{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:55:36Z","timestamp":1772121336528,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]],"date-time":"2020-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01ES006189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES006189"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NeuroToxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]],"date-time":"2020-11-25T11:18:50Z","timestamp":1606303130000},"page":"119-129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Chronic developmental lead exposure increases \u03bc-opiate receptor levels in the adolescent rat brain"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Damaris","family":"Albores-Garcia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"McGlothan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zoran","family":"Bursac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom\u00e1s R.","family":"Guilarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbt071","article-title":"Chronic exposure of mutant DISC1 mice to lead produces sex-dependent abnormalities consistent with schizophrenia and related mental disorders: a gene-environment interaction study","volume":"40","author":"Abazyan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2015.1031050","article-title":"Blood lead levels in andean infants and young children in Ecuador: an international comparison","volume":"78","author":"Allen Counter","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ Health A"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227966","article-title":"Socioeconomic risk factors for fatal opioid overdoses in the United States: findings from the Mortality Disparities in American Communities Study (MDAC)","volume":"15","author":"Altekruse","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0020","first-page":"488","article-title":"A comparison of blood-lead level (BLL) in opium-dependant addicts with healthy control group using the graphite Furnace\/atomic absorption spectroscopy (GF-AAS) followed by chemometric analysis","volume":"14","author":"Amiri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iran. Red Crescent Med. J."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199210293271805","article-title":"Environmental exposure to lead and children\u2019s intelligence at the age of seven years. The Port Pirie Cohort Study","volume":"327","author":"Baghurst","year":"1992","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(85)90070-7","article-title":"Ontogenesis of proenkephalin products in rat striatum and the inhibitory effects of low-level lead exposure","volume":"354","author":"Bailey","year":"1985","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-0362(88)90007-4","article-title":"Alteration of opioid peptide and receptor ontogeny in the brain of pre- and postnatally low-level lead-exposed rats","volume":"10","author":"Baraldi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.03.005","article-title":"Elevated blood lead levels in a riverside population in the Brazilian Amazon","volume":"109","author":"Barbosa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"6813","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1038\/35047086","article-title":"Mu-opioid receptor desensitization by beta-arrestin-2 determines morphine tolerance but not dependence","volume":"408","author":"Bohn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0050","series-title":"HHS Publication No. SMA 16-4984, NSDUH Series H-51","article-title":"Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2015 national survey on drug use and health","author":"Bose","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.10.024","article-title":"Lead intoxicated children in Kabwe, Zambia","volume":"165","author":"Bose-O\u2019Reilly","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"44","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0060","first-page":"1013","article-title":"Notes from the field: severe environmental contamination and elevated blood lead levels among children - Zambia, 2014","volume":"63","author":"Caravanos","year":"2014","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2009.09.001","article-title":"Environmental causes of violence","volume":"99","author":"Carpenter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0070","first-page":"1189","article-title":"Neurobiology of the adolescent brain and behavior: implications for substance use disorders","volume":"49","author":"Casey","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2017.08.021","article-title":"Burden of higher lead exposure in African-Americans starts in utero and persists into childhood","volume":"108","author":"Cassidy-Bushrow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01134-9","article-title":"A neurobiological basis for substance abuse comorbidity in schizophrenia","volume":"50","author":"Chambers","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7625","article-title":"IQ and blood lead from 2 to 7 years of age: are the effects in older children the residual of high blood lead concentrations in 2-year-olds?","volume":"113","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0090","first-page":"16","article-title":"Childhood lead poisoning in Wisconsin","volume":"118","author":"Christensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"WMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2004.05.005","article-title":"Mu opioid receptor: a gateway to drug addiction","volume":"14","author":"Contet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0100","first-page":"301","article-title":"Blood lead and hemoglobin levels in Andean children with chronic lead intoxication","volume":"21","author":"Counter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2012.04.010","article-title":"Mu-Opioid and 5-HT1A receptors heterodimerize and show signalling crosstalk via G protein and MAP-kinase pathways","volume":"24","author":"Cussac","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-018-0028-x","article-title":"Opioid receptors: drivers to addiction?","volume":"19","author":"Darcq","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.108679","article-title":"Association between early lead exposure and externalizing behaviors in adolescence: a developmental cascade","volume":"178","author":"Desrochers-Couture","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-0362(93)90043-N","article-title":"The developmental consequences of low to moderate prenatal and postnatal lead exposure: intellectual attainment in the Cincinnati Lead Study Cohort following school entry","volume":"15","author":"Dietrich","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1103965","article-title":"Outbreak of fatal childhood lead poisoning related to artisanal gold mining in northwestern Nigeria, 2010","volume":"120","author":"Dooyema","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2009.08.008","article-title":"Motivational systems in adolescence: possible implications for age differences in substance abuse and other risk-taking behaviors","volume":"72","author":"Doremus-Fitzwater","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Cogn."