{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T12:01:34Z","timestamp":1790596894033,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurobiology of Aging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,23]],"date-time":"2022-10-23T19:19:23Z","timestamp":1666552763000},"page":"107-118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Activation changes induced by cognitive training are consistent with improved cognitive reserve in older adults with subjective cognitive decline"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1046-1818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvie","family":"Belleville","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5933-6567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samira","family":"Mellah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6184-1933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Boller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c9milie","family":"Ouellet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2008.10.005","article-title":"Interactions of cognitive reserve with regional brain anatomy and brain function during a working memory task in healthy elders","volume":"80","author":"Bartr\u00e9s-Faz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.5709\/acp-0156-3","article-title":"Proactive control of proactive interference using the method of loci","volume":"10","author":"Bass","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Cogn. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1007\/s13670-012-0014-5","article-title":"Biomarkers of cognitive training effects in aging","volume":"1","author":"Belleville","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Transl. Geriatr. Exp. Gerontol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr037","article-title":"Training-related brain plasticity in subjects at risk of developing Alzheimer's disease","volume":"134","author":"Belleville","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1159\/000096316","article-title":"Improvement of episodic memory in persons with mild cognitive impairment and healthy older adults: evidence from a cognitive intervention program","volume":"22","author":"Belleville","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15192","article-title":"MEMO+: efficacy, durability and effect of cognitive training and psychosocial intervention in individuals with mild cognitive impairment","author":"Belleville","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0007","first-page":"787","article-title":"The Consortium for the early identification of Alzheimer's disease\u2013Quebec (CIMA-Q)","volume":"11","author":"Belleville","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Dement. Diagnosis, Assess. Dis. Monit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102526","article-title":"Neural correlates of resilience to the effects of hippocampal atrophy on memory","volume":"29","author":"Belleville","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroImage. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102710","article-title":"The pattern and loci of training-induced brain changes in healthy older adults are predicted by the nature of the intervention","volume":"9","author":"Belleville","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-016-9621-7","article-title":"Relationships between years of education, regional grey matter volumes, and working memory-related brain activity in healthy older adults","volume":"11","author":"Boller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.627242","article-title":"Using virtual reality to assess and promote transfer of memory training in older adults with memory complaints: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Boller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0012","series-title":"[abstract] Present. 8th Int. Conf. Funct. Mapp. Hum. Brain, June 2-6, Sendai, Japan","article-title":"Region of interest analysis using an SPM toolbox","volume":"16","author":"Brett","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-018-0068-2","article-title":"Maintenance, reserve and compensation: the cognitive neuroscience of healthy ageing","volume":"19","author":"Cabeza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","article-title":"A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation","volume":"40","author":"Charlson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Chronic Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721411434977","article-title":"The brain's learning and control architecture","volume":"21","author":"Chein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317516653826","article-title":"Cognitive reserve in healthy aging and alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis of fMRI studies","volume":"31","author":"Colangeli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Alzheimers. Dis. Other Demen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1988.67.2.415","article-title":"Does the repeated use of loci create interference?","volume":"67","author":"De Beni","year":"1988","journal-title":"Percept. Mot. Skills"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-019-00080-0","article-title":"Functional brain changes associated with cognitive training in healthy older adults: a preliminary ALE meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Duda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.13.4.597","article-title":"Aging and deficits in associative memory: what is the role of strategy production?","volume":"13","author":"Dunlosky","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(04)00767-7","article-title":"An active and socially integrated lifestyle in late life might protect against dementia","author":"Fratiglioni","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S152","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wad.0000213873.25053.2b","article-title":"ADCS prevention instrument project: assessment of instrumental activities of daily living for community-dwelling elderly individuals in dementia prevention clinical trials","volume":"20","author":"Galasko","year":"2006","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.03.029","article-title":"Fast and accurate modelling of longitudinal and repeated measures neuroimaging data","volume":"94","author":"Guillaume","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1975.00490510088009","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow in dementia","author":"Hachinski","year":"1975","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.22006","article-title":"Mnemonic strategy training partially restores hippocampal activity in patients with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"22","author":"Hampstead","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30368-0","article-title":"The characterisation of subjective cognitive decline","volume":"19","author":"Jessen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.01.001","article-title":"A conceptual framework for research on subjective cognitive decline in preclinical Alzheimer's disease","volume":"10","author":"Jessen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alzheimers. Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0027","series-title":"Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger","article-title":"Boston Naming Test","author":"Kaplan","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M940","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/59.9.M940","article-title":"Environmental influences on cognitive and brain plasticity during aging","volume":"59","author":"Kramer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A. Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.1.2.95","article-title":"Chronometric analysis of the method of loci","volume":"1","author":"Lea","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0030","unstructured":"Macmillan, N., 1993. Signal detection theory as data analysis method and psychological decision model."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1080\/09658210544000042","article-title":"The role of proactive interference in mnemonic techniques","volume":"14","author":"Massen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Memory"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0032","first-page":"121","article-title":"[Inhibitory process: what evolution after the age of 50?]","volume":"7","author":"Moroni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol. Neuropsychiatr. Vieil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x","article-title":"The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: A brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment","author":"Nasreddine","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0034","first-page":"15","article-title":"Training gains and transfer effects after mnemonic strategy training in mild cognitive impairment: a fMRI study","volume":"154","author":"Simon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol. Off. J. Int. Organ. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.13.1.21","article-title":"Age differences in context integration in memory","volume":"13","author":"Smith","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.117.1.34","article-title":"Pragmatics of measuring recognition memory: applications to dementia and amnesia","volume":"117","author":"Snodgrass","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Gen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03207704","article-title":"Calculation of signal detection theory measures","volume":"31","author":"Stanislaw","year":"1999","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods, Instruments, Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2011.09.012","article-title":"Exploring the neural basis of cognitive reserve in aging","volume":"1822","author":"Steffener","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2009.03.004","article-title":"Cognitive reserve","author":"Stern","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0040","article-title":"Whitepaper: defining and investigating cognitive reserve, brain reserve, and brain maintenance","author":"Stern","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Dement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.07.219","article-title":"Whitepaper: defining and investigating cognitive reserve, brain reserve, and brain maintenance","volume":"16","author":"Stern","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Dement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.05.033","article-title":"A task-invariant cognitive reserve network","volume":"178","author":"Stern","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acw029","article-title":"The victoria stroop test: normative data in Quebec-French adults and elderly","author":"Tremblay","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol. acw029."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1080\/138255890968187","article-title":"Aging and response inhibition: normative data for the victoria stroop test","volume":"13","author":"Troyer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychol. Dev. Cogn. Sect. B, Aging, Neuropsychol. Cogn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.2174\/156720511795745320","article-title":"Cognitive reserve in aging","volume":"8","author":"Tucker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-020-09440-w","article-title":"The effects of cognitive training on brain network activity and connectivity in aging and neurodegenerative diseases: a systematic review","volume":"30","author":"van Balkom","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0047","unstructured":"Van der Linden, M., Coyette, F., Poitrenaud, J., Kalafat, M., Calicis, F., Wyns, C., Adam, S., 2004. II. L\u2019\u00e9preuve de rappel libre\/rappel indic\u00e9 \u00e0 16 items (RL\/RI-16)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.11.1.164","article-title":"On the mechanisms of plasticity in young and older adults after instruction in the method of loci: evidence for an amplification model","volume":"11","author":"Verhaeghen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(82)90033-4","article-title":"Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report","author":"Yesavage","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."}],"container-title":["Neurobiology of Aging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0197458022002251?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0197458022002251?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T11:43:25Z","timestamp":1759319005000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0197458022002251"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S0197458022002251"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0197-4580"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0197-4580","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Activation changes induced by cognitive training are consistent with improved cognitive reserve in older adults with subjective cognitive decline","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neurobiology of Aging","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}