{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T23:07:28Z","timestamp":1778800048800,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017686","name":"Fujian Provincial Health Technology Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023QNA067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023QNA067"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017686","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017686","name":"Fujian Provincial Health Technology Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RT2022-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RT2022-002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017686","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC2705203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2705203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NeuroImage"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T09:21:54Z","timestamp":1760001714000},"page":"121518","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effect of intelligence quotient discrepancy on attention and executive function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: an fNIRS study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"321","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5614-5097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liang-liang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing-rong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying-ying","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2283-7138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao-dan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.04.019","article-title":"Age-related change of neurochemical abnormality in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Aoki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.09.038","article-title":"Cognitive ability changes and dynamics of cortical thickness development in healthy children and adolescents","volume":"84","author":"Burgaleta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2015.01.011","article-title":"Childhood predictors of adolescent and young adult outcome in ADHD","volume":"62","author":"Cheung","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2020.00085","article-title":"Increased temporal lobe beta activity in boys with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder by LORETA analysis","volume":"14","author":"Chiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.08.014","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis: resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"60","author":"Cortese","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2017.01.003","article-title":"Neural perspectives on cognitive control development during childhood and adolescence","volume":"21","author":"Crone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trend. Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1177\/00222194030360010601","article-title":"Cognitive functioning as measured by the WISC-R: do children with learning disabilities have distinctive patterns of performance?","volume":"36","author":"D'Angiulli","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Learn. Disabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.846052","article-title":"Static and dynamic assessment of intelligence in ADHD subtypes","volume":"13","author":"Fabio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.01.022","article-title":"The World Federation of ADHD International Consensus Statement: 208 evidence-based conclusions about the disorder","volume":"128","author":"Faraone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-018-0504-9","article-title":"Inhibitory control and information processing in ADHD: comparing the dual task and performance adjustment hypotheses","volume":"47","author":"Fosco","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Child Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0011","series-title":"Reliability and Validity in Neuropsychological Assessment","first-page":"71","article-title":"The Wechsler Intelligence Scales for children\u2014the WISC-R, WISC-III, and WPPSI-R","author":"Franzen","year":"2002"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0012","first-page":"150","article-title":"Meta-analysis of case-control studies on Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"37","author":"Fulong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gansu Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.4306\/pi.2011.8.2.89","article-title":"Sensory processing problems in children with ADHD, a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Ghanizadeh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613231216155","article-title":"Studies assessing domains pertaining to structural language in autism vary in reporting practices and approaches to assessment: a systematic review","volume":"28","author":"Girolamo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Autism."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0015","series-title":"Neural and Behavioural Correlates of Auditory Discrimination and Language Processing in Infants and Children","author":"Golan","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.277","article-title":"Meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of inhibition and attention in attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: exploring task-specific, stimulant medication, and age effects","volume":"70","author":"Hart","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0017","first-page":"693","article-title":"A review on research methods of executive function","volume":"12","author":"Hong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv. Psycholog. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1207\/s15324826an1102_3","article-title":"The persistent belief that VIQ-PIQ splits suggest lateralized brain damage","volume":"11","author":"Iverson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0019","first-page":"632","article-title":"Sluggish cognitive tempo in attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder","volume":"29","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. J. Child Health Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0020","first-page":"292","article-title":"Study of intellectual characteristics in ADHD with and without learning disabilities","volume":"9","author":"Jianying","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chin. J. Child Health Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0021","first-page":"929","article-title":"Expert consensus on the establishment of specialized pediatric psychology and behavior departments","volume":"31","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. J. Child Health Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-011-1257-2","article-title":"Impact of IQ discrepancy on executive function in high-functioning autism: insight into twice exceptionality","volume":"42","author":"Kalbfleisch","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Autism. Dev. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1080\/09297049.2021.1908532","article-title":"Is executive dysfunction a potential contributor to the comorbidity between basic reading disability and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder?","volume":"27","author":"Kibby","year":"2021","journal-title":"Child. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12201","article-title":"Classification of intellectual disability using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children: full Scale IQ or General Abilities Index?","volume":"55","author":"Koriakin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26754","article-title":"Large-scale analysis of structural brain asymmetries during neurodevelopment: associations with age and sex in 4265 children and adolescents","volume":"45","author":"Kurth","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107134","article-title":"Inhibit, switch, and update: a within-subject fMRI investigation of executive control","volume":"132","author":"Lemire-Rodger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-022-02069-5","article-title":"Relationships between sensory integration and the core symptoms of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: the mediating effect of executive function","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0193(200102)12:2<100::AID-HBM1007>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Event-related fMRI study of response inhibition","volume":"12","author":"Liddle","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0029","first-page":"497","article-title":"Serum biomarker analysis in pediatric ADHD: implications of homocysteine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, ferritin, and iron levels","volume":"11","author":"Lukovac","year":"2024","journal-title":"Child. (Basel)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0030","first-page":"42","article-title":"Metacognitive awareness and executive function in attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","author":"Lu\u015f","year":"2020","journal-title":"Israel J. Psychiatry Relat. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14135","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0775-13.2013","article-title":"Using IQ discrepancy scores to examine the neural correlates of specific cognitive abilities","volume":"33","author":"Margolis","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12550","article-title":"Verbal-spatial IQ discrepancies impact brain activation associated with the resolution of cognitive conflict in children and adolescents","volume":"21","author":"Margolis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.06.011","article-title":"Individual classification of ADHD children by right prefrontal hemodynamic responses during a go\/no-go task as assessed by fNIRS","volume":"9","author":"Monden","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797611416999","article-title":"Short-term music training enhances verbal intelligence and executive function","volume":"22","author":"Moreno","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1177\/073428290302100302","article-title":"Intelligence and Achievement: just how Correlated are they?","volume":"21","author":"Naglieri","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Psychoeduc. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260","article-title":"Effectiveness of a process-based executive function intervention on arithmetic knowledge of children with Developmental Dyscalculia","volume":"127","author":"Nazari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res. Dev. Disabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2012.00091","article-title":"Genetic, morphometric, and behavioral factors linked to the midsagittal area of the corpus callosum","volume":"3","author":"Newbury","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s12646-014-0253-y","article-title":"Cognitive Assessment System (CAS): a review","volume":"59","author":"Nishanimut","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol. Stud. (Mysore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2024.109900","article-title":"Neurocognitive effects and electrophysiological findings in ADHD and self-limiting centrotemporal spike wave epilepsy (SeLECTS) - A prospective tertiary care study","volume":"157","author":"Orak","year":"2024","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.25259\/JNRP_22_2023","article-title":"Sensory processing abilities and their impact on disease severity in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"14","author":"Panda","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Rural. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13948","article-title":"The present and future use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) for cognitive neuroscience","volume":"1464","author":"Pinti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.06.062","article-title":"A wearable multi-channel fNIRS system for brain imaging in freely moving subjects","volume":"85","author":"Piper","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0043","first-page":"766","article-title":"Intelligence and behavior characteristics of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"16","author":"PZ","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin. J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0044","first-page":"277","article-title":"Reliability and validity of behavior rating scale of executive function parent form for school age children in China. Beijing","volume":"39","author":"Qian","year":"2007","journal-title":"Da Xue Xue Bao Yi. Xue Ban."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10514","article-title":"Verbal and non-verbal intelligence changes in the teenage brain","volume":"479","author":"Ramsden","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708002869","article-title":"Support for an independent familial segregation of executive and intelligence endophenotypes in ADHD families","volume":"38","author":"Rommelse","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.13168","article-title":"The relationship between executive function, processing speed, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in middle childhood","volume":"25","author":"Sabhlok","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dev. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30167-0","article-title":"ADHD in children and young people: prevalence, care pathways, and service provision","volume":"5","author":"Sayal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1037\/h0060790","article-title":"Differences between verbal and performance IQs on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children","volume":"15","author":"Seashore","year":"1951","journal-title":"J. Consult. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054718804347","article-title":"The relationship between executive function deficits and DSM-5-defined ADHD symptoms","volume":"24","author":"Silverstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Atten. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200102000-00011","article-title":"Clinical relevance of the primary findings of the MTA: success rates based on severity of ADHD and ODD symptoms at the end of treatment","volume":"40","author":"Swanson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0052","article-title":"False positives and false negatives in functional near-infrared spectroscopy: issues, challenges, and the way forward","volume":"3","author":"Tachtsidis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurophotonics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0053","first-page":"205","article-title":"Learning and memory impairments with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"73","author":"Tien","year":"2024","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/18.5.439","article-title":"The integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test as a neuropsychological measure","volume":"18","author":"Tinius","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054715588949","article-title":"Family functioning, comorbidities, and behavioral profiles of children with ADHD and disruptive mood dysregulation disorder","volume":"24","author":"Uran","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Atten. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579425100242","article-title":"The distinct effects of cool and hot executive function deficits on ADHD core symptoms: combining variable-centered and person-centered approaches","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0057","first-page":"138","article-title":"Clinical analysis of cognitive function characteristics in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"26","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychosomat. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.02.006","article-title":"Validity of the executive function theory of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review","volume":"57","author":"Willcutt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1277690","article-title":"Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex dysfunction caused by a go\/no-go task in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study","volume":"17","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2019.03.006","article-title":"Age-related differences in frontal lobe function in children with ADHD","volume":"41","author":"Yasumura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.06.015","article-title":"Probing depression, schizophrenia, and other psychiatric disorders using fNIRS and the verbal fluency test: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"140","author":"Yeung","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0062","series-title":"Introduction of the Behavior Rating Scale of Executive Function (BRIEF) Parent Form For School Age Children into China and Application in ADHD","author":"Ying","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0063","first-page":"297","article-title":"Analysis of intelligence structure of children of different ADHD subtypes","volume":"16","author":"Yu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin. J. Clinical Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S153102","article-title":"IQ discrepancy differentiates levels of fine motor skills and their relationship in children with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"14","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.03.065","article-title":"Affective-cognitive-behavioral heterogeneity of Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): emotional dysregulation as a sentinel symptom differentiating \"ADHD-simplex\" and \"ADHD-complex\" syndromes?","volume":"307","author":"Yue","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-8606.2012.00246.x","article-title":"Hot and cool executive function in childhood and adolescence: development and plasticity","volume":"6","author":"Zelazo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Child Dev. Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.02.053","article-title":"Abnormal prefrontal cortical activation during the GO\/NOGO and verbal fluency tasks in adult patients with comorbid generalized anxiety disorder and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: an fNIRS study","volume":"172","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."}],"container-title":["NeuroImage"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S105381192500521X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S105381192500521X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T22:11:38Z","timestamp":1778796698000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S105381192500521X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":67,"alternative-id":["S105381192500521X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8119"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8119","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effect of intelligence quotient discrepancy on attention and executive function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: an fNIRS study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"NeuroImage","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121518","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"121518"}}