{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:26:01Z","timestamp":1792081561006,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]],"date-time":"2006-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1136073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurobiology of Aging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,15]],"date-time":"2005-02-15T17:07:53Z","timestamp":1108487273000},"page":"78-87","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Inhibition of hippocampal function in mild cognitive impairment: targeting the cholinergic hypothesis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Gr\u00f6n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Brandenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.P.","family":"Wunderlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.W.","family":"Riepe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)90965-1","article-title":"A new definition of Alzheimer's disease: a hippocampal dementia","volume":"1","author":"Ball","year":"1985","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02189115","article-title":"Correlations between mental state and quantitative neuropathology in the Vienna Longitudinal Study on Dementia","volume":"246","author":"Bancher","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(00)00180-9","article-title":"Chronic treatment of old rats with donepezil or galantamine: effects on memory, hippocampal plasticity and nicotinic receptors","volume":"99","author":"Barnes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7046051","article-title":"The cholinergic hypothesis of geriatric memory dysfunction","volume":"217","author":"Bartus","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1997.0130","article-title":"Parietal and hippocampal contribution to topokinetic and topographic memory","volume":"352","author":"Berthoz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc London B: Biol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)08256-6","article-title":"Progression to dementia in patients with isolated memory loss","volume":"349","author":"Bowen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)92081-8","article-title":"Normal ageing, impaired cognitive function, and senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type: a continuum?","volume":"1","author":"Brayne","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6219","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-19-06219.1996","article-title":"Functional anatomic studies of memory retrieval for auditory words and visual pictures","volume":"16","author":"Buckner","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11920-9","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment in older people","volume":"360","author":"Burns","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1038\/6374","article-title":"Impaired synaptic plasticity and learning in aged amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice","volume":"2","author":"Chapman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg196","article-title":"Dissociating atrophy and hypometabolism impact on episodic memory in mild cognitive impairment","volume":"126","author":"Chetelat","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib12","series-title":"Human memory and the medial temporal region of the brain","author":"Corsi","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-200303000-00004","article-title":"Use of cholinesterase inhibitors in clinical practice: evidence-based recommendations","volume":"11","author":"Cummings","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1080\/03610738308258454","article-title":"Improvement of 8-arm maze performance in aged Fischer 344 rats with 3,4-diaminopyridine","volume":"9","author":"Davis","year":"1983","journal-title":"Exp Aging Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10069","article-title":"Upregulation of choline acetyltransferase activity in hippocampus and frontal cortex of elderly subjects with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"51","author":"DeKosky","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1080\/13854049108403299","article-title":"Alternate form of the California Verbal Learning Test: development and reliability","volume":"5","author":"Delis","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Neuropsychologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0359","article-title":"The functional neuroanatomy of episodic memory: the role of the frontal lobes, the hippocampal formation, and other areas","volume":"8","author":"Desgranges","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.4.1794","article-title":"Task-related and item-related brain processes of memory retrieval","volume":"96","author":"Duzel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.48.1.649","article-title":"Central cholinergic systems and cognition","volume":"48","author":"Everitt","year":"1997","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(92)90003-G","article-title":"Progressive decline in spatial learning and integrity of forebrain cholinergic neurons in rats during aging","volume":"13","author":"Fischer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(84)90003-4","article-title":"Effects of aging and dementia upon recent visuospatial memory","volume":"5","author":"Flicker","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.01.005","article-title":"Neural correlates of context memory with real-world events","volume":"21","author":"Fujii","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(90)90111-C","article-title":"Markers for biogenic amines in the aged rat brain: relationship to decline in spatial learning ability","volume":"11","author":"Gallagher","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10157","article-title":"Subjective memory complaints: objective neural markers in patients with Alzheimer's disease and major depressive disorder","volume":"51","author":"Gron","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.42901","article-title":"Hippocampal activations during repetitive learning and recall of geometric patterns","volume":"8","author":"Gron","year":"2001","journal-title":"Learn Mem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(02)00128-8","article-title":"Variability in memory performance in aged healthy individuals: an fMRI study","volume":"24","author":"Gron","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1038\/73980","article-title":"Brain activation during human navigation: gender-different neural networks as substrate of performance","volume":"3","author":"Gron","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410200406","article-title":"Perforant pathway changes and the memory impairment