{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:41:29Z","timestamp":1791362489901,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000070","name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer's Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002565","name":"Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002565","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Araclon Biotech"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007742","name":"BioClinica, Inc.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007742","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006314","name":"Biogen Idec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006314","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Bristol-Myers Squibb Company"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003769","name":"Eisai","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc."},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004312","name":"Eli Lilly and Company","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"EuroImmun"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004337","name":"F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004337","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004328","name":"Genentech, Inc.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004328","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005062","name":"Fujirebio","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006775","name":"GE Healthcare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006775","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"IXICO Ltd."},{"name":"Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy Research & Development, LLC"},{"name":"Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC."},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007050","name":"Medpace","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004334","name":"Merck & Co., Inc.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004334","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Meso Scale Diagnostics, LLC."},{"name":"NeuroRx Research"},{"name":"Neurotrack Technologies"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008272","name":"Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Piramal Imaging"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011725","name":"Servier","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007141","name":"Synarc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008373","name":"Takeda Pharmaceutical Company","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008373","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["neurobiologyofaging.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurobiology of Aging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,29]],"date-time":"2015-05-29T05:17:38Z","timestamp":1432876658000},"page":"2447-2457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["White matter signal abnormality quality differentiates mild cognitive impairment that converts to Alzheimer's disease from nonconverters"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Emily R.","family":"Lindemer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Salat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric E.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khoa","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Fischl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas N.","family":"Greve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.67.1.66","article-title":"White matter lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in dementia with Lewy bodies, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, vascular dementia, and normal aging","volume":"67","author":"Barber","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Pt 5","key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu040","article-title":"Pathophysiology of white matter perfusion in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and vascular dementia","volume":"137","author":"Barker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000183615.07936.b6","article-title":"A new visual rating scale to assess strategic white matter hyperintensities within cholinergic pathways in dementia","volume":"36","author":"Bocti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib4","first-page":"283","article-title":"MR signal abnormalities in memory disorder and dementia","volume":"11","author":"Bowen","year":"1990","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2009.11.2\/ambrickman","article-title":"Structural neuroimaging in Alzheimer's disease: do white matter hyperintensities matter?","volume":"11","author":"Brickman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2012.1527","article-title":"Regional white matter hyperintensity volume, not hippocampal atrophy, predicts incident Alzheimer disease in the community","volume":"69","author":"Brickman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.11.006","article-title":"Reduction in cerebral blood flow in areas appearing as white matter hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"172","author":"Brickman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2010.09.021","article-title":"Early and late onset Alzheimer's disease patients have distinct patterns of white matter damage","volume":"33","author":"Canu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.284","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in white matter disease and cognition in the first year of the Alzheimer disease neuroimaging initiative","volume":"67","author":"Carmichael","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-006-0498-z","article-title":"Brain perfusion correlates of medial temporal lobe atrophy and white matter hyperintensities in mild cognitive impairment","volume":"254","author":"Caroli","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2011.08.047","article-title":"A Cellular Neural Network methodology for the automated segmentation of multiple sclerosis lesions","volume":"203","author":"Cerasa","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56733","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056733","article-title":"The relationship between cortical blood flow and sub-cortical white-matter health across the adult age span","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(97)00001-8","article-title":"Specific hippocampal volume reductions in individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"18","author":"Convit","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0395","article-title":"Cortical surface-based analysis. I. Segmentation and surface reconstruction","volume":"9","author":"Dale","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1993.5.2.162","article-title":"Improved localizadon of cortical activity by combining EEG and MEG with MRI cortical surface reconstruction: a linear approach","volume":"5","author":"Dale","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c3666","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c3666","article-title":"The clinical importance of white matter hyperintensities on brain magnetic resonance imaging: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"341","author":"Debette","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.60.2.158","article-title":"Comparison of positron emission tomography, cognition, and brain volume in Alzheimer's disease with and without severe abnormalities of white