{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T03:28:05Z","timestamp":1793417285796,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["neuromodulationjournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T15:43:48Z","timestamp":1689003828000},"page":"1276-1294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Neurostimulation for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review of High-Quality Randomized Controlled Trials With Long-Term Follow-Up"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0899-4575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yilong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher Weiyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana Xin","family":"Hui Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damian Wen","family":"Kai Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin Rui","family":"Xin Ker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wai Hoe","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai Rui","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001384","article-title":"Chronic pain as a symptom or a disease: the IASP Classification of Chronic Pain for the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11)","volume":"160","author":"Treede","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32154-2","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"390","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1177\/204946370900300102","article-title":"The cost and burden of chronic pain","volume":"3","author":"Phillips","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib4","first-page":"715","article-title":"The economic costs of pain in the United States","volume":"13","author":"Gaskin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00794-7","article-title":"Neuromodulation for chronic pain","volume":"397","author":"Knotkova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-018-0128-2","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation: current challenges and future directions","volume":"15","author":"Lozano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib8","series-title":"Youmans and Winn Neurological Surgery","author":"Winn","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib9","series-title":"Textbook of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery","volume":"1","author":"Lozano","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909113482745","article-title":"Neuromodulation and palliative medicine","volume":"31","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Palliat Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135","article-title":"Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"151","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(98)00131-0","article-title":"The Delphi list: a criteria list for quality assessment of randomized clinical trials for conducting systematic reviews developed by Delphi consensus","volume":"51","author":"Verhagen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib13","first-page":"S2","article-title":"Methodology of guideline development","volume":"50","author":"Hadley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib14","first-page":"698","article-title":"Efficacy of motor cortex stimulation in the treatment of neuropathic pain: a randomized double-blind trial","volume":"108","author":"Velasco","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2008.03.007","article-title":"Treatment of chronic neuropathic pain by motor cortex stimulation: results of a bicentric controlled crossover trial","volume":"1","author":"Nguyen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp035","article-title":"Motor cortex stimulation for the treatment of refractory peripheral neuropathic pain","volume":"132","author":"Lefaucheur","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1 Suppl Operative","key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib17","first-page":"180","article-title":"Treatment of poststroke pain by epidural motor cortex stimulation with a new octopolar lead","volume":"68","author":"Lefaucheur","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-009-0169-4","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of deep brain stimulation in refractory cluster headache: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial followed by a 1-year open extension","volume":"11","author":"Fontaine","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Headache Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24927","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial of deep brain stimulation for poststroke pain","volume":"81","author":"Lempka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kapural L, Jameson J, Johnson C, et\u00a0al. Treatment of nonsurgical refractory back pain with high-frequency spinal cord stimulation at 10 kHz: 12-month results of a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized controlled trial. J Neurosurg Spine. 2022;37:188-199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2021.12.Spine211301","DOI":"10.3171\/2021.12.SPINE211301"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-1813","article-title":"Durability of high-frequency 10-kHz spinal cord stimulation for patients with painful diabetic neuropathy refractory to conventional treatments: 12-month results from a randomized controlled trial","volume":"45","author":"Petersen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000001418","article-title":"Comparison of 10-kHz high-frequency and traditional low-frequency spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of chronic back and leg pain: 24-month results from a multicenter, randomized, controlled pivotal trial","volume":"79","author":"Kapural","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13251","article-title":"How should we use multicolumn spinal cord stimulation to optimize back pain spatial neural targeting? A prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial (ESTIMET study)","volume":"24","author":"Rigoard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13467","article-title":"Comparison of paresthesia mapping with anatomic placement in burst spinal cord stimulation: long-term results of the prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, crossover CRISP study","volume":"25","author":"Al-Kaisy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-021-00268-7","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of 1000 Hz to 30 Hz spinal cord stimulation strategies in patients with unilateral neuropathic leg pain due to failed back surgery syndrome: a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, crossover clinical study (HALO)","volume":"10","author":"Breel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnx241","article-title":"Prospective, randomized blind effect-on-outcome study of conventional vs high-frequency spinal cord stimulation in patients with pain and disability due to failed back surgery syndrome","volume":"18","author":"De Andres","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001510","article-title":"Multicolumn spinal cord stimulation for predominant back pain in failed back surgery syndrome patients: a multicenter randomized controlled trial","volume":"160","author":"Rigoard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.4998","article-title":"Durability of clinical and quality-of-life outcomes of closed-loop spinal cord stimulation for chronic back and leg pain: a secondary analysis of the evoke randomized clinical trial","volume":"79","author":"Mekhail","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000814","article-title":"Dorsal root ganglion stimulation yielded higher treatment success rate for complex regional pain syndrome and causalgia at 3 and 12 months: a randomized comparative trial","volume":"158","author":"Deer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13134","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of dorsal root ganglion stimulation or spinal cord stimulation for complex regional pain syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Mekhail","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib31","first-page":"399","article-title":"Therapy habituation at 12 months: spinal cord stimulation versus dorsal root ganglion stimulation for complex regional pain syndrome type I and II","volume":"21","author":"Levy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7055697","article-title":"Short-term spinal cord stimulation or pulsed radiofrequency for elderly patients with postherpetic neuralgia: a