{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T13:24:07Z","timestamp":1792157047468,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"UK Research and Innovation Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000320","name":"Alzheimer's Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000320","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurobiology of Aging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T16:33:19Z","timestamp":1782491599000},"page":"155-167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Systemic infections alter cortical transcriptional signatures in Alzheimer\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"167","author":[{"given":"Giulia","family":"Pegoraro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lachlan F.","family":"MacBean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam R.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darren M.","family":"Soanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca G.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Imm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morteza","family":"Kouhsar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentin","family":"Laroche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Weymouth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Castanho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Winston","family":"Hide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debra J.","family":"Lett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew C.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Woodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"McDade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delphine","family":"Boche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehsan","family":"Pishva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7570-6065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katie","family":"Lunnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2023.01.001","article-title":"Sex differences in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"41","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurol. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(00)00124-X","article-title":"Inflammation and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"21","author":"Akiyama","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-019-0489-5","article-title":"Astrocytes infected with Chlamydia pneumoniae demonstrate altered expression and activity of secretases involved in the generation of \u03b2-amyloid found in Alzheimer disease","volume":"20","author":"Al-Atrache","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alhendi, A., 2019. countToFPKM: Convert Counts to Fragments per Kilobase of Transcript per Million (FPKM).\u3008https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=countToFPKM\u3009.","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.countToFPKM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-132681","article-title":"Fungal Infection in Patients with Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"41","author":"Alonso","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019S. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib6","series-title":"FastQC: A Quality Control Tool for High Throughput Sequence Data","author":"Andrews","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-025-00529-5","article-title":"Systemic inflammation as a central player in the initiation and development of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"22","author":"Bayraktaroglu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Immun. Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-007-0252-3","article-title":"Detection of amyloid beta aggregates in the brain of BALB\/c mice after Chlamydia pneumoniae infection","volume":"114","author":"Boelen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. (Berl. )"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2008.02503.x","article-title":"Cause of death in patients with dementia disorders","volume":"16","author":"Brunnstr\u00f6m","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2013.06.024","article-title":"Herpes virus in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: relation to progression of the disease","volume":"35","author":"Carbone","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i884","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty560","article-title":"fastp: an ultra-fast all-in-one FASTQ preprocessor","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.05.003","article-title":"Disease-Associated Microglia: A Universal Immune Sensor of Neurodegeneration","volume":"173","author":"Deczkowska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aau3333","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis in Alzheimer\u2019s disease brains: Evidence for disease causation and treatment with small-molecule inhibitors","volume":"5","author":"Dominy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205018666211202143935","article-title":"Inflammation in the CNS: Understanding Various Aspects of the Pathogenesisof Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"19","author":"Doroszkiewicz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3233\/ADR-220090","article-title":"The Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on the Cognitive Functioning of Patients with Pre-Existing Dementia","volume":"7","author":"Dubey","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2489","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-021-00757-x","article-title":"The blood\u2013brain barrier in systemic infection and inflammation","volume":"18","author":"Galea","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.2174\/1874279300802010014","article-title":"Gene Expression Profile of THP-1 Cells Infected by R. prowazekii Suggests Host Response Signature Genes","volume":"2","author":"Ge","year":"2008","journal-title":"Open. Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-14-7","article-title":"GSVA: gene set variation analysis for microarray and RNA-Seq data","volume":"14","author":"H\u00e4nzelmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Bioinforma."