matter","volume":"60","author":"DeCarli","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.05.004","article-title":"Measures of brain morphology and infarction in the framingham heart study: establishing what is normal","volume":"26","author":"DeCarli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617709990257","article-title":"Heterogeneity in mild cognitive impairment: differences in neuropsychological profile and associated white matter lesion pathology","volume":"15","author":"Delano-Wood","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.70.1.9","article-title":"Prevalence of cerebral white matter lesions in elderly people: a population based magnetic resonance imaging study. The Rotterdam Scan Study","volume":"70","author":"De Leeuw","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(01)00271-8","article-title":"MRI-derived entorhinal and hippocampal atrophy in incipient and very mild Alzheimer's disease","volume":"22","author":"Dickerson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182a43e45","article-title":"Neuropathologic basis of white matter hyperintensity accumulation with advanced age","volume":"81","author":"Erten-Lyons","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11050","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.200033797","article-title":"Measuring the thickness of the human cerebral cortex from magnetic resonance images","volume":"97","author":"Fischl","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1109\/42.906426","article-title":"Automated manifold surgery: constructing geometrically accurate and topologically correct models of the human cerebral cortex","volume":"20","author":"Fischl","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00569-X","article-title":"Whole brain segmentation: automated labeling of neuroanatomical structures in the human brain","volume":"33","author":"Fischl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhg087","article-title":"Automatically parcellating the human cerebral cortex","volume":"14","author":"Fischl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0193(1999)8:4<272::AID-HBM10>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"High-resolution intersubject averaging and a coordinate system for the cortical surface","volume":"8","author":"Fischl","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.016","article-title":"Sequence-independent segmentation of magnetic resonance images","volume":"23","author":"Fischl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneuro0638","article-title":"The effect of white matter lesions on cognition in the elderly - small but detectable","volume":"3","author":"Frisoni","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Clin. Pract. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2012.09.004","article-title":"Review of automatic segmentation methods of multiple sclerosis white matter lesions on conventional magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"17","author":"Garc\u00eda-Lorenzo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Image Anal."},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib31","first-page":"584","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis lesion segmentation using an automatic multimodal graph cuts","volume":"12","author":"Garc\u00eda-Lorenzo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med. Image Comput. Comput. Assist. Interv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib30","series-title":"Combining Robust Expectation Maximization and Mean Shift Algorithms for Multiple Sclerosis Brain Segmentation","first-page":"82","author":"Garc\u00eda-lorenzo","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.10.1476","article-title":"Hippocampal volume as an index of Alzheimer neuropathology: findings from the Nun Study","volume":"58","author":"Gosche","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.204685","article-title":"Heterogeneity of small vessel disease: a systematic\u00a0review of MRI and histopathology correlations","volume":"82","author":"Gouw","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/0730-725X(96)00018-5","article-title":"Quantification of MRI lesion load in multiple sclerosis: a comparison of three computer-assisted techniques","volume":"14","author":"Grimaud","year":"1996","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2012.01.016","article-title":"White matter hyperintensities predict amyloid increase in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"33","author":"Grimmer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2011-130307","article-title":"Age-related cerebral white matter disease (leukoaraiosis): a review","volume":"88","author":"Grueter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000191403.95453.6a","article-title":"Plasma beta-amyloid and white matter lesions in AD, MCI, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy","volume":"66","author":"Gurol","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.02.051","article-title":"Reliability of MRI-derived measurements of human cerebral cortical thickness: the effects of field strength, scanner upgrade and manufacturer","volume":"32","author":"Han","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2011.06.027","article-title":"Distinctive disruption patterns of white matter tracts in Alzheimer's disease with full diffusion tensor characterization","volume":"33","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2009.01049.x","article-title":"Could changes in arterioles impede the perivascular drainage of interstitial fluid from the cerebral white matter in leukoaraiosis?","volume":"36","author":"Huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.10.008","article-title":"The pathobiology of vascular dementia","volume":"80","author":"Iadecola","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21049","article-title":"The Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative (ADNI): MRI methods","volume":"27","author":"Jack","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70291-0","article-title":"Tracking pathophysiological processes in Alzheimer's disease: an updated hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers","volume":"12","author":"Jack","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.7.1397","article-title":"Prediction of AD with MRI-based hippocampal volume in mild cognitive impairment","volume":"52","author":"Jack","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.09.046","article-title":"Reliability in multi-site structural MRI studies: effects of gradient non-linearity correction on phantom and human data","volume":"30","author":"Jovicich","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.498196","article-title":"Misclassified tissue volumes in Alzheimer disease patients with white matter hyperintensities: importance of lesion segmentation procedures for volumetric analysis","volume":"39","author":"Levy-Cooperman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib48","first-page":"49","article-title":"On the generalised distance in statistics","volume":"2","author":"Mahalanobis","year":"1936","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Inst. Sci. India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3146","article-title":"FLAIR and diffusion MRI signals are independent predictors of white matter hyperintensities","volume":"34","author":"Maillard","year":"2013","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-007-0312-3","article-title":"An automated procedure