{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T01:33:41Z","timestamp":1782869621491,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]],"date-time":"2016-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Norwegian Health Association","award":["1513"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1513"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NeuroToxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,17]],"date-time":"2016-03-17T07:40:34Z","timestamp":1458200434000},"page":"34-43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Hyperosmolar sodium chloride is toxic to cultured neurons and causes reduction of glucose metabolism and ATP levels, an increase in glutamate uptake, and a reduction in cytosolic calcium"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Cecilie","family":"Morland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi Nguyen","family":"Pettersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f8rnar","family":"Hassel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2012.2410","article-title":"Hypernatremia is associated with increased risk of mortality in pediatric severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"30","author":"Alharfi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(96)00011-6","article-title":"Hyperosmotic exposure alters total taurine quantity and cellular transport in rat astrocyte cultures","volume":"1290","author":"Beetsch","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.7.1694","article-title":"Hypertonic saline worsens infarct volume after transient focal ischemia in rats","volume":"31","author":"Bhardwaj","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.069","article-title":"Effects of parenteral hydration in terminally ill cancer patients: a preliminary study","volume":"23","author":"Bruera","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.07-02-00369.1987","article-title":"Ionic dependence of glutamate neurotoxicity","volume":"7","author":"Choi","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0030","first-page":"F522","article-title":"Regulation of brain water and electrolytes during acute hyperosmolality in rats","volume":"253","author":"Cserr","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1991.sp018793","article-title":"Extracellular volume decreases while cell volume is maintained by ion uptake in rat brain during acute hypernatremia","volume":"442","author":"Cserr","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2005.01.006","article-title":"Organic solvent-induced cell death in rat cerebellar granule cells: structure dependence of c10 hydrocarbons and relationship to reactive oxygen species formation","volume":"26","author":"Dreiem","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2006.0094","article-title":"Effects of crystalloid-colloid solutions on traumatic brain injury","volume":"24","author":"Elliott","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00806.x","article-title":"Effect of insulin-induced hypoglycemia on the concentrations of glutamate and related amino acids and energy metabolites in the intact and decorticated rat neostriatum","volume":"47","author":"Engelsen","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2410","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.11-08-02410.1991","article-title":"Relations between intracellular ions and energy metabolism: a study with monensin in synaptosomes, neurons, and C6 glioma cells","volume":"11","author":"Ereci\u0144ska","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.07-07-02203.1987","article-title":"The role of depolarization in the survival and differentiation of cerebellar granule cells in culture","volume":"7","author":"Gallo","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3440","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)83641-4","article-title":"A new generation of Ca2+ indicators with greatly improved fluorescence properties","volume":"260","author":"Grynkiewicz","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200101000-00006","article-title":"Redistribution of neuroactive amino acids in hippocampus and striatum during hypoglycemia: a quantitative immunogold study","volume":"21","author":"Gundersen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0075","first-page":"30","volume":"vol. 13","author":"Han","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00973096","article-title":"Metabolic differences between primary cultures of astrocytes and neurons from cerebellum and cerebral cortex. Effects of fluorocitrate","volume":"20","author":"Hassel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1097\/00008506-200104000-00009","article-title":"Hypertonic-hyperoncotic saline differentially affects healthy and glutamate-injured primary rat hippocampal neurons and cerebral astrocytes","volume":"13","author":"Himmelseher","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Anesthesiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0b013e3282eff9ea","article-title":"Hypertonic saline solutions for treatment of intracranial hypertension","volume":"20","author":"Himmelseher","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Anaesthesiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0095","first-page":"6237","article-title":"Sodium-coupled neurotransmitter transport: structure, function and regulation","volume":"19","author":"Kanner","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2013.02.016","article-title":"Simultaneous recording of hippocampal oxygen and glucose in real time using constant potential amperometry in the freely-moving rat","volume":"215","author":"Kealy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1977.tb10434.x","article-title":"Synaptic and nonsynaptic mitochondria from rat brain: isolation and characterization","volume":"28","author":"Lai","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2012.05.021","article-title":"Hypernatremia severity and the risk of death after traumatic brain injury","volume":"44","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555S","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2007.10719658","article-title":"Hydration and cognition: a critical review and recommendations for future research","volume":"26","author":"Lieberman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0120","series-title":"A Flexible System of Enzymatic Analysis","author":"Lowry","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6","article-title":"Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent","volume":"193","author":"Lowry","year":"1951","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.68.4.448","article-title":"Non-accidental salt poisoning","volume":"68","author":"Meadow","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2330","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1998.71062330.x","article-title":"Osmotic