{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T22:39:27Z","timestamp":1791153567725,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]],"date-time":"2006-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1157068800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurobiology of Aging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,28]],"date-time":"2005-07-28T21:24:29Z","timestamp":1122585869000},"page":"1298-1307","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":126,"title":["Differences in the early inflammatory responses to toxin-induced demyelination are associated with the age-related decline in CNS remyelination"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Chao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Wu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin J.M.","family":"Franklin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.1.427","article-title":"The protective role of nitric oxide in a neurotoxicant-induced demyelinating model","volume":"168","author":"Arnett","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1038\/nn738","article-title":"TNFa promotes proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitors and remyelination","volume":"4","author":"Arnett","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9824","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-30-09824.2003","article-title":"Functional genomic analysis of remyelination reveals importance of inflammation in oligodendrocyte regeneration","volume":"23","author":"Arnett","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1038\/321610a0","article-title":"Stimulation of oligodendroglial proliferation and maturation by interleukin-2","volume":"321","author":"Benveniste","year":"1986","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10578","article-title":"Efficient central nervous system remyelination requires T cells","volume":"53","author":"Bieber","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa010994","article-title":"Premyelinating oligodendrocytes in chronic lesions of multiple sclerosis","volume":"346","author":"Chang","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/62.9.908","article-title":"Decline in rate of colonization of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC)-depleted tissue by adult OPCs with age","volume":"62","author":"Chari","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.10411","article-title":"Growth factor treatment promotes mobilization of young but not aged adult subventricular zone precursors in response to demyelination","volume":"69","author":"Decker","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2004.06.015","article-title":"Increased expression of Nkx2.2 and Olig2 identifies reactive oligodendrocyte progenitor cells responding to demyelination in the adult CNS","volume":"27","author":"Fancy SPJ","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-201x.1999.00535.x","article-title":"Effects of age, sex and physical exercise on the phagocytic process of murine peritoneal macrophages","volume":"166","author":"Ferrandez","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib11","first-page":"173","article-title":"Remyelination by endogenous glia","volume":"vol. 1","author":"Franklin","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200205240-00001","article-title":"Ageing and CNS remyelination","volume":"13","author":"Franklin RJM","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.1993.tb00424.x","article-title":"Failure of remyelination in areas of demyelination produced in the spinal cord of old rats","volume":"19","author":"Gilson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neuropath Appl Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.1986.tb00162.x","article-title":"Delayed remyelination in the rat spinal cord following ethidium bromide injection","volume":"12","author":"Graca","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neuropath Appl Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1006\/mcne.1999.0771","article-title":"Distinctive patterns of PDGF-A, FGF-2, IGF-I and TGF-beta1 gene expression during remyelination of experimentally-induced spinal cord demyelination","volume":"14","author":"Hinks","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1006\/mcne.2000.0897","article-title":"Delayed changes in growth factor gene expression during slow remyelination in the CNS of aged rats","volume":"16","author":"Hinks","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.1085","article-title":"Macrophage depletion impairs oligodendrocyte remyelination following lysolecithin-induced demyelination","volume":"35","author":"Kotter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2004.09.019","article-title":"Macrophage-depletion induced impairment of experimental CNS remyelination is associated with a reduced oligodendrocyte progenitor cell response and altered growth factor expression","volume":"18","author":"Kotter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.01.009","article-title":"Inflammatory mediators in the elderly","volume":"39","author":"Krabbe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(01)00404-0","article-title":"Enhanced glial activation and expression of specific CNS inflammation-related molecules in aged versus young rats following cortical stab injury","volume":"119","author":"Kyrkanides","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1177\/135245859700300213","article-title":"Remyelination in multiple sclerosis","volume":"3","author":"Lassmann","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2004.08.011","article-title":"Minocycline-mediated inhibition of microglia activation impairs oligodendrocyte progenitor cell responses and remyelination in a non-immune model of demyelination","volume":"158","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib23","first-page":"382","article-title":"Chronic demyelination inhibits remyelination in the central nervous system","volume":"43","author":"Ludwin","year":"1980","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7046","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-18-07046.2001","article-title":"Interleukin-1beta promotes repair of the CNS","volume":"21","author":"Mason","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(02)00205-9","article-title":"Peripheral macrophage recruitment in cuprizone-induced CNS demyelination despite an intact blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"130","author":"McMahon","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(96)10047-3","article-title":"Cytokines in inflammatory brain lesions: helpful and harmful","volume":"19","author":"Merrill","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4547(20001015)62:2<241::AID-JNR9>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and FGF receptor expression in an experimental demyelinating disease with extensive remyelination","volume":"62","author":"Messersmith","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1136(200003)30:1<92::AID-GLIA10>3.0.CO;2-W","article-title":"Lysophosphatidylcholine induces rapid recruitment and activation of macrophages in the adult mouse spinal cord","volume":"30","author":"Ousman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4649","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-13-04649.2001","article-title":"MIP-1alpha, MCP-1, GM-CSF, and TNF-alpha control the immune cell response that mediates rapid phagocytosis of myelin from the adult mouse spinal cord","volume":"21","author":"Ousman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410330203","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis: remyelination of nascent lesions","volume":"33","author":"Prineas","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/116.3.681","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis: pathology of recurrent lesions","volume":"116","author":"Prineas","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4695(19981115)37:3<413::AID-NEU7>3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"In vivo proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitors expressing PDGF-alphaR during early remyelination","volume":"37","author":"Redwine","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10457","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-24-10457.1998","article-title":"The chemokine growth-regulated oncogene-a promotes spinal cord oligodendrocyte precursor proliferation","volume":"18","author":"Robinson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(97)00169-3","article-title":"Age-related activation of microglia and astrocytes: in vitro studies show persistent phenotypes of aging, increased proliferation, and resistance to down-regulation","volume":"19","author":"Rozovsky","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1136(199910)28:1<77::AID-GLIA9>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Remyelination occurs as extensively but more slowly in old rats compared to young rats following gliotoxin-induced CNS demyelination","volume":"28","author":"Shields","year":"1999","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2451","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-07-02451.2002","article-title":"The age-related decrease in CNS remyelination efficiency is attributable to an impairment of both oligodendrocyte progenitor recruitment and differentiation","volume":"22","author":"Sim","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(02)00102-3","article-title":"The role of nitric oxide in multiple sclerosis","volume":"1","author":"Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00838-3","article-title":"The chemokine receptor CXCR2 controls positioning of oligodendrocyte precursors in developing spinal cord by arresting their migration","volume":"110","author":"Tsai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1006\/mcne.2002.1127","article-title":"Interleukin-1 regulates proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells","volume":"20","author":"Vela","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2003.10.014","article-title":"Platelet-derived growth factor regulates oligodendrocyte progenitor numbers in adult CNS and their response following CNS demyelination","volume":"25","author":"Woodruff","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(98)00217-3","article-title":"Increased interleukin-6 expression by microglia from brain of aged mice","volume":"93","author":"Ye","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(01)00258-5","article-title":"Phenotypic and functional changes in glial cells as a function of age","volume":"23","author":"Yu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"}],"container-title":["Neurobiology of Aging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0197458005001831?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0197458005001831?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,9]],"date-time":"2019-03-09T10:51:04Z","timestamp":1552128664000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0197458005001831"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0197458005001831"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.06.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0197-4580"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0197-4580","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}}}