{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T20:13:53Z","timestamp":1790712833728,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NeuroToxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T14:15:30Z","timestamp":1760796930000},"page":"103336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Long-term occupational exhaust fumes exposure and delayed cognitive impairment in older adults: A cross-sectional study in U.S"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Lili","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Perry E.","family":"Sheffield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rose","family":"Saint Fleur-Calixte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianxu","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Spencer Xinyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny J.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqad105","article-title":"Long-term occupational exposures on disability-free survival and mortality in older adults","volume":"73","author":"Alif","year":"2023","journal-title":"Occup. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-012-0015-3","article-title":"Plasma oxidative and inflammatory markers in patients with idiopathic parkinson's disease","volume":"112","author":"Andican","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Belg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfaa055","article-title":"Diesel exhaust extract exposure induces neuronal toxicity by disrupting autophagy","volume":"176","author":"Barnhill","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib4","article-title":"Occupational determinants of cognitive decline and dementia","volume":"1","author":"Berr","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2009.05.009","article-title":"Air pollution: mechanisms of neuroinflammation and CNS disease","volume":"32","author":"Block","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-018-0068-2","article-title":"Maintenance, reserve and compensation: the cognitive neuroscience of healthy ageing","volume":"19","author":"Cabeza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s41514-017-0013-z","article-title":"How does hormesis impact biology, toxicology, and Medicine?","volume":"3","author":"Calabrese","year":"2017","journal-title":"NPJ Aging Mech. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-022404","article-title":"Are noise and air pollution related to the incidence of dementia? A cohort study in London, england","volume":"8","author":"Carey","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317509345154","article-title":"Longitudinal verbal fluency in normal aging, preclinical, and prevalent alzheimer's disease","volume":"24","author":"Clark","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Alzheimers Dis. Other Demen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-018-2180-5","article-title":"Acute exposure to diesel exhaust impairs adult neurogenesis in mice: prominence in males and protective effect of pioglitazone","volume":"92","author":"Coburn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcae376","article-title":"Cerebral hyperactivation across the alzheimer's disease pathological cascade","volume":"6","author":"Corriveau-Lecavalier","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3233","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11123233","article-title":"Inflammatory pathways in overweight and obese persons as a potential mechanism for cognitive impairment and earlier onset alzeihmer's dementia in the general population: a narrative review","volume":"11","author":"Costache","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib13","article-title":"Differentiating among stages of cognitive impairment in aging: version 3 of the uniform data set (UDS) neuropsychological test battery and MoCA index scores","volume":"6","author":"Dodge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.107072","article-title":"Long-term ozone exposure and cognitive impairment among Chinese older adults: a cohort study","volume":"160","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.23733","article-title":"Perinatal diesel exhaust exposure causes persistent changes in the brains of aged mice: an assessment of behavioral and biochemical endpoints related to neurodegenerative disease","volume":"38","author":"Garrick","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-23485-2","article-title":"Neurotoxicity of diesel exhaust extracts in zebrafish and its implications for neurodegenerative disease","volume":"12","author":"Ha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u00e4nninen O., Lehtom\u00e4ki H., Korhonen A., Kokkola T., Hartikainen A., Sippula O., Haverinen-Shaughnessy U., Levi\u00e4kangas P., Rumrich I.K. Health risks related to air pollution by transport categories and vehicle types: Comparison by mortality indicators. Environ. Int. 202, 109657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109657.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109657"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-020-00355-1","article-title":"Influence of wood species on toxicity of log-wood stove combustion aerosols: a parallel animal and air-liquid interface cell exposure study on spruce and pine smoke","volume":"17","author":"Ihantola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.11.003","article-title":"Prevalence of steatotic liver disease (MASLD, MetALD, and ALD) in the United States: NHANES 2017-2020","volume":"22","author":"Kalligeros","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9090","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-88739-x","article-title":"A cross-sectional analysis of the association between sleep duration and osteoporosis risk in adults using 2005-2010 NHANES","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105487","article-title":"Activation of NLRP3 in microglia exacerbates diesel exhaust particles-induced impairment in learning and memory in mice","volume":"136","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-081219-111203","article-title":"Neuroplasticity, the prefrontal cortex, and Psychopathology-Related deviations