{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T03:38:54Z","timestamp":1792726734662,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32601547"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32601547"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013254","name":"National College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013254","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005047","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2026-BS-0685"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026-BS-0685"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007620","name":"Department of Education of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JYTMS20231047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JYTMS20231047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007620","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007620","name":"Department of Education of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LJ212510165019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LJ212510165019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007620","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NeuroImage"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T06:44:08Z","timestamp":1791528248000},"page":"122287","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Distinct brain network organization in asynchronous and synchronous motor observation and motor imagery: evidence from EEG functional connectivity, phase-amplitude coupling, and decoding"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"341","author":[{"given":"Tingting","family":"Lian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinxiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2138-6286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5392-3146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiahui","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.02.008","article-title":"A note on the phase locking value and its properties","volume":"74","author":"Aydore","year":"2013","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-023-01895-9","article-title":"Potential benefits of synchronous action observation and motor imagery: a commentary on Eaves et al. 2022","volume":"88","author":"Azaad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychol. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B Methodol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2019.10.016","article-title":"Neurophysiological markers discriminate different forms of motor imagery during action observation","volume":"124","author":"Bruton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"5793","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1128115","article-title":"High gamma power is phase-locked to theta oscillations in human neocortex","volume":"313","author":"Canolty","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2010.09.001","article-title":"The functional role of cross-frequency coupling","volume":"14","author":"Canolty","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2014.04.012","article-title":"Frontal theta as a mechanism for cognitive control","volume":"18","author":"Cavanagh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2016.12.007","article-title":"The distributed nature of working memory","volume":"21","author":"Christophel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0010","article-title":"The effects of combined action observation and motor imagery on corticospinal excitability and movement outcomes: two meta-analyses. Neurosci","volume":"143","author":"Chye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biobehav. Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1008302","article-title":"Tensorpac: an open-source Python toolbox for tensor-based phase-amplitude coupling measurement in electrophysiological brain signals","volume":"16","author":"Combrisson","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.10.008","article-title":"Neuroplasticity subserving motor skill learning","volume":"72","author":"Dayan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(95)00225-1","article-title":"The neurophysiological basis of motor imagery","volume":"77","author":"Decety","year":"1996","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2015.02.003","article-title":"Motor skill learning between selection and execution","volume":"19","author":"Diedrichsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-013-0276-z","article-title":"On the quantization of time-varying phase synchrony patterns into distinct functional connectivity microstates (FC\u03bcstates) in a multi-trial visual ERP paradigm","volume":"26","author":"Dimitriadis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Topogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2014.01.002","article-title":"Toward a proper estimation of phase-amplitude coupling in neural oscillations","volume":"225","author":"Dvorak","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2016.04.013","article-title":"EEG and behavioural correlates of different forms of motor imagery during action observation in rhythmical actions","volume":"106","author":"Eaves","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Cogn."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-022-01768-7","article-title":"Enhancing motor imagery practice using synchronous action observation","volume":"88","author":"Eaves","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00514","article-title":"Motor imagery during action observation: a brief review of evidence, theory and future research opportunities","volume":"10","author":"Eaves","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149","article-title":"Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses","volume":"41","author":"Faul","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","article-title":"G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences","volume":"39","author":"Faul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.06.008","article-title":"Human cortical representations for reaching: mirror neurons for execution, observation, and imagery","volume":"37","author":"Filimon","year":"2007","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0023","first-page":"2784","article-title":"Phase synchrony in subject-specific reactive band of EEG for classification of motor imagery tasks","volume":"2013","author":"Gonuguntla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0193(200101)12:1<1::AID-HBM10>3.0.CO;2-V","article-title":"Functional anatomy of execution, mental simulation, observation, and verb generation of actions: a meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Gr\u00e8zes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-63758-6","article-title":"Motor imagery drives the effects of combined action