prospective randomized controlled trial","volume":"2022","author":"Sheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neural Plast"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000629","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided pulsed radiofrequency in the management of thoracic postherpetic neuralgia: a randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial","volume":"34","author":"Makharita","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102414543331","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of peripheral nerve stimulation of the occipital nerves for the management of chronic migraine: long-term results from a randomized, multicenter, double-blinded, controlled study","volume":"35","author":"Dodick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12055","article-title":"Peripheral nerve field stimulation for the management of localized chronic intractable back pain: results from a randomized controlled study","volume":"16","author":"McRoberts","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2012.00533.x","article-title":"The long-term outcome of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in the treatment for patients with chronic pain: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Oosterhof","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.17245\/jdapm.2021.21.6.565","article-title":"Evaluation of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation as an adjunct therapy in trigeminal neuralgia - a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study","volume":"21","author":"Bisla","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dent Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-016-0658-1","article-title":"Cluster headache attack remission with sphenopalatine ganglion stimulation: experiences in chronic cluster headache patients through 24 months","volume":"17","author":"Barloese","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Headache Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102420931050","article-title":"No efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation on chronic migraine with medication overuse: a double blind, randomised clinical trial","volume":"40","author":"Grazzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1159\/000517873","article-title":"Neuromodulation for pain: a comprehensive survey and systematic review of clinical trials and connectomic analysis of brain targets","volume":"100","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.05.062","article-title":"Motor cortex stimulation for neuropathic pain: from phenomenology to mechanisms","volume":"37","author":"Garcia-Larrea","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.01.020","article-title":"Probing and regulating dysfunctional circuits using deep brain stimulation","volume":"77","author":"Lozano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13649","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation mechanisms: the control of network activity via neurochemistry modulation","volume":"139","author":"McIntyre","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.105","article-title":"Insights into the mechanisms of deep brain stimulation","volume":"13","author":"Ashkan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31827b97d6","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of deep brain stimulation for neuropathic pain","volume":"72","author":"Boccard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib46","first-page":"157","article-title":"Intracranial neurostimulation for pain control: a review","volume":"13","author":"Levy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)02470-2","article-title":"Hypothalamic activation in cluster headache attacks","volume":"352","author":"May","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2574","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200211150-00034","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation: mechanisms of action","volume":"27","author":"Oakley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2007.11.001","article-title":"Putative mechanisms behind effects of spinal cord stimulation on vascular diseases: a review of experimental studies","volume":"138","author":"Wu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"issue":"4 suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2005.12.009","article-title":"Mode of action of spinal cord stimulation in neuropathic pain","volume":"31","author":"Meyerson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.0538","article-title":"Effect of high-frequency (10-kHz) spinal cord stimulation in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"78","author":"Petersen","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2022.02.005","article-title":"Dorsal root ganglion stimulation","volume":"33","author":"Potter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12172","article-title":"Current challenges in spinal cord stimulation","volume":"17","author":"Kumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000502","article-title":"Pulsed radiofrequency in chronic pain","volume":"30","author":"Vanneste","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.20501","article-title":"Pulsed radiofrequency applied to the sciatic nerve improves neuropathic pain by down-regulating the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the dorsal root ganglion","volume":"15","author":"Ren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2007.11.005","article-title":"Peripheral nerve stimulation for neuropathic pain","volume":"5","author":"Slavin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnaa164","article-title":"Mechanism of peripheral nerve stimulation in chronic pain","volume":"21","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1126\/science.155.3758.108","article-title":"Temporary abolition of pain in man","volume":"155","author":"Wall","year":"1967","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1159\/000509619","article-title":"Sphenopalatine ganglion stimulation for chronic headache syndromes","volume":"35","author":"Vesper","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog Neurol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2217\/pmt-2016-0030","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation: current status of evidence","volume":"7","author":"Johnson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2016.10.087","article-title":"Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)","volume":"128","author":"Lefaucheur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2008.06.004","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation: state of the art 2008","volume":"1","author":"Nitsche","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2018.01.017","article-title":"Evaluating psychosocial contributions to chronic pain outcomes","volume":"87","author":"Meints","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib64","author":"Carley"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3516","article-title":"Cognitive and emotional control of pain and its disruption in chronic pain","volume":"14","author":"Bushnell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa758","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and occurrence of chronic pain: a meta-analysis","volume":"60","author":"Prego-Dom\u00ednguez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatol (Oxf Engl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-010818-021542","article-title":"The placebo effect in pain therapies","volume":"59","author":"Colloca","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"}],"container-title":["Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1094715923006724?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1094715923006724?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T22:00:40Z","timestamp":1761084040000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1094715923006724"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1094715923006724"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1094-7159"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1094-7159","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Neurostimulation for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review of High-Quality Randomized Controlled Trials With Long-Term Follow-Up","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.05.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 International Neuromodulation Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}