of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"20","author":"Hyman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6474172","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease: cell-specific pathology isolates the hippocampal formation","volume":"225","author":"Hyman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(99)00203-4","article-title":"Characterization of learning and memory behaviors and the effects of metrifonate in the C57BL strain of mice","volume":"372","author":"Ikonen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2003-5106","article-title":"Cholinergic plasticity in hippocampus of individuals with mild cognitive impairment: correlation with Alzheimer's neuropathology","volume":"5","author":"Ikonomovic","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Alzheimer's Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(96)00213-2","article-title":"Nicotinic, muscarinic and dopaminergic actions in the ventral hippocampus and the nucleus accumbens: effects on spatial working memory in rats","volume":"725","author":"Kim","year":"1996","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.9.1143","article-title":"Practice parameter: diagnosis of dementia (an evidence-based review). Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology","volume":"56","author":"Knopman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib34","series-title":"Neuropsychological assessment","author":"Lezak","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.1109","article-title":"Cholinergic system regulation of spatial representation by the hippocampus","volume":"12","author":"Lkonen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1126\/science.280.5365.921","article-title":"Knowing where and getting there: a human navigation network","volume":"280","author":"Maguire","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg157","article-title":"Aging affects the engagement of the hippocampus during autobiographical memory retrieval","volume":"126","author":"Maguire","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1063(1999)9:1<54::AID-HIPO6>3.0.CO;2-O","article-title":"Differential modulation of a common memory retrieval network revealed by positron emission tomography","volume":"9","author":"Maguire","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(65)90005-9","article-title":"Visually-guided maze learning in man: effects of bilateral hippocampal, bilateral frontal, and unilateral cerebral lesions","volume":"3","author":"Milner","year":"1965","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410420114","article-title":"Metabolic reduction in the posterior cingulate cortex in very early Alzheimer's disease","volume":"42","author":"Minoshima","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02999.x","article-title":"Retrosplenial cortex (BA 29\/30) hypometabolism in mild cognitive impairment (prodromal Alzheimer's disease)","volume":"18","author":"Nestor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(93)90107-M","article-title":"Anticholinergic sensitivity in the aging rat septohippocampal system as assessed in a spatial memory task","volume":"14","author":"Nilsson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.12.1985","article-title":"Current concepts in mild cognitive impairment","volume":"58","author":"Petersen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.56.3.303","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment: clinical characterization and outcome","volume":"56","author":"Petersen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.73.6.665","article-title":"Alterations in brain activation during cholinergic enhancement with rivastigmine in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"73","author":"Rombouts","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10308","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment and the cholinergic hypothesis: a very different take on recent data","volume":"52","author":"Sarter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib47","unstructured":"Schmidt KH, Metzler P. WST \u2013 Wortschatztest. Weinheim: Beltz; 1992."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.08-06-01863.1988","article-title":"Contributions of cingulate cortex to two forms of spatial learning and memory","volume":"8","author":"Sutherland","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02245921","article-title":"Effects of different doses of galantamine, a long-acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, on memory in mice","volume":"102","author":"Sweeney","year":"1990","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(88)90325-5","article-title":"A long-acting cholinesterase inhibitor reverses spatial memory deficits in mice","volume":"31","author":"Sweeney","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(88)90325-5","article-title":"A long-acting cholinesterase inhibitor reverses spatial memory deficits in mice","volume":"31","author":"Sweeney","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410130504","article-title":"Oral physostigmine and lecithin improve memory in Alzheimer disease","volume":"13","author":"Thal","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib53","unstructured":"Wechsler D. Wechsler memory scale, revised manual. San Antonio, TX: 1987."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(00)00312-0","article-title":"Deficits in allothetic and idiothetic spatial behavior in rats with posterior cingulate cortex lesions","volume":"118","author":"Whishaw","year":"2001","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1038\/16564","article-title":"The global record of memory in hippocampal neuronal activity","volume":"397","author":"Wood","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)00071-4","article-title":"Hippocampal neurons encode information about different types of memory episodes occurring in the same location","volume":"27","author":"Wood","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005_bib57","unstructured":"Zimmermann P, Frimm B. (Eds.). Testbatterie zur Aufmerksamkeitspr\u00fcfung. TAP (V. 1.02). Psytest Verlag, W\u00fcrselen; 1994."}],"container-title":["Neurobiology of Aging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0197458005000060?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0197458005000060?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,28]],"date-time":"2019-01-28T17:55:13Z","timestamp":1548698113000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0197458005000060"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0197458005000060"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0197-4580"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0197-4580","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]}}}