{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T14:51:27Z","timestamp":1789829487897,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010969","name":"Alzheimer Nederland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WE.03-2017-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WE.03-2017-06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010969","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013258","name":"Hjartavernd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013258","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN271201200022C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN271201200022C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01-AG-12100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01-AG-12100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurobiology of Aging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]],"date-time":"2021-11-26T20:43:01Z","timestamp":1637959381000},"page":"14-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Depressive symptom profiles predict dementia onset and brain pathology in older persons. The AGES-Reykjavik study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8990-5396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lotte","family":"Gerritsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigurdur","family":"Sigurdsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Palmi V.","family":"Jonsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5696-0084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vilmundur","family":"Gudnason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lenore J.","family":"Launer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjam I.","family":"Geerlings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0001","article-title":"Rating scale for age related brain changes","author":"Achten","year":"2000","journal-title":"Image Decisions MRI"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830220033006","article-title":"\u201cVascular depression\u201d hypothesis","volume":"54","author":"Alexopoulos","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1117","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2017.90","article-title":"Depression as a modifiable factor to decrease the risk of dementia","volume":"7","author":"Almeida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.8.1424","article-title":"Brain morphometric abnormalities in geriatric depression: long-term neurobiological effects of illness duration","volume":"159","author":"Bell-McGinty","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.07.152","article-title":"Systematic evaluation of the associations between environmental risk factors and dementia: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses","volume":"13","author":"Bellou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3181987730","article-title":"Depression, cognition, apolipoprotein e genotype: latent class approach to identifying subtype","volume":"17","author":"Bogner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2011.60","article-title":"Depression and risk of developing dementia","volume":"7","author":"Byers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-008853","article-title":"Dementia risk estimates associated with measures of depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Cherbuin","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurger.2015.07.010","article-title":"Depression and dementia. A review","volume":"6","author":"Cipriani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Geriatr. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2012.758231","article-title":"Usefulness of the Geriatric Depression Scale 15-item version among very old people with and without cognitive impairment","volume":"17","author":"Conradsson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aging Ment. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.07.006","article-title":"Circulating biosignatures of late-life depression (LLD): Towards a comprehensive, data-driven approach to understanding LLD pathophysiology","volume":"82","author":"Diniz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-142940","article-title":"Depressive symptoms and biomarkers of alzheimer's disease in cognitively normal older adults","volume":"46","author":"Donovan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714003055","article-title":"Depression, depressive symptoms, and rate of hippocampal atrophy in a longitudinal cohort of older men and women","volume":"45","author":"Elbejjani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2016.18","article-title":"The prevalence and incidence of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Fiest","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000308937.30473.d1","article-title":"History of depression, depressive symptoms, and medial temporal lobe atrophy and the risk of Alzheimer disease","volume":"70","author":"Geerlings","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.12.032","article-title":"Late-life depression, hippocampal volumes, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"82","author":"Geerlings","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000378","article-title":"Structural MRI correlates of apathy symptoms in older persons without dementia: AGES-Reykjavik Study","volume":"82","author":"Grool","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.08.024","article-title":"Lacunar infarcts in deep white matter are associated with higher and more fluctuating depressive symptoms during three years follow-up","volume":"73","author":"Grool","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e31819431ff","article-title":"Profiles of depressive symptoms in older adults diagnosed with major depression: latent cluster analysis","volume":"17","author":"Hybels","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70291-0","article-title":"Tracking pathophysiological processes in Alzheimer's disease: an updated hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers","volume":"12","author":"Jack","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2012.07.002","article-title":"Dynamic prediction of treatment response in late-life depression","volume":"22","author":"Joel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2011.03.001","article-title":"Psychosocial interventions for late-life major depression: evidence-based treatments, predictors of treatment outcomes, and moderators of treatment effects","volume":"34","author":"Kiosses","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2013.10.005","article-title":"Depressive