in cognitive control","volume":"18","author":"Luciana","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3238","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c06556","article-title":"Randomized Cross-Over study of In-Vehicle cabin air filtration, air pollution exposure, and acute changes to heart rate variability, saliva cortisol, and cognitive function","volume":"57","author":"Mallach","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2025.03.013","article-title":"Role of manganese in brain health and disease: focus on oxidative stress","volume":"232","author":"Martins","year":"2025","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1437939","article-title":"Targeting the NRF2 pathway for disease modification in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic implications","volume":"15","author":"Mayer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2018.07.017","article-title":"Early evidence of stress in immortalized neurons exposed to diesel particles: the role of lipid reshaping behind oxidative stress and inflammation","volume":"409","author":"Milani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3699","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21103699","article-title":"Systemic exposure to air pollution induces oxidative stress and inflammation in mouse brain, contributing to neurodegeneration onset","volume":"21","author":"Milani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.39.9.1159","article-title":"The consortium to establish a registry for alzheimer's disease (CERAD). part I. Clinical and neuropsychological assessment of alzheimer's disease","volume":"39","author":"Morris","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-215120","article-title":"Impact of Long-Term exposure to air pollution on cognitive decline in older adults without dementia","volume":"86","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112895","article-title":"Exposure to air pollution and risk of incident dementia in the UK biobank","volume":"209","author":"Parra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.3121","article-title":"School bus rebate program and student educational performance test scores","volume":"7","author":"Pedde","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2019-105961","article-title":"Impact of depressive symptoms on worklife expectancy: a longitudinal study on danish employees","volume":"76","author":"Pedersen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116267","article-title":"Peripheral (lung-to-brain) exposure to diesel particulate matter induces oxidative stress and increased markers for systemic inflammation","volume":"231","author":"Pradhan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117183","article-title":"The role of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation in chronic noise-induced impairment of learning and memory ability","volume":"286","author":"Ren","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12654","article-title":"Air pollution and dementia in older adults in the ginkgo evaluation of memory study","volume":"19","author":"Semmens","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87001","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP9018","article-title":"Fine particulate matter and dementia incidence in the adult changes in thought study","volume":"129","author":"Shaffer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib37","series-title":"WAIS manual - third edition","author":"Wechsler","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.4103\/1463-1741.134917","article-title":"Understanding noise stress-induced cognitive impairment in healthy adults and its implications for schizophrenia","volume":"16","author":"Wright","year":"2014","journal-title":"Noise Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-024-01571-z","article-title":"Medial temporal lobe atrophy patterns in early-versus late-onset amnestic alzheimer's disease","volume":"16","author":"Wuestefeld","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.118314","article-title":"Relationship of solid fuels use with cognitive function and efficacy of switching to cleaner fuels or using ventilation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"249","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2015.08.009","article-title":"In utero exposure of mice to diesel exhaust particles affects spatial learning and memory with reduced N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor expression in the hippocampus of Male offspring","volume":"50","author":"Yokota","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000546","article-title":"Fine-particulate air pollution from diesel emission control and mortality rates in Tokyo: a Quasi-experimental study","volume":"27","author":"Yorifuji","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2019.01.010","article-title":"Time-course effects of antioxidants and phase II enzymes on diesel exhaust particles-induced oxidative damage in the mouse lung","volume":"366","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3911","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-30644-6","article-title":"Association of smoking and osteoarthritis in US (NHANES 1999-2018)","volume":"13","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["NeuroToxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161813X25001421?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161813X25001421?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T08:50:59Z","timestamp":1781167859000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0161813X25001421"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S0161813X25001421"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-813X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-813X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Long-term occupational exhaust fumes exposure and delayed cognitive impairment in older adults: A cross-sectional study in U.S","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"NeuroToxicology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.103336","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103336"}}