swelling-induced changes in cytosolic calcium do not affect regulatory volume decrease in rat cultured suspended cerebellar astrocytes","volume":"71","author":"Morales-Mulia","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2007.01.003","article-title":"Evidence for a higher glycolytic than oxidative metabolic activity in white matter of rat brain","volume":"50","author":"Morland","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2004.01411.x","article-title":"Fatal voluntary salt intake resulting in the highest ever documented sodium plasma level in adults (255mmolL\u22121): a disorder linked to female gender and psychiatric disorders","volume":"256","author":"Ofran","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2013.01.010","article-title":"Taurine and epilepsy","volume":"104","author":"Oja","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.0003g.x","article-title":"Receptor-mediated control of regulatory volume decrease (RVD) and apoptotic volume decrease (AVD)","volume":"532","author":"Okada","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)02115-0","article-title":"3-Nitropropionic acid: an astrocyte-sparing neurotoxin in vitro","volume":"850","author":"Olsen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2007.05.009","article-title":"Effects of osmolytes on hexokinase kinetics combined with macromolecular crowding: test of the osmolyte compatibility hypothesis towards crowded systems","volume":"148","author":"Olsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00967248","article-title":"Contribution of organic and inorganic osmolytes to volume regulation in rat brain cells in culture","volume":"18","author":"Pasantes-Morales","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e007808","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-007808","article-title":"Observational, longitudinal study of delirium in consecutive unselected acute medical admissions: age-specific rates and associated factors, mortality and re-admission","volume":"5","author":"Pendlebury","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vascn.2007.05.004","article-title":"Measurements with fluorescent probes in primary neural cultures; improved multiwell techniques","volume":"56","author":"Ring","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMct1206321","article-title":"Hyperosmolar therapy for raised intracranial pressure","volume":"367","author":"Ropper","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22492","article-title":"Two sides of the same coin: sodium homeostasis and signaling in astrocytes under physiological and pathophysiological conditions","volume":"61","author":"Rose","year":"2013","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0195","series-title":"A Dissection and Tissue Culture Manual for the Nervous System.","first-page":"203","article-title":"Preparation of primary cultures of mouse (rat) cerebellar granule cells","author":"Schousboe","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.3.1193","article-title":"Serum and depolarizing agents cause acute neurotoxicity in cultured cerebellar granule cells: role of the glutamate receptor responsive to N-methyl-d-aspartate","volume":"87","author":"Schramm","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35176","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M402282200","article-title":"The muscle-specific calmodulin-dependent protein kinase assembles with the glycolytic enzyme complex at the sarcoplasmic reticulum and modulates the activity of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in a Ca2+\/calmodulin-dependent manner","volume":"279","author":"Singh","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1977.tb10649.x","article-title":"The [14C]deoxyglucose method for the measurement of local cerebral glucose utilization: theory, procedure, and normal values in the conscious and anesthetized albino rat","volume":"28","author":"Sokoloff","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1404489","article-title":"Disorders of plasma sodium\u2013causes, consequences, and correction","volume":"372","author":"Sterns","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12828","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.230438697","article-title":"Kiss and run exocytosis at hippocampal synapses","volume":"97","author":"Stevens","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00999383","article-title":"Effects of acute hyperosmolar NaCl or urea on brain H2O, Na+, K+, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolism in weanling mice: NaCl induces insulin secretion and hypoglycemia","volume":"1","author":"Thurston","year":"1986","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4110","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)99819-4","article-title":"Effect of pH on the kinetics of frog muscle phosphofructokinase","volume":"241","author":"Trivedi","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2007.02507.x","article-title":"Breast-feeding-associated hypernatremia: retrospective analysis of 169 term newborns","volume":"50","author":"Unal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(91)90354-S","article-title":"Membrane depolarization and the expression of glutamate receptors in cerebellar granule cells","volume":"201","author":"Van der Valk","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2009.02485.x","article-title":"An intervention integrated into daily clinical practice reduces the incidence of delirium during hospitalization in elderly patients","volume":"57","author":"Vid\u00e1n","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0250","series-title":"Global Water Supply and Sanitation Assessment 2000 Report","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2014-0053","article-title":"NMDA receptor activity determines neuronal fate: location or number?","volume":"26","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["NeuroToxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161813X16300328?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161813X16300328?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T09:25:39Z","timestamp":1655285139000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0161813X16300328"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S0161813X16300328"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-813X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-813X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Hyperosmolar sodium chloride is toxic to cultured neurons and causes reduction of glucose metabolism and ATP levels, an increase in glutamate uptake, and a reduction in cytosolic calcium","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"NeuroToxicology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.03.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}