article-title":"Parkinson's disease mortality and pesticide exposure in California 1984\u20131994","volume":"29","author":"Ritz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(02)01452-8","article-title":"The levels of norharman are high enough after smoking to affect monoamineoxidase B in platelets","volume":"441","author":"Rommelspacher","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1991.tb00559.x","article-title":"Plasma norharman (beta-carboline) levels are elevated in chronic alcoholics","volume":"15","author":"Rommelspacher","year":"1991","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870080116","article-title":"Parkinson's disease mortality and the industrial use of heavy metals in Michigan","volume":"8","author":"Rybicki","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.7.1328","article-title":"Parkinson's disease and exposure to agricultural work and pesticide chemicals","volume":"42","author":"Semchuk","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0170","article-title":"Examining the motor phenotype of patients with both essential tremor and Parkinson's disease","volume":"2","author":"Sim\u00f5es","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (NY)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1103881","article-title":"Is pesticide use related to Parkinson disease? Some clues to heterogeneity in study results","volume":"120","author":"van der Mark","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s10048-010-0241-x","article-title":"LINGO1 and LINGO2 variants are associated with essential tremor and Parkinson disease","volume":"11","author":"Vilari\u00f1o-G\u00fcell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurogenetics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(02)00057-3","article-title":"Co-occurrence of essential tremor and Parkinson's disease: clinical study of a large kindred with autopsy findings","volume":"9","author":"Yahr","year":"2003","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.03.050","article-title":"Effects of harman and norharman on dopamine biosynthesis and l-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells","volume":"587","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1159\/000136294","article-title":"Cerebral pharmacokinetics of tremor-producing harmala and iboga alkaloids","volume":"7","author":"Zetler","year":"1972","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1999.4456","article-title":"Determination of harmane and harmine in human blood using reversed-phased high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection","volume":"279","author":"Zheng","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"}],"container-title":["NeuroToxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161813X13001770?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161813X13001770?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,8]],"date-time":"2018-10-08T15:53:19Z","timestamp":1539013999000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0161813X13001770"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S0161813X13001770"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-813X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-813X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Elevated blood harmane (1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole) concentrations in Parkinson's disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"NeuroToxicology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.11.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}