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00048","article-title":"Molecular Mechanisms for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Pathogenesis in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"10","author":"Harris","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-221231","article-title":"The Impact of Routine Vaccinations on Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Risk in Persons 65 Years and Older: A Claims-Based Cohort Study using Propensity Score Matching","volume":"95","author":"Harris","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-020-00207-y","article-title":"Does SARS-CoV-2 infection cause chronic neurological complications?","volume":"42","author":"Hascup","year":"2020","journal-title":"GeroScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)70016-5","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Heneka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2813","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201706041","article-title":"Vav3-induced cytoskeletal dynamics contribute to heterotypic properties of endothelial barriers","volume":"217","author":"Hilfenhaus","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181b6bb95","article-title":"Systemic inflammation and disease progression in Alzheimer disease","volume":"73","author":"Holmes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holmes, C., El-Okl, M., Williams, A.L., Cunningham, C., Wilcockson, D., Perry, V.H., 2003. Systemic infection, interleukin 1\u03b2, and cognitive decline in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. \u3008https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.74.6.788\u3009.","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.6.788"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1021\/pr501076j","article-title":"An Integrated Workflow for Multiplex CSF Proteomics and Peptidomics\u2013Identification of Candidate Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"14","author":"H\u00f6ltt\u00e4","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-023-01148-0","article-title":"Pathological phenotypes of astrocytes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"56","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trci.2018.06.014","article-title":"Inflammation as a central mechanism in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"4","author":"Kinney","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement. Transl. Res. Clin. Interv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.90","article-title":"Sex differences in immune responses","volume":"16","author":"Klein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4353","article-title":"Genome-wide prediction and functional characterization of the genetic basis of autism spectrum disorder","volume":"19","author":"Krishnan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-021-02611-7","article-title":"Implications of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase-Akt (PI3K-Akt) Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"59","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-9-559","article-title":"WGCNA: an R package for weighted correlation network analysis","volume":"9","author":"Langfelder","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Bioinforma."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2011.09.014","article-title":"Notch signaling proteins HES-1 and Hey-1 bind to insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) proximal promoter and repress its transcription and activity: Implications for cellular A\u03b2 metabolism","volume":"1823","author":"Leal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064971","article-title":"Inflammatory Proteins in Plasma Are Associated with Severity of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"8","author":"Leung","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS. ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2012-111592","article-title":"Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Immune Activation are Detectable in Early Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Blood","volume":"30","author":"Lunnon","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019S. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib36","first-page":"147","article-title":"Differential expression of oxidative phosphorylation genes in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. NeuroMolecular Med","volume":"5","author":"Manczak","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-8924(98)01368-3","article-title":"Tau in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"8","author":"Mandelkow","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trends Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1195-2","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"570","author":"Mathys","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.831967","article-title":"The Key Factors Predicting Dementia in Individuals With Alzheimer\u2019s Disease-Type Pathology","volume":"14","author":"McCorkindale","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1038\/s41540-024-00376-y","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease rewires gene coexpression networks coupling different brain regions","volume":"10","author":"Mitra","year":"2024","journal-title":"npj Syst. Biol. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0154-9","article-title":"A molecular network of the aging human brain provides insights into the pathology and cognitive decline of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"21","author":"Mostafavi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-1221","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and the \u03b2-Amyloid Peptide. J. Alzheimers Dis","volume":"19","author":"Murphy","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAD"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e07151","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii: A possible etiologic agent for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Nayeri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103751","article-title":"Is Toxoplasma gondii a potential risk factor for Alzheimer\u2019s disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"137","author":"Nayeri Chegeni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3337","article-title":"Robust enumeration of cell subsets from tissue expression profiles","volume":"12","author":"Newman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9050524","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"9","author":"Onyango","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202357238","article-title":"Lipin-2 regulates the antiviral and anti-inflammatory responses to interferon","volume":"24","author":"de Pablo","year":"2023","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4197","article-title":"Salmon provides fast and bias-aware quantification of transcript expression","volume":"14","author":"Patro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0238-1","article-title":"Integrative transcriptome analyses of the aging brain implicate altered splicing in Alzheimer\u2019s disease susceptibility","volume":"50","author":"Raj","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv007","article-title":"limma powers differential expression analyses for RNA-sequencing and microarray studies","volume":"43","author":"Ritchie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12065","article-title":"Does Helicobacter pylori Infection Increase Incidence of Dementia? The Personnes Ag\u00e9es QUID Study","volume":"61","author":"Roubaud Baudron","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009.e11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2011.10.021","article-title":"Impact of chronic Helicobacter pylori infection on Alzheimer\u2019s disease: preliminary results","volume":"33","author":"Roubaud-Baudron","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2839","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-010-0365-z","article-title":"Optic atrophy 3 as a protein of the mitochondrial outer membrane induces