for the assessment of white matter hyperintensities by multispectral (T1, T2, PD) MRI and an evaluation of its between-centre reproducibility based on two large community databases","volume":"50","author":"Maillard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.004084","article-title":"White matter hyperintensities and their penumbra lie along a continuum of injury in the aging brain","volume":"45","author":"Maillard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib52","series-title":"MATLAB and Statistics Toolbox Release","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.03.026","article-title":"White matter changes in mild cognitive impairment and AD: a diffusion tensor imaging study","volume":"27","author":"Medina","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-011-0886-7","article-title":"Segmentation of multiple sclerosis lesions in MR images: a review","volume":"54","author":"Mortazavi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70104-6","article-title":"Cerebral small vessel disease: from pathogenesis and clinical characteristics to therapeutic challenges","volume":"9","author":"Pantoni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.65.6.790","article-title":"Microbleed topography, leukoaraiosis, and cognition in probable Alzheimer disease from the Sunnybrook dementia study","volume":"65","author":"Pettersen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20978","article-title":"Assessment of white matter tract damage in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"31","author":"Pievani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.10.1531","article-title":"Cerebral white matter lesions and the risk of dementia","volume":"61","author":"Prins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.07.020","article-title":"Highly accurate inverse consistent registration: a robust approach","volume":"53","author":"Reuter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.02.084","article-title":"Within-subject template estimation for unbiased longitudinal image analysis","volume":"61","author":"Reuter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp007","article-title":"MRI of hippocampal volume loss in early Alzheimer's disease in relation to ApoE genotype and biomarkers","volume":"132","author":"Schuff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02498-6_20","article-title":"Fully-automated white matter hyperintensity detection with anatomical prior knowledge and without FLAIR","volume":"21","author":"Schwarz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inf. Process. Med. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/115.3.735","article-title":"White matter lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease. Evidence for heterogeneity","volume":"115","author":"Sheltens","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.20573","article-title":"Hippocampal volume and asymmetry in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: meta-analyses of MRI studies","volume":"19","author":"Shi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182661f2b","article-title":"Trajectory of white matter hyperintensity burden preceding mild cognitive impairment","volume":"79","author":"Silbert","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2007.23","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging white matter hyperintensities and brain volume in the prediction of mild cognitive impairment and dementia","volume":"65","author":"Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib67","first-page":"1964","article-title":"Not all age-related white matter hyperintensities are the same: a magnetization transfer imaging study","volume":"27","author":"Spilt","year":"2006","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib68","first-page":"115","article-title":"Tissue segmentation of the brain in Alzheimer disease","volume":"18","author":"Tanabe","year":"1997","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.172072","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier permeability is increased in normal appearing white matter in patients with lacunar stroke and leukoaraiosis","volume":"81","author":"Topakian","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.667","article-title":"Predicting aggressive decline in mild cognitive impairment: the importance of white matter hyperintensities","volume":"71","author":"Tosto","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000130530.55104.B5","article-title":"White matter lesions impair frontal lobe function regardless of their location","volume":"63","author":"Tullberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.158881","article-title":"White matter hyperintensities and medial temporal lobe atrophy in clinical subtypes of mild cognitive impairment: the DESCRIPA study","volume":"80","author":"Van de Pol","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000202585.26325.74","article-title":"Impact of white matter hyperintensities scoring method on correlations with clinical data: the LADIS study","volume":"37","author":"Van Straaten","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.005165","article-title":"Shades of white: separating degrees of injury in the aging brain","volume":"45","author":"Viswanathan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70124-8","article-title":"Neuroimaging standards for research into small vessel disease and its contribution to ageing and neurodegeneration","volume":"12","author":"Wardlaw","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-1166(200009)15:9<803::AID-GPS190>3.0.CO;2-W","article-title":"Do white matter changes contribute to the subsequent development of dementia in patients with mild cognitive impairment? A longitudinal study","volume":"15","author":"Wolf","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000219625.77625.aa","article-title":"Voxel-based detection of white matter abnormalities in mild Alzheimer disease","volume":"66","author":"Xie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000249119.95747.1f","article-title":"Extent and distribution of white matter hyperintensities in normal aging, MCI, and AD","volume":"67","author":"Yoshita","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000319691.50117.54","article-title":"Neuropathologic correlates of white matter hyperintensities","volume":"71","author":"Young","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1109\/42.363096","article-title":"Morphometric analysis of white matter lesions in MR images: method and validation","volume":"13","author":"Zijdenbos","year":"1994","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"}],"container-title":["Neurobiology of Aging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0197458015002754?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0197458015002754?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T23:35:20Z","timestamp":1652139320000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0197458015002754"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0197458015002754"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0197-4580"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0197-4580","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"White matter signal abnormality quality differentiates mild cognitive impairment that converts to Alzheimer's disease from nonconverters","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neurobiology of Aging","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}