{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T16:30:51Z","timestamp":1792859451927,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001061","name":"Rebecca L. Cooper Medical Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008718","name":"Judith Jane Mason and Harold Stannett Williams Memorial Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008718","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurobiology of Aging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,4]],"date-time":"2019-07-04T19:40:32Z","timestamp":1562269232000},"page":"88-101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The neuritic plaque in Alzheimer's disease: perivascular degeneration of neuronal processes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Gurpreet Kaur","family":"Hansra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glib","family":"Popov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia O.","family":"Banaczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Vogiatzis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thuvarahan","family":"Jegathees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire S.","family":"Goldsbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6651-1418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen M.","family":"Cullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.3.631","article-title":"Neurofibrillary tangles but not senile plaques parallel duration and severity of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"42","author":"Arriagada","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09613","article-title":"Glial and neuronal control of brain blood flow","volume":"468","author":"Attwell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(03)00206-6","article-title":"Cerebrovascular requirement for sealant, anti-coagulant and remodeling molecules that allow for the maintenance of vascular integrity and blood supply","volume":"43","author":"Atwood","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(93)90590-H","article-title":"Neuropathological staging of Alzheimer lesions and intellectual status in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease patients","volume":"162","author":"Bancher","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000264502.92649.ab","article-title":"Neurovascular unit dysfunction: a vascular component of Alzheimer disease?","volume":"68","author":"Benarroch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-015-0186-2","article-title":"Tau depletion prevents progressive blood-brain barrier damage in a mouse model of tauopathy","volume":"3","author":"Blair","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.1988.tb00864.x","article-title":"Neuropil threads occur in dendrites of tangle-bearing nerve cells","volume":"14","author":"Braak","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00308809","article-title":"Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes","volume":"82","author":"Braak","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib9","first-page":"167","article-title":"Risk factors for vascular disease and dementia","volume":"28","author":"Breteler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Haemostasis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(99)00110-4","article-title":"Vascular risk factors for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: an epidemiologic perspective","volume":"21","author":"Breteler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06348.x","article-title":"Cerebrovascular pathology in Alzheimer's disease and leukoaraiosis","volume":"903","author":"Brown","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00294173","article-title":"Pathological alterations of the cerebral microvasculature in Alzheimer's disease and related dementing disorders","volume":"87","author":"Buee","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020718718550","article-title":"Brain iron uptake and homeostatic mechanisms: an overview","volume":"16","author":"Burdo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biometals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2008.05.001","article-title":"Therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease based on the metal hypothesis","volume":"5","author":"Bush","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S63337","article-title":"Altered diastolic function and aortic stiffness in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"9","author":"Calik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Interv. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s40292-015-0108-1","article-title":"Pathophysiological links among hypertension and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"23","author":"Carnevale","year":"2016","journal-title":"High Blood Press. Cardiovasc. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1010","article-title":"The role of iron as a mediator of oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease","volume":"38","author":"Castellani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biofactors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(02)00284-8","article-title":"A\u00a0three-dimensional study of brain string vessels using celloidin sections stained with anti-collagen antibodies","volume":"203-204","author":"Challa","year":"2002","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(93)90099-K","article-title":"Sequential neuronal and astrocytic changes after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat","volume":"118","author":"Chen","year":"1993","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1995.2103","article-title":"Platelets are the primary source of amyloid beta-peptide in human blood","volume":"213","author":"Chen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63303-2","article-title":"Long-term accumulation of amyloid-beta, beta-secretase, presenilin-1, and caspase-3 in damaged axons following brain trauma","volume":"165","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4351","article-title":"Cerebral microbleeds, CSF p-tau, and cognitive decline: significance of anatomic distribution","volume":"36","author":"Chiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490310111","article-title":"A\u00a0histochemical study of iron, transferrin, and ferritin in Alzheimer's diseased