{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T16:13:45Z","timestamp":1784304825595,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588291200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588291200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,21]],"date-time":"2021-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":296,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005285","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Goi\u00e1s","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005285","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006303","name":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fundo de Incentivo \u00e0 Pesquisa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006303","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NeuroToxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]],"date-time":"2020-02-18T21:49:54Z","timestamp":1582062594000},"page":"64-70","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Silymarin administration during pregnancy and breastfeeding: evaluation of initial development and adult behavior of mice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8072-1793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caio Cesar","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akemy Nogueira","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monaliza Lopes dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter Dias","family":"Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1894-6748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica Levy","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0198-2910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"Mazaro-Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.008_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2003.11.049","article-title":"Perirhinal N-methyl-d-aspartate and muscarinic systems participate in object recognition in rats","volume":"356","author":"Abe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.008_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3109\/15569520903380353","article-title":"Teratogenic effects of carbamazepine on embryonic eye development in pregnant mice","volume":"29","author":"Afshar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.008_bib0015","series-title":"Handbook of Anxiety and Fear","first-page":"63","article-title":"Defensive behaviors, fear, and anxiety","author":"Blanchard","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.008_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1080\/J157v02n01_06","article-title":"The use of a silymarin\/phospholipid compound as a fetoprotectant from ethanol-induced behavioral deficits","volume":"2","author":"Busby","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Herb. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.008_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-81232018244.07472017","article-title":"The use of phytotherapy during pregnancy: a global overview","volume":"24","author":"Cardoso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ci\u00ean & Saud Colet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.008_bib0030","first-page":"2578","article-title":"The effect of silymarin on hepatic regeneration after partial hepatectomy: is silymarin effective in hepatic regeneration?","volume":"8","author":"Cetinkunar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J ClinExp Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.008_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2009.02.007","article-title":"Silymarin BIO-C\u00ae, an extract from Silybum marianum fruits, induces hyperprolactinemia in intact female rats","volume":"16","author":"Copasso","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phytomedicine."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.008_bib0040","first-page":"205","article-title":"Clinical efficacy, safety and tolerability of BIO-C (micronized Silymarin) as a galactagogue","volume":"79","author":"Di Pierro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.008_bib0045","first-page":"412","article-title":"Phamacokinetics of drugs in pregnancy","volume":"39","author":"Feghali","year":"2015","journal-title":"SeminPerinatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.008_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(01)00292-3","article-title":"Factors controlling measures of anxiety and responses to novelty in the mouse","volume":"125","author":"File","year":"2001","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.008_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-3472(65)90041-2","article-title":"Reflex-ontogeny and behavioural development of the mouse","volume":"13","author":"Fox","year":"1965","journal-title":"Animal Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.008_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.2165\/00044011-200222010-00007","article-title":"Pharmacology of silymarin","volume":"22","author":"Fraschini","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Drug Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.008_bib0065","first-page":"542","article-title":"Teratogenic effects of silymarin on mouse fetuses","volume":"6","author":"Gholami","year":"2016","journal-title":"Avicenna J. Phytomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.008_bib0070","series-title":"Handbook of Developmental Neurotoxicology","first-page":"287","article-title":"Behavioral phenotyping in developmental neurotoxicology \u2013 simple approaches using unconditioned behaviors in rodents","author":"Graham","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.008_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1037\/h0071444","article-title":"Emotional behavior in the rat: I. Defecation and urination as measures of individual differences in emotionality","volume":"18","author":"Hall","year":"1934","journal-title":"J. Comp. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.008_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2014.942787","article-title":"Possible involvement of nitric oxide in antidepressant-like effect of silymarin in male mice","volume":"53","author":"Khoshnoodi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmac Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.008_bib0085","first-page":"54","article-title":"Effects of Silybum marianum on hippocampus GFAP and spatial memory in mice model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"9","author":"Mahmoudi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Amer Science."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.008_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2006.02.005","article-title":"Protective effect of silymarin on oxidative stress in rat brain","volume":"14","author":"Nencini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phytomedicine."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.008_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathophys.2017.01.002","article-title":"Silymarin attenuates aspartame-induced variation in mouse behaviour, cerebrocortical morphology and oxidative stress markers","volume":"24","author":"Onaolopa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pathophysiology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.008_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199528030-00005","article-title":"Placental tranfer of drugs administered to the mother","volume":"28","author":"Pacifici","year":"1995","journal-title":"ClinPharmacokinet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.008_bib0105","first-page":"13","article-title":"Evaluation of the galactogogue effect of silymarin on mothers of preterm newborns (<32 weeks)","volume":"37","author":"Peila","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med and Surg Pediat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.008_bib0110","first-page":"327","article-title":"Behavioral despair in mice: a primary screening test for antidepressants","volume":"229","author":"Porsolt","year":"1977","journal-title":"Arch Interna Pharma Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.008_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1177\/1534735407301632","article-title":"Advances in the use of milk thistle (Silybum marianum)","volume":"6","author":"Post-White","year":"2007","journal-title":"Integrat Cancer Therap."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.008_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.07-9574LSF","article-title":"Dose translation from animal to human studies revisited","volume":"22","author":"Reagan-Shaw","year":"2008","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.008_bib0125","first-page":"398","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics in pregnancy and placental drug transfer","volume":"11","author":"Reynolds","year":"1989","journal-title":"Oxf. Rev. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.008_bib0130","first-page":"511","article-title":"Critical periods of vulnerability for the developing nervous system: evidence from humans and animal models","volume":"3","author":"Rice","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.008_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2018.01.018","article-title":"Testing experience and environmental enrichment potentiated open-field habituation and gromming behaviour in rats","volume":"137","author":"Rojas-Carvajal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.008_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-017-9759-0","article-title":"Chronic silymarin, quercetina and naringenin treatments increase monoamines synthesis and hippocampal Sirt1 levels improving cognition in aged rats","volume":"13","author":"Sarubbo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.008_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1177\/1534735407301942","article-title":"Review of clinical trials evaluating safety and efficacy of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertn.)","volume":"6","author":"Tamayo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Integrat Cancer Therap."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.008_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(04)70044-2","article-title":"Effects of silymarin, a natural hepatoprotector, in periparturient dairy cows","volume":"87","author":"Tedesco","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.008_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1037\/pne0000038","article-title":"Modulation of grooming behavior in rats by different test situations","volume":"9","author":"Veloso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.008_bib0160","first-page":"331","article-title":"Role of serotonergic system on modulation of depressogenic-like effects of silymarine","volume":"11","author":"Yaghmaei","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iran. J. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.008_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2016.86","article-title":"Efficacy of a galactogogue containing silymarin-phosphatidylserine and galega in mothers of preterm infants: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"70","author":"Zecca","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."}],"container-title":["NeuroToxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161813X20300309?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161813X20300309?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T14:20:19Z","timestamp":1758982819000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0161813X20300309"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["S0161813X20300309"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-813X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-813X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Silymarin administration during pregnancy and breastfeeding: evaluation of initial development and adult behavior of mice","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"NeuroToxicology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}