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-89102012000200004","article-title":"Environmental lead poisoning among children in Porto Alegre state, Southern Brazil","volume":"46","author":"Ferron","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. Saude Publica"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.07.012","article-title":"Relationship between lead exposure, cognitive function, and drug addiction: pilot study and research agenda","volume":"108","author":"Fishbein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2018.04.014","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo activity of cyclopeptide Dmt-c[d-Lys-Phe-Asp]NH2, a mu opioid receptor agonist biased toward beta-arrestin","volume":"105","author":"Gach-Janczak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2003.08.003","article-title":"Drug dependence and the endogenous opioid system","volume":"13","author":"Gerrits","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2011.11.008","article-title":"Is lead exposure in early life an environmental risk factor for Schizophrenia? Neurobiological connections and testable hypotheses","volume":"33","author":"Guilarte","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.12.315","article-title":"Blood lead levels of children in urban and suburban areas in China (1997-2015): temporal and spatial variations and influencing factors","volume":"625","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06768.x","article-title":"Associative learning mechanisms underpinning the transition from recreational drug use to addiction","volume":"1282","author":"Hogarth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.10.002","article-title":"Inhibition of opioid systems in the hypothalamus as well as the mesolimbic area suppresses feeding behavior of mice","volume":"311","author":"Ikeda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2016.10.004","article-title":"Sensitive periods of substance abuse: early risk for the transition to dependence","volume":"25","author":"Jordan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02071128","article-title":"Recent advances in molecular recognition and signal transduction of active peptides: receptors for opioid peptides","volume":"15","author":"Kieffer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"2-3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0185","first-page":"125","article-title":"Effect of perinatal lead treatment on morphine dependence in the adult rat","volume":"14","author":"Kitchen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0144-y","article-title":"Complex formation between the vasopressin 1b receptor, beta-arrestin-2, and the mu-opioid receptor underlies morphine tolerance","volume":"21","author":"Koshimizu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.013","article-title":"Estimating the causal effect of prenatal lead exposure on prepulse inhibition deficits in children and adolescents","volume":"78","author":"Kponee-Shovein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0211535","article-title":"Determination of lead levels in maternal and umbilical cord blood at birth at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos","volume":"14","author":"Ladele","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1367\/1539-4409(2003)003<0027:POLTIU>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Prevention of lead toxicity in US children","volume":"3","author":"Lanphear","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ambul. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.06.005","article-title":"The national trend of blood lead levels among Chinese children aged 0-18 years old, 1990-2012","volume":"71","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13477","article-title":"Amygdala mu-opioid receptors mediate the motivating influence of cue-triggered reward expectations","volume":"45","author":"Lichtenberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2012.11.002","article-title":"Opioid receptors: distinct roles in mood disorders","volume":"36","author":"Lutz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5269","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b05060","article-title":"Seasonal variations in lead release to potable water","volume":"50","author":"Masters","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"6603","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1038\/383819a0","article-title":"Loss of morphine-induced analgesia, reward effect and withdrawal symptoms in mice lacking the mu-opioid-receptor gene","volume":"383","author":"Matthes","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1988.tb11606.x","article-title":"Perinatal lead exposure alters the development of delta- but not mu-opioid receptors in rat brain","volume":"94","author":"McDowell","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.06.005","article-title":"Corticostriatal control of goal-directed action is impaired in schizophrenia","volume":"77","author":"Morris","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530290033034","article-title":"Bone lead levels and delinquent behavior","volume":"275","author":"Needleman","year":"1996","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2004.02.005","article-title":"Historical review: molecular and cellular mechanisms of opiate and cocaine addiction","volume":"25","author":"Nestler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1080\/10773525.2018.1507291","volume":"24","author":"Neuwirth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.12.022","article-title":"What are the blood lead levels of children living in Latin America and the Caribbean?","volume":"101","author":"Olympio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.12.030","article-title":"Mix and match: heterodimers and opioid tolerance","volume":"69","author":"Pasternak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0270","series-title":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates, Compact","author":"Paxinos","year":"1997"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520040046039","article-title":"The decline in blood lead levels in the United States. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES)","volume":"272","author":"Pirkle","year":"1994","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.98106745","article-title":"Exposure of the U.S. population to lead, 1991-1994","volume":"106","author":"Pirkle","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2007.07.002","article-title":"The relation of low-level prenatal lead exposure to behavioral indicators of attention in Inuit infants in Arctic Quebec","volume":"29","author":"Plusquellec","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"issue":"55","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6355a6","article-title":"Blood lead levels in children aged <5 years - United States, 2007-2013","volume":"63","author":"Raymond","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A68","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.118-a68","article-title":"Exposure on tap: drinking water as an overlooked source of lead","volume":"118","author":"Renner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-003-1742-1","article-title":"Self-administration of heroin in rats: effects of low-level lead exposure during gestation and lactation","volume":"174","author":"Rocha","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl.)"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20174137","article-title":"Mutual enhancement of opioid and adrenergic receptors by combinations of opioids and adrenergic ligands is reflected in molecular complementarity of ligands: drug development possibilities","volume":"20","author":"Root-Bernstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2007.95","article-title":"The status of childhood lead poisoning and prevention in Nevada, USA","volume":"7","author":"Rothweiler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0315","first-page":"555","article-title":"Comparison of serum lead level in oral opium addicts with healthy control group","volume":"12","author":"Salehi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Iran. Med."},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23211","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1913749117","article-title":"The pervasive threat of lead (Pb) in drinking water: unmasking and pursuing scientific factors that govern lead release","volume":"117","author":"Santucci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-017-1498-8","article-title":"Robust age, but limited sex, differences in mu-opioid receptors in the rat brain: relevance for reward and drug-seeking behaviors in juveniles","volume":"223","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm.IJPVM_22_17","article-title":"Lead poisoning in opium abuser in Iran: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Soltaninejad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Prev. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(00)00014-2","article-title":"The adolescent brain and age-related behavioral manifestations","volume":"24","author":"Spear","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.07.026","article-title":"Consequences of adolescent use of alcohol and other drugs: studies using rodent models","volume":"70","author":"Spear","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9474","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c00479","article-title":"Modeled impacts of drinking water Pb reduction scenarios on children\u2019s exposures and blood lead levels","volume":"54","author":"Stanek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e522","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2014.147","article-title":"Early-life lead exposure recapitulates the selective loss of parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons and subcortical dopamine system hyperactivity present in schizophrenia","volume":"5","author":"Stansfield","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2842","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13908","article-title":"Heteromers of mu opioid and dopamine D1 receptors modulate opioid-induced locomotor sensitization in a dopamine-independent manner","volume":"174","author":"Tao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2017.09.007","article-title":"Food contamination as a pathway for lead exposure in children during the 2010-2013 lead poisoning epidemic in Zamfara, Nigeria","volume":"67","author":"Tirima","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. (China)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3795","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-012-2828-1","article-title":"Blood Pb levels in pregnant nigerian women in Abakaliki, South-Eastern Nigeria","volume":"185","author":"Ugwuja","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(03)00088-1","article-title":"Morphine conditioned place preference is attenuated by perinatal lead exposure","volume":"75","author":"Valles","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbp016","article-title":"Substance use disorders in schizophrenia--clinical implications of comorbidity","volume":"35","author":"Volkow","year":"2009","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-015-0124-9","article-title":"Racial\/Ethnic differences in childhood blood lead levels among children <72 months of age in the United States: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"3","author":"White","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Racial Ethn. Health Disparities"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6911a4","article-title":"Drug and opioid-involved overdose deaths - United States, 2017-2018","volume":"69","author":"Wilson","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e101","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050101","article-title":"Association of prenatal and childhood blood lead concentrations with criminal arrests in early adulthood","volume":"5","author":"Wright","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125412","article-title":"Current trends of blood lead levels, distribution patterns and exposure variations among household members in Kabwe, Zambia","volume":"243","author":"Yabe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17051552","article-title":"Disparity in risk factor severity for early childhood blood lead among predominantly african-american black children: the 1999 to 2010 US NHANES","volume":"17","author":"Yeter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105379","article-title":"Blood lead levels among Chinese children: the shifting influence of industry, traffic, and e-waste over three decades","volume":"135","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."}],"container-title":["NeuroToxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161813X20302059?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161813X20302059?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T14:21:50Z","timestamp":1758982910000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0161813X20302059"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":81,"alternative-id":["S0161813X20302059"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.04.18.048264","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0161-813X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-813X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Chronic developmental lead exposure increases \u03bc-opiate receptor levels in the adolescent rat brain","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"NeuroToxicology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.11.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}