symptoms, symptom dimensions, and white matter lesion volume in older adults: a longitudinal study","volume":"22","author":"Kirton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2030","article-title":"The MRI brain correlates of depressed mood, anhedonia, apathy, and anergia in older adults with and without cognitive impairment or dementia","volume":"23","author":"Lavretsky","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12860","article-title":"Longitudinal relationships among depressive symptoms, cortisol, and brain atrophy in the neocortex and the hippocampus","volume":"137","author":"Lebedeva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2824","article-title":"Latent class-derived subgroups of depressive symptoms in a community sample of older adults: the Cache County Study","volume":"27","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2004.08.003","article-title":"Stress hormones and human memory function across the lifespan","volume":"30","author":"Lupien","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48286.x","article-title":"Stress effects on morphology and function of the hippocampus","volume":"821","author":"McEwen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1177\/153331750201700607","article-title":"Depression and Alzheimer's disease: symptom or comorbidity?","volume":"17","author":"Moretti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00040","article-title":"Depressive Symptom Dimensions and Their Association with Hippocampal and Entorhinal Cortex Volumes in Community Dwelling Older Adults","volume":"10","author":"O'Shea","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0031","article-title":"Are apathy and depressive symptoms related to vascular white matter hyperintensities in severe late life depression?","author":"Oudega","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol"},{"issue":"Suppl 8","key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0032","first-page":"4","article-title":"The varied clinical presentations of major depressive disorder","volume":"68","author":"Rush","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2019.02.003","article-title":"The roles of apathy and depression in predicting alzheimer disease: A longitudinal analysis in older adults with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"27","author":"Ruthirakuhan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(97)00051-6","article-title":"Cluster analytic validation of the DSM melancholic depression. The threshold model: integration of quantitative and qualitative distinctions between unipolar depressive subtypes","volume":"71","author":"Schotte","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.024","article-title":"Brain tissue volumes in the general population of the elderly: the AGES-Reykjavik study","volume":"59","author":"Sigurdsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0036","unstructured":"Sobel Test 2021. SAGE Research Methods [WWW Document]. n.dURL https:\/\/methods.sagepub.com\/reference\/the-sage-encyclopedia-of-communication-research-methods\/i13518.xml. (accessed 7.16.21)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0037","series-title":"Encyclopedia of Gerontology and Population Aging","first-page":"1","article-title":"Geriatric Depression Scale","author":"Stone","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617717001011","article-title":"Symptom dimensions of depression and apathy and their relationship with cognition in parkinson's disease","volume":"24","author":"Szymkowicz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2018.1432030","article-title":"Associations between subclinical depressive symptoms and reduced brain volume in middle-aged to older adults","volume":"23","author":"Szymkowicz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Ment. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1157","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007095","article-title":"Apathy is associated with large-scale white matter network disruption in small vessel disease","volume":"92","author":"Tay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2013.20","article-title":"The vascular depression hypothesis: mechanisms linking vascular disease with depression","volume":"18","author":"Taylor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.03.003","article-title":"The use of latent class analysis for identifying subtypes of depression: A systematic review","volume":"266","author":"Ulbricht","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e82","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004767","article-title":"Apathy is associated with incident dementia in community-dwelling older people","volume":"90","author":"van Dalen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.23039","article-title":"Memory decline in elderly with cerebral small vessel disease explained by temporal interactions between white matter hyperintensities and hippocampal atrophy","volume":"29","author":"van Leijsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.11.1957","article-title":"Hippocampal volume and depression: a meta-analysis of MRI studies","volume":"161","author":"Videbech","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000028","article-title":"Depression in the elderly: brain correlates, neuropsychological findings, and role of vascular lesion load","volume":"26","author":"Vu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12600","article-title":"Depressive symptoms precede memory decline, but not vice versa, in non-demented older adults","volume":"62","author":"Zahodne","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."}],"container-title":["Neurobiology of Aging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0197458021003365?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0197458021003365?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T11:39:14Z","timestamp":1759318754000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0197458021003365"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S0197458021003365"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025","relation":{},"ISSN":["0197-4580"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0197-4580","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Depressive symptom profiles predict dementia onset and brain pathology in older persons. The AGES-Reykjavik study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neurobiology of Aging","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.025","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}