observation and motor imagery on corticospinal excitability for coordinative lower-limb actions","volume":"14","author":"Grilc","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118403","article-title":"Alpha and high gamma phase amplitude coupling during motor imagery and weighted cross-frequency coupling to extract discriminative cross-frequency patterns","volume":"240","author":"Gwon","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2775","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhn036","article-title":"Motor planning, imagery, and execution in the distributed motor network: a time-course study with functional MRI","volume":"18","author":"Hanakawa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.08.003","article-title":"Neural correlates of action: comparing meta-analyses of imagery, observation, and execution","volume":"94","author":"Hardwick","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2015.2389824","article-title":"Spatial pyramid pooling in deep convolutional networks for visual recognition. IEEE Trans","volume":"37","author":"He","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.03.017","article-title":"The neural network of motor imagery: an ALE meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"H\u00e9tu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410600946860","article-title":"What is modelled during observational learning?","volume":"25","author":"Hodges","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.3200\/JMBR.40.5.433-445","article-title":"A neuroscientific review of imagery and observation use in sport","volume":"40","author":"Holmes","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mot. Behav."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.3390\/s21061988","article-title":"EEG-based sleep staging analysis with functional connectivity","volume":"21","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00573","article-title":"Quantification of phase-amplitude coupling in neuronal oscillations: comparison of phase-locking value, mean vector length, modulation index, and generalized-linear-modeling-cross-frequency-coupling","volume":"13","author":"H\u00fclsemann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2015.09.001","article-title":"Neural cross-frequency coupling: connecting architectures, mechanisms, and functions","volume":"38","author":"Hyafil","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(95)00073-C","article-title":"Mental imagery in the motor context","volume":"33","author":"Jeannerod","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S103","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0832","article-title":"Neural simulation of action: a unifying mechanism for motor cognition","volume":"14","author":"Jeannerod","year":"2001","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2010.00186","article-title":"Shaping functional architecture by oscillatory alpha activity: gating by inhibition","volume":"4","author":"Jensen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0040","first-page":"101","article-title":"The effect of alternate training of action observation and motor imagery on cognitive and skill performance","volume":"51","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport Psychol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2012.10.007","article-title":"\u03b1-band oscillations, attention, and controlled access to stored information","volume":"16","author":"Klimesch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.06.028","article-title":"Theta\u2013gamma coupling during episodic retrieval in the human EEG","volume":"1577","author":"K\u00f6ster","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2019.tb00069.x","article-title":"Motor learning","volume":"9","author":"Krakauer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0193(1999)8:4<194::AID-HBM4>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Measuring phase synchrony in brain signals","volume":"8","author":"Lachaux","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/aace8c","article-title":"EEGNet: a compact convolutional neural network for EEG-based brain-computer interfaces","volume":"15","author":"Lawhern","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23956","article-title":"Motor imagery training: kinesthetic imagery strategy and inferior parietal fMRI activation","volume":"39","author":"Lebon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0047","article-title":"Functional connectivity analysis in motor-imagery brain computer interfaces","volume":"15","author":"Leeuwis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.13432","article-title":"Combinations of action observation and motor imagery on golf putting\u2019s performance","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.132612","article-title":"Mirror triplet metric loss for motor imagery EEG decoding","volume":"325","author":"Luo","year":"2026","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.09.083","article-title":"Neural representations involved in observed, imagined, and imitated actions are dissociable and hierarchically organized","volume":"59","author":"Macuga","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NPT.0000260567.24122.64","article-title":"The kinesthetic and visual imagery questionnaire (KVIQ) for assessing motor imagery in persons with physical disabilities: a reliability and construct validity study","volume":"31","author":"Malouin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Phys. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.01.012","article-title":"Motor imagery alone drives corticospinal excitability during concurrent action observation and motor imagery","volume":"126","author":"Meers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2021.102584","article-title":"EEG motor imagery classification using dynamic connectivity patterns and convolutional autoencoder","volume":"68","author":"Mirzaei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Signal Process. Control"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026006","article-title":"The modulation of corticospinal excitability during motor imagery of actions with objects","volume":"6","author":"Mizuguchi","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2008.12.024","article-title":"Cognitive motor processes: the role of motor imagery in the study of motor representations","volume":"60","author":"Munzert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Res. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci8050079","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Kinesthetic and visual imagery questionnaire (KVIQ)","volume":"8","author":"Nakano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(06)59014-4","article-title":"ERD\/ERS patterns reflecting sensorimotor activation and deactivation","volume":"159","author":"Neuper","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(99)00141-8","article-title":"Event-related EEG\/MEG synchronization and desynchronization: basic principles","volume":"110","author":"Pfurtscheller","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(97)00889-6","article-title":"Motor imagery activates primary sensorimotor area in humans","volume":"239","author":"Pfurtscheller","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lmot.2019.101595","article-title":"Free throw performance in non-expert basketball players: the effect of dynamic motor imagery combined with action observation","volume":"68","author":"Robin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Learn. Motiv."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13534","article-title":"The effect of action observation and motor imagery combinations on upper limb kinematics and EMG during dart-throwing","volume":"29","author":"Romano Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2022.102275","article-title":"Simultaneous and alternate combinations of action-observation and motor imagery involve a common lower-level sensorimotor process","volume":"63","author":"Romano-Smith","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychol. Sport Exerc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2018.06.003","article-title":"Simultaneous and alternate action observation and motor imagery combinations improve aiming performance","volume":"38","author":"Romano-Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol. Sport Exerc."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0065","first-page":"306","article-title":"The continuous wavelet transform: a tool for signal investigation and understanding","volume":"15","author":"Sadowsky","year":"1994","journal-title":"Johns Hopkins APL Tech. Dig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2024.128577","article-title":"Deep learning in motor imagery EEG signal decoding: a systematic review","volume":"610","author":"Saibene","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.07.051","article-title":"Time-resolved phase-amplitude coupling in neural oscillations","volume":"159","author":"Samiee","year":"2017","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5391","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23730","article-title":"Deep learning with convolutional neural networks for EEG decoding and visualization","volume":"38","author":"Schirrmeister","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-12-127","article-title":"Two assessments to evaluate imagery ability: translation, test-retest reliability and concurrent validity of the German KVIQ and Imaprax","volume":"12","author":"Schuster","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Med. Res. Methodol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.05.015","article-title":"Combined action observation and motor imagery: an intervention to combat the neural and behavioural deficits associated with developmental coordination disorder","volume":"127","author":"Scott","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2016.09.010","article-title":"Neural mechanisms of information storage in visual short-term memory","volume":"128","author":"Serences","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vision Res."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-005-0078-y","article-title":"Kinesthetic, but not visual, motor imagery modulates corticomotor excitability","volume":"168","author":"Stinear","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2020.03.019","article-title":"Real and imagined grasping movements differently activate the human dorsomedial parietal cortex","volume":"434","author":"Sulpizio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00106.2010","article-title":"Measuring phase-amplitude coupling between neuronal oscillations of different frequencies","volume":"104","author":"Tort","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.91839","article-title":"Fundamental processes in sensorimotor learning: reasoning, refinement, and retrieval","volume":"13","author":"Tsay","year":"2024","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00807","article-title":"Multiple roles of motor imagery during action observation","volume":"7","author":"Vogt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2010.00210","article-title":"Selective theta-synchronization of choice-relevant information subserves goal-directed behavior","volume":"4","author":"Womelsdorf","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-023-01894-w","article-title":"Synchronous action observation and motor imagery may not always represent the optimal form of action simulation: a commentary on Eaves et al. (2022)","volume":"88","author":"Wright","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00951","article-title":"Combined action observation and imagery facilitates corticospinal excitability","volume":"8","author":"Wright","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2018.08.006","article-title":"Corticospinal excitability is facilitated by combined action observation and motor imagery of a basketball free throw","volume":"39","author":"Wright","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol. Sport Exerc."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10766","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-022-04077-z","article-title":"A dual alignment-based multi-source domain adaptation framework for motor imagery EEG classification","volume":"53","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Intell."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3751","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-82241-0","article-title":"Characterization of kinesthetic motor imagery compared with visual motor imageries","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["NeuroImage"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1053811926006026?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1053811926006026?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T03:05:54Z","timestamp":1792724754000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1053811926006026"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":79,"alternative-id":["S1053811926006026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8119"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8119","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Distinct brain network organization in asynchronous and synchronous motor observation and motor imagery: evidence from EEG functional connectivity, phase-amplitude coupling, and decoding","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"NeuroImage","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.122287","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"122287"}}