mitochondrial fragmentation","volume":"67","author":"Ryu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011613","article-title":"Plasma Homocysteine as a Risk Factor for Dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"346","author":"Seshadri","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s100480050002","article-title":"Oxidative phosphorylation defects and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"1","author":"Shoffner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurogenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00016","article-title":"Identification of Vulnerable Cell Types in Major Brain Disorders Using Single Cell Transcriptomes and Expression Weighted Cell Type Enrichment","volume":"10","author":"Skene","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.707466","article-title":"Role of the Extracellular Matrix in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"13","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-021-00959-y","article-title":"A transcriptome-wide association study of Alzheimer\u2019s disease using prediction models of relevant tissues identifies novel candidate susceptibility genes","volume":"13","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.188","article-title":"Blood\u2013brain barrier breakdown in Alzheimer disease and other neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"14","author":"Sweeney","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20241232","article-title":"Lipid metabolism and neuroinflammation: What is the link?","volume":"222","author":"Tiwari","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5516","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01248-1","article-title":"The acute phase protein lactoferrin is a key feature of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and predictor of A\u03b2 burden through induction of APP amyloidogenic processing","volume":"26","author":"Tsatsanis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2024.112411","article-title":"Associations of infections and vaccines with Alzheimer\u2019s disease point to a role of compromised immunity rather than specific pathogen in AD","volume":"190","author":"Ukraintseva","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2016.03.010","article-title":"The blood-brain barrier in systemic inflammation","volume":"60","author":"Varatharaj","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain. Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib64","first-page":"1495","article-title":"Past exposure to vaccines and subsequent risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"165","author":"Verreault","year":"2001","journal-title":"CMAJ Can. Med. Assoc. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005374","article-title":"SeXX matters in infectious disease pathogenesis","volume":"12","author":"Vom Steeg","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.107908","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the Alzheimer\u2019s disease human brain transcriptome and functional dissection in mouse models","volume":"32","author":"Wan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcab293","article-title":"Deep learning-based brain transcriptomic signatures associated with the neuropathological and clinical severity of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-220717","article-title":"Association of COVID-19 with New-Onset Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"89","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019S. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-016-0922-z","article-title":"Measure transcript integrity using RNA-seq data","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Bioinforma."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts356","article-title":"RSeQC: quality control of RNA-seq experiments","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-025-00857-6","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathogenesis: standing at the crossroad of lipid metabolism and immune response","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-28269-w","article-title":"The role of atypical MAP kinase 4 in the host interaction with Cryptosporidium parvum","volume":"13","author":"Watanabe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wingett, S.W., Andrews, S., 2018. FastQ Screen: A tool for multi-genome mapping and quality control. \u3008https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.15931.2\u3009.","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.15931.1"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib74","series-title":"Global action plan on the public health response to dementia 2017\u20132025","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib75","article-title":"clusterProfiler 4.0: A universal enrichment tool for interpreting omics data","volume":"2","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Innovation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9156","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-64161-z","article-title":"Microglia-specific regulation of lipid metabolism in Alzheimer\u2019s disease revealed by microglial depletion in 5xFAD Mice","volume":"16","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4121","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-04356-7","article-title":"Comprehensive investigation of temporal and autism-associated cell type composition-dependent and independent gene expression changes in human brains","volume":"7","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26676","article-title":"The associations of VGF with neuropathologies and cognitive health in older adults","volume":"94","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2016.07.007","article-title":"The blood-brain barrier in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"107","author":"Zenaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-024-01430-x","article-title":"Navigating the metabolic maze: anomalies in fatty acid and cholesterol processes in Alzheimer\u2019s astrocytes","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3114","article-title":"Neurovascular pathways to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and other disorders","volume":"12","author":"Zlokovic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Neurobiology of Aging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S019745802600120X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S019745802600120X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T18:59:42Z","timestamp":1786474782000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S019745802600120X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":81,"alternative-id":["S019745802600120X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0197-4580"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0197-4580","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Systemic infections alter cortical transcriptional signatures in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neurobiology of Aging","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2026.06.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}