{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T03:24:41Z","timestamp":1789788281818,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005351","name":"Neurosurgery Research and Education Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005351","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["neuromodulationjournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T16:03:45Z","timestamp":1673971425000},"page":"544-550","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["An Institutional Experience of Directional Deep Brain Stimulation and a Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5617-9009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akash","family":"Mishra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prashin","family":"Unadkat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua D.","family":"McBriar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Schulder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0695-0707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ritesh A.","family":"Ramdhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.01.020","article-title":"Probing and regulating dysfunctional circuits using deep brain stimulation","volume":"77","author":"Lozano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31825972ab","article-title":"Obesity and brain addiction circuitry: implications for deep brain stimulation","volume":"71","author":"Taghva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1080\/02688690701552278","article-title":"Thalamic deep brain stimulation in the treatment of essential tremor: a long-term follow-up","volume":"21","author":"Blomstedt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008_bib4","first-page":"1271","article-title":"Long-term results of thalamic deep brain stimulation for essential tremor","volume":"112","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000096012.07360.1C","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of thalamic deep brain stimulation for essential and parkinsonian tremor","volume":"61","author":"Kumar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23817","article-title":"Long-term efficacy and mortality in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients treated with subthalamic stimulation","volume":"26","author":"Toft","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306833","article-title":"Long-term outcome of deep brain stimulation in generalised dystonia: a series of 60 cases","volume":"85","author":"FitzGerald","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-00426-z","article-title":"Technology of deep brain stimulation: current status and future directions","volume":"17","author":"Krauss","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13407","article-title":"Directional deep brain stimulation for Parkinson\u2019s disease: results of an international crossover study with randomized, double-blind primary endpoint","volume":"25","author":"Schnitzler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13374","article-title":"Directional stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease and essential tremor: the Cleveland Clinic experience","volume":"25","author":"Rammo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.12.015","article-title":"Thalamic directional deep brain stimulation for tremor: spend less, get more","volume":"11","author":"Rebelo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13311","article-title":"Response to letter to the editor regarding: \u201cbipolar directional deep brain stimulation in essential and parkinsonian tremor\u201d-a technology underutilized","volume":"23","author":"Reker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2021.11.009","article-title":"The actual use of directional steering and shorter pulse width in selected patients undergoing deep brain stimulation","volume":"93","author":"Zitman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.628","article-title":"Role of directional configuration in deep brain stimulation for essential tremor: a single center experience","volume":"11","author":"Veerappan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008_bib15","first-page":"1224","article-title":"Real-life experience on directional deep brain stimulation in patients with advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Koivu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pers Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-022-00381-5","article-title":"Long-term clinical experience with directional deep brain stimulation programming: a retrospective review","volume":"11","author":"Karl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.004","article-title":"Programming deep brain stimulation for Parkinson\u2019s disease: the Toronto Western Hospital algorithms","volume":"9","author":"Picillo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1159\/000517054","article-title":"Programming directional deep brain stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a randomized prospective trial comparing early versus delayed stimulation steering","volume":"99","author":"Maciel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26924","article-title":"Speech and language adverse effects after thalamotomy and deep brain stimulation in patients with movement disorders: a meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Alomar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.493","article-title":"Segmented versus nonsegmented deep-brain stimulation for essential tremor differ in ataxic side effects","volume":"9","author":"Roque","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1159\/000271824","article-title":"Complications and side effects of deep brain stimulation in the posterior subthalamic area","volume":"88","author":"Fytagoridis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00648.2003","article-title":"Microstimulation in the region of the human thalamic principal somatic sensory nucleus evokes sensations like those of mechanical stimulation and movement","volume":"91","author":"Ohara","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2649","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23429","article-title":"Systematic review of levodopa dose equivalency reporting in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"25","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s42466-021-00157-6","article-title":"An updated calculator for determining levodopa-equivalent dose","volume":"3","author":"Nyholm","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol Res Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2020.561180","article-title":"Steering the volume of tissue activated with a directional Deep Brain Stimulation lead in the globus pallidus pars interna: A modeling study with heterogeneous tissue properties","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Comput Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2015.07.002","article-title":"Pathophysiology of L-dopa-induced motor and non-motor complications in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"132","author":"Bastide","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"issue":"suppl 14","key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S290","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20962","article-title":"Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation: summary and meta-analysis of outcomes","volume":"21","author":"Kleiner-Fisman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008_bib28","series-title":"Handb Clin Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53497-2.00010-3","article-title":"Clinical outcome of deep brain stimulation for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"116","author":"Deuschl","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa035275","article-title":"Five-year follow-up of bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"349","author":"Krack","year":"2003","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1278","article-title":"Bilateral subthalamic stimulation monotherapy in advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease: long-term follow-up of patients","volume":"17","author":"Valldeoriola","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13031","article-title":"Comparing current steering technologies for directional deep brain stimulation using a computational model that incorporates heterogeneous tissue properties","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30108-3","article-title":"Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation with a multiple independent constant current-controlled device in Parkinson\u2019s disease (INTREPID): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, sham-controlled study","volume":"19","author":"Vitek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2016.00058","article-title":"Model-based comparison of deep brain stimulation array functionality with varying number of radial electrodes and machine learning feature sets","volume":"10","author":"Teplitzky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Comput Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.593798","article-title":"In silico accuracy and energy efficiency of two steering paradigms in directional deep brain stimulation","volume":"11","author":"Ju\u00e1rez-Paz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008_bib34","first-page":"185","article-title":"Update on current technologies for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"13","author":"Paff","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008_bib35","first-page":"64","article-title":"Directional deep brain stimulation in the treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"17","author":"Mishra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1094715922014088?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1094715922014088?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T22:02:02Z","timestamp":1761084122000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1094715922014088"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1094715922014088"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1094-7159"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1094-7159","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An Institutional Experience of Directional Deep Brain Stimulation and a Review of the Literature","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.12.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 International Neuromodulation Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}