brains","volume":"31","author":"Connor","year":"1992","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2012-120820","article-title":"Fibrinogen and altered hemostasis in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"32","author":"Cortes-Canteli","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9812178","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9812178","article-title":"Metals and neuronal metal binding proteins implicated in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"2016","author":"Cristovao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199705260-00033","article-title":"Perivascular astrocytes within Alzheimer's disease plaques","volume":"8","author":"Cullen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(96)00569-6","article-title":"Cell loss in the nucleus basalis is related to regional cortical atrophy in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"78","author":"Cullen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600155","article-title":"Pericapillary haem-rich deposits: evidence for microhaemorrhages in aging human cerebral cortex","volume":"25","author":"Cullen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.10.016","article-title":"Microvascular pathology in the aging human brain: evidence that senile plaques are sites of microhaemorrhages","volume":"27","author":"Cullen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-014-0130-5","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk factors and future risk of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"12","author":"de Bruijn","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00659-9","article-title":"Cerebral hypoperfusion yields capillary damage in the hippocampal CA1 area that correlates with spatial memory impairment","volume":"91","author":"De Jong","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05572.x","article-title":"Impaired cerebromicrovascular perfusion: summary of evidence in support of its causality in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"924","author":"De La Torre","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1179\/016164106X130362","article-title":"How do heart disease and stroke become risk factors for Alzheimer's disease?","volume":"28","author":"de la Torre","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00735024","article-title":"Observation of morphological relationships between angiopathic blood vessels and degenerative neurites in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"411","author":"Delacourte","year":"1987","journal-title":"Virchows Arch. A. Pathol. Anat. Histopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(00)00122-6","article-title":"Are Alzheimer\u2019s disease, hypertension and cerebrocapillary damage related?","volume":"21","author":"Farkas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2013-1275","article-title":"The link between cardiovascular risk, Alzheimer's disease, and mild cognitive impairment: support from recent functional neuroimaging studies","volume":"36","author":"Ferreira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Braz. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-180173","article-title":"A\u00a0study of amyloid-beta and phosphotau in plaques and neurons in the Hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease patients","volume":"64","author":"Furcila","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2016-000042","article-title":"Brain iron overload following intracranial haemorrhage","volume":"1","author":"Garton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stroke Vasc. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2002-4311","article-title":"The cerebromicrovasculature: a key player in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"4","author":"Grammas","year":"2002","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2382","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.548974","article-title":"Microbleeds versus macrobleeds: evidence for distinct entities","volume":"40","author":"Greenberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2005.00655.x","article-title":"Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase and quinolinic acid Immunoreactivity in Alzheimer's disease hippocampus","volume":"31","author":"Guillemin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00954.2005","article-title":"Perivascular nerves and the regulation of cerebrovascular tone","volume":"100","author":"Hamel","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12045","article-title":"Regional differences in the morphological and functional effects of aging on cerebral basement membranes and perivascular drainage of amyloid-beta from the mouse brain","volume":"12","author":"Hawkes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-011-0801-7","article-title":"Perivascular drainage of solutes is impaired in the ageing mouse brain and in the presence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy","volume":"121","author":"Hawkes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36893","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036893","article-title":"Morphological and pathological evolution of the brain microcirculation in aging and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"7","author":"Hunter","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1007\/s007020200068","article-title":"Alzheimer disease and cerebrovascular pathology: an update","volume":"109","author":"Jellinger","year":"2002","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neural. Transm."},{"issue":"Suppl.2","key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1159\/000049150","article-title":"Small vessel disease and Alzheimer's dementia: pathological considerations","volume":"13","author":"Kalaria","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199502000-00018","article-title":"Differential degeneration of the cerebral microvasculature in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"6","author":"Kalaria","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410230617","article-title":"Neurofibrillary tangle formation in the nucleus basalis of Meynert ipsilateral to a massive cerebral infarct","volume":"23","author":"Kato","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib50","first-page":"1663","article-title":"Physical damage to rat cortical axons mimics early Alzheimer's neuronal pathology","volume":"8","author":"King","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(02)00429-X","article-title":"A\u00a0brief history of brain iron research","volume":"207","author":"Koeppen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(95)00215-N","article-title":"The cellular reactions to experimental intracerbral haemorrhage","volume":"134S","author":"Koeppen","year":"1995","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/61.12.1314","article-title":"Dementia epidemiology research: it is time to modify the focus of research","volume":"61","author":"Kuller","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Gerontol. A. Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)62995-1","article-title":"Dense-core plaques in Tg2576 and PSAPP mouse models of Alzheimer\u2019s disease are centered on vessel walls","volume":"167","author":"Kumar-Singh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-6374(01)00364-5","article-title":"Demonstrating the case that AD is a vascular disease: epidemiologic evidence","volume":"1","author":"Launer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S53","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.533075","article-title":"Diabetes: vascular or neurodegenerative: an epidemiologic perspective","volume":"40","author":"Launer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2011.02256.x","article-title":"The neurovascular unit in brain function and disease","volume":"203","author":"Lecrux","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2010.137","article-title":"Hemoglobin and iron handling in brain after subarachnoid hemorrhage and the effect of deferoxamine on early brain injury","volume":"30","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)00470-8","article-title":"Iron deposits in multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease brains","volume":"760","author":"LeVine","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10772","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.3599","article-title":"Experimental microembolism induces localized neuritic pathology in Guinea pig cerebrum","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4248","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.158980","article-title":"Iron promotes the toxicity of amyloid beta peptide by impeding its ordered aggregation","volume":"286","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00632","article-title":"Iron and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: from pathogenesis to therapeutic implications","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31302","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031302","article-title":"Trans-Synaptic spread of tau pathology in\u00a0vivo","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-015-1522-0","article-title":"Cerebrovascular disease in ageing and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"131","author":"Love","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.1997.tb00336.x","article-title":"Alois Alzheimer and Gaetano Perusini: should man divide what fate united?","volume":"4","author":"Macchi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3181a9d503","article-title":"Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in athletes: progressive tauopathy after repetitive head injury","volume":"68","author":"McKee","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05559.x","article-title":"A\u00a0plasticity-based theory of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"924","author":"Mesulam","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15603","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-16002-3","article-title":"Hyperspectral Raman imaging of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in brain tissue from Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients","volume":"7","author":"Michael","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.12.032","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier breakdown in the aging human hippocampus","volume":"85","author":"Montagne","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-004-0242-8","article-title":"Oxidative stress mechanisms and potential therapeutics in Alzheimer disease","volume":"112","author":"Moreira","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neural. Transm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib71","first-page":"1159","article-title":"The consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD). Part I. Clinical and neuropsychological assessment of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"39","author":"Morris","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0297-y","article-title":"Blood\u2013brain barrier breakdown is an early biomarker of human cognitive dysfunction","volume":"25","author":"Nation","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-02-01001.1995","article-title":"Delayed neuronal death in the CA1 pyramidal cell layer of the gerbil hippocampus following transient ischemia is apoptosis","volume":"15","author":"Nitatori","year":"1995","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1326-7-35","article-title":"Synergistic influence of phosphorylation and metal ions on tau oligomer formation and coaggregation with \u03b1-synuclein at the single molecule level","volume":"7","author":"N\u00fcbling","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e32832d2e6a","article-title":"Cortical microinfarcts in Alzheimer's disease and subcortical vascular dementia","volume":"20","author":"Okamoto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-011-0925-9","article-title":"Cerebral hypoperfusion accelerates cerebral amyloid angiopathy and promotes cortical microinfarcts","volume":"123","author":"Okamoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1994.42","article-title":"Relevance of interstitial glutamate to selective vulnerability in focal cerebral ischemia","volume":"14","author":"Osuga","year":"1994","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1006\/nbdi.1996.0022","article-title":"Rapid alterations in dendrite morphology during sublethal hypoxia or glutamate receptor acivation","volume":"3","author":"Park","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4318","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23428","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease pathology in the neocortex and