{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T19:28:46Z","timestamp":1786994926316,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["neuromodulationjournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.04.468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]],"date-time":"2023-05-27T07:32:42Z","timestamp":1685172762000},"page":"160-171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring During Lead Placement for Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation: A Literature Review and Case Series"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6504-9521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsey","family":"Akers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lakota","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meron","family":"Selassie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Barley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Hillegass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ezequiel","family":"Gleichgerrcht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.04.468_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12564","article-title":"The Neurostimulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee (NACC) safety guidelines for the reduction of severe neurological injury","volume":"20","author":"Deer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.04.468_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12845","article-title":"The neuromodulation appropriateness consensus committee on best practices for dorsal root ganglion stimulation","volume":"22","author":"Deer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.04.468_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-9419-5_26","article-title":"Significance of the spinal cord position in spinal cord stimulation","volume":"64","author":"Holsheimer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.04.468_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2018.14.4.444","article-title":"Neuromonitoring for spinal cord stimulation lead placement under general anesthesia","volume":"14","author":"Shils","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.04.468_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyy062","article-title":"Nonawake vs awake placement of spinal cord stimulators: a prospective, multicenter study comparing safety and efficacy","volume":"84","author":"Falowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.04.468_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12247","article-title":"The dorsal root ganglion in chronic pain and as a target for neuromodulation: a review","volume":"18","author":"Krames","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.04.468_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12072","article-title":"A\u00a0multicenter, prospective trial to assess the safety and performance of the spinal modulation dorsal root ganglion neurostimulator system in the treatment of chronic pain","volume":"16","author":"Liem","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.04.468_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000814","article-title":"Dorsal root ganglion stimulation yielded higher treatment success rate for complex regional pain syndrome and causalgia at 3 and 12 months: a randomized comparative trial","volume":"158","author":"Deer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.04.468_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12941","article-title":"Safety analysis of dorsal root ganglion stimulation in the treatment of chronic pain","volume":"23","author":"Deer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.04.468_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13074","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of dorsal root ganglion stimulation for the treatment of chronic pain: a pooled analysis","volume":"23","author":"Huygen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.04.468_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13171","article-title":"Complications and effects of dorsal root ganglion stimulation in the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain: a nationwide cohort study in Denmark","volume":"24","author":"Horan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.04.468_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13156","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective analysis of the use of intraoperative neuromonitoring for mapping the S1 dorsal root ganglion location to determine ideal lead positioning and predict postoperative programming","volume":"24","author":"Falowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.04.468_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13286","article-title":"Multicenter retrospective analysis of dorsal root ganglion stimulator placement using intraoperative neuromonitoring in asleep patients during early periods of adoption","volume":"24","author":"Falowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.04.468_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opx172","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective analysis of neuromonitoring for confirmation of lead placement in dorsal root ganglion stimulation","volume":"14","author":"Falowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.04.468_bib15","first-page":"3349","article-title":"An observational study of intraoperative neuromonitoring as a safety mechanism in placement of percutaneous dorsal root ganglion stimulation and spinal cord stimulation systems","volume":"13","author":"Hagedorn","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.04.468_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12780","article-title":"Single S1 dorsal root ganglia stimulation for intractable complex regional pain syndrome foot pain after lumbar spine surgery: a case series","volume":"22","author":"Skaribas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.04.468_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12113","article-title":"Paresthesia mapping: a practical workup for successful implantation of the dorsal root ganglion stimulator in refractory groin pain","volume":"17","author":"Zuidema","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.04.468_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12595","article-title":"Selective radiofrequency stimulation of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) as a method for predicting targets for neuromodulation in patients with post amputation pain: a case series","volume":"20","author":"Hunter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.04.468_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0b013e31824cecd3","article-title":"Intraoperative use of somatosensory-evoked potential in monitoring nerve roots","volume":"29","author":"Tsai","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.04.468_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.4103\/2455-5568.196863","article-title":"Neuromonitoring protocol for spinal cord stimulator cases with case descriptions","volume":"2","author":"Falowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Acad Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.04.468_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(92)90068-M","article-title":"Dermatomal somatosensory evoked potentials: cervical, thoracic, and lumbosacral levels","volume":"84","author":"Slimp","year":"1992","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.04.468_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1403.2012.00460.x","article-title":"Intraoperative neurophysiologic methods for spinal cord stimulator placement under general anesthesia","volume":"15","author":"Shils","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.04.468_bib23","first-page":"200","article-title":"Localization of cervical and cervicomedullary stimulation leads for pain treatment using median nerve somatosensory evoked potential collision testing","volume":"114","author":"Balzer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.04.468_bib24","series-title":"Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb, Posterior Tibial Nerve","author":"Granger","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.04.468_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000107228.17075.B9","article-title":"The effects from lumbar nerve root transection in rats on spinal somatosensory and motor-evoked potentials","volume":"29","author":"Jou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.04.468_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E540","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000179311.87137.0d","article-title":"Value of dermatomal somatosensory evoked potentials in detecting acute nerve root injury: an experimental study with special emphasis on stimulus intensity","volume":"30","author":"Tsai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.04.468_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-200210000-00007","article-title":"Intraoperative electromyography","volume":"19","author":"Holland","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.04.468_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199704000-00005","article-title":"Relationship of the train-of-four fade ratio to clinical signs and symptoms of residual paralysis in awake volunteers","volume":"86","author":"Kopman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.04.468_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1159\/000437388","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective study of the intra- and postoperative efficacy of intraoperative neuromonitoring in spinal cord stimulation","volume":"93","author":"Roth","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.04.468_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.07.025","article-title":"American Society of Neurophysiological Monitoring. Intraoperative motor evoked potential monitoring - a position statement by the American Society of Neurophysiological Monitoring","volume":"124","author":"Macdonald","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.04.468_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3182542331","article-title":"The incidence of bite injuries associated with transcranial motor-evoked potential monitoring","volume":"115","author":"Tamkus","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"}],"container-title":["Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1094715923006219?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1094715923006219?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T22:02:30Z","timestamp":1761084150000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1094715923006219"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1094715923006219"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.04.468","relation":{},"ISSN":["1094-7159"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1094-7159","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring During Lead Placement for Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation: A Literature Review and Case Series","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.04.468","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 International Neuromodulation Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}