hippocampus of the western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)","volume":"521","author":"Perez","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib80","first-page":"94","article-title":"Experimental model of neuropathological changes characteristic for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"35","author":"Pluta","year":"1997","journal-title":"Folia Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib81","series-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6344","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006344","article-title":"The excitotoxin quinolinic acid induces tau phosphorylation in human neurons","volume":"4","author":"Rahman","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2018.00276","article-title":"Untangling tau and iron: exploring the interaction between iron and tau in neurodegeneration","volume":"11","author":"Rao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2018.07.009","article-title":"Hypoxia promotes tau hyperphosphorylation with associated neuropathology in vascular dysfunction","volume":"126","author":"Raz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000095973.42032.44","article-title":"Circle of Willis Atherosclerosis is a risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"23","author":"Roher","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1718","article-title":"APP locus duplication causes autosomal dominant early-onset Alzheimer disease with cerebral amyloid angiopathy","volume":"38","author":"Rovelet-Lecrux","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20493","article-title":"Cerebral hypoperfusion and clinical onset of dementia: the Rotterdam Study","volume":"57","author":"Ruitenberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000239","article-title":"Interaction between cerebrovascular disease and Alzheimer pathology","volume":"29","author":"Saito","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-5748(01)00017-X","article-title":"Regulation of regional cerebral blood flow by cholinergic fibers originating in the basal forebrain","volume":"19","author":"Sato","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3109\/07853898909149194","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease as a capillary dementia","volume":"21","author":"Scheibel","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","article-title":"2012. Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schindelin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2003.09.009","article-title":"Spatial and temporal relationships between plaques and tangles in Alzheimer-pathology","volume":"25","author":"Sch\u00f6nheit","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1179\/016164103101201986","article-title":"Hypertension, hypertension-clustering factors and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"25","author":"Skoog","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9866","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.18.9866","article-title":"Iron accumulation in Alzheimer disease is a source of redox-generated free\u2009radicals","volume":"94","author":"Smith","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-011-0694-6","article-title":"Regulation of quinolinic acid neosynthesis in mouse, rat and human brain by iron and iron chelators in\u00a0vitro","volume":"119","author":"Stachowski","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neural. Transm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37681","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M301406200","article-title":"Rapid tau aggregation and delayed hippocampal neuronal death induced by persistent thrombin signaling","volume":"278","author":"Suo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv025","article-title":"Post-mortem assessment of hypoperfusion of cerebral cortex in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia","volume":"138","author":"Thomas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000129697.01779.0A","article-title":"The importance of neuritic plaques and tangles to the development and evolution of AD","volume":"62","author":"Tiraboschi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1097\/01.WCB.0000073905.87928.6D","article-title":"Heme and iron metabolism: role in cerebral hemorrhage","volume":"23","author":"Wagner","year":"2003","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2004.08.014","article-title":"Hemoglobin promotes Abeta oligomer formation and localizes in neurons and amyloid deposits","volume":"17","author":"Wu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(02)03268-7","article-title":"Oxidative brain injury from extravasated erythrocytes after intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"953","author":"Wu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1159\/000017104","article-title":"Progression of Alzheimer-related neuritic plaque pathology in the entorhinal region, perirhinal cortex and hippocampal formation","volume":"10","author":"Yilmazer-Hanke","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)02067-9","article-title":"Effects of hemoglobin and its breakdown products on synaptic transmission in rat hippocampal CA1 neurons","volume":"864","author":"Yip","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2005.02.001","article-title":"Neurovascular mechanisms of Alzheimer's neurodegeneration","volume":"28","author":"Zlokovic","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Neurobiology of Aging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0197458019301915?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0197458019301915?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T11:30:29Z","timestamp":1759318229000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0197458019301915"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"references-count":104,"alternative-id":["S0197458019301915"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0197-4580"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0197-4580","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The neuritic plaque in Alzheimer's disease: perivascular degeneration of neuronal processes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neurobiology of Aging","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown Copyright \u00a9 2019 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}