{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T09:47:00Z","timestamp":1793353620752,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["neuromodulationjournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T04:53:46Z","timestamp":1728622426000},"page":"348-361","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Pain Management: A Survey of Clinical Practice Patterns"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4300-1711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jay","family":"Karri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eellan","family":"Sivanesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amitabh","family":"Gulati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinita","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soun","family":"Sheen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhavana","family":"Yalamuru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric J.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saba","family":"Javed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohan","family":"Sohini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasir","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan S.","family":"D\u2019Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-016-0590-8","article-title":"Review of recent advances in peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS)","volume":"20","author":"Chakravarthy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnaa030","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic literature review of peripheral nerve stimulation therapies for the treatment of pain","volume":"21","author":"Deer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2024-105704","article-title":"Pain intensity and opioid consumption after temporary and permanent peripheral nerve stimulation: a 2-year multicenter analysis","author":"West","year":"2024","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-023-01109-2","article-title":"Peripheral nerve stimulation for low back pain: a systematic review","volume":"27","author":"D\u2019Souza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib5","first-page":"2483","article-title":"Evidence-based clinical guidelines from the American society of pain and neuroscience for the use of implantable peripheral nerve stimulation in the treatment of chronic pain","volume":"15","author":"Strand","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib6","author":"Scott"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib7","author":"Ballard"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib8","author":"Kang"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.09.015","article-title":"Educational curriculum for peripheral nerve stimulation developed by the North American neuromodulation society","volume":"26","author":"Kalia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib10","author":"Aggarwal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.03.001","article-title":"Randomized placebo-controlled trial of 60-day percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation treatment indicates relief of persistent postoperative pain, and improved function after knee replacement","volume":"27","author":"Goree","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-023-00475-4","article-title":"ReActiv8 stimulation therapy vs. optimal medical management: a randomized controlled trial for the treatment of intractable mechanical chronic low back pain (RESTORE Trial Protocol)","volume":"12","author":"Gilligan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pain Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.10.003","article-title":"Is response to a pre-implant diagnostic peripheral nerve block associated with efficacy after peripheral nerve stimulation implantation? A ten-year enterprise-wide analysis","volume":"27","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjae.2020.04.007","article-title":"Best practices for safety and quality in peripheral regional anaesthesia","volume":"20","author":"Topor","year":"2020","journal-title":"BJA Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2606","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10102606","article-title":"Implantable peripheral nerve stimulation for peripheral neuropathic pain: a systematic review of prospective studies","volume":"10","author":"Char","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-010-0565-x","article-title":"The role of magnetic resonance imaging in oncology","volume":"12","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez Hernando","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Transl Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2023.03.009","article-title":"Stroke and cancer","volume":"179","author":"Zuber","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.06.009","article-title":"Use of temporary percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation in an oncologic population: a retrospective review","volume":"27","author":"Sudek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102414543331","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of peripheral nerve stimulation of the occipital nerves for the management of chronic migraine: long-term results from a randomized, multicenter, double-blinded, controlled study","volume":"35","author":"Dodick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12504","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of occipital nerves stimulation for the treatment of chronic migraines: randomized, double-blind, controlled single-center experience","volume":"17","author":"Mekhail","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102410381142","article-title":"Occipital nerve stimulation for the treatment of intractable chronic migraine headache: ONSTIM feasibility study","volume":"31","author":"Saper","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102412462642","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of peripheral nerve stimulation of the occipital nerves for the management of chronic migraine: results from a randomized, multicenter, double-blinded, controlled study","volume":"32","author":"Silberstein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00794-7","article-title":"Neuromodulation for chronic pain","volume":"397","author":"Knotkova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-020-01204-4","article-title":"Neuromodulation techniques for acute and preventive migraine treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"21","author":"Moisset","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Headache Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24131","article-title":"2019 American College of Rheumatology\/Arthritis Foundation Guideline for the management of osteoarthritis of the hand, hip, and knee","volume":"72","author":"Kolasinski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2019.06.011","article-title":"OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee, hip, and polyarticular osteoarthritis","volume":"27","author":"Bannuru","year":"2019","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-019-0791-z","article-title":"Radiofrequency ablation for management of shoulder pain","volume":"23","author":"Orhurhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib28","first-page":"E461","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve stimulation for shoulder pain: anatomic review and assessment of the current clinical evidence","volume":"23","author":"Mazzola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1097\/01.phm.0000184154.01880.72","article-title":"Intramuscular electrical stimulation for hemiplegic shoulder pain: a 12-month follow-up of a multiple-center, randomized clinical trial","volume":"84","author":"Chae","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000000011","article-title":"Peripheral nerve stimulation compared with usual care for pain relief of hemiplegic shoulder pain: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"93","author":"Wilson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12726","article-title":"Fully implantable peripheral nerve stimulation for hemiplegic shoulder pain: a multi-site case series with two-year follow-up","volume":"21","author":"Wilson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2012.00541.x","article-title":"Single-lead percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation for the treatment of hemiplegic shoulder pain: a case series","volume":"13","author":"Chae","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e3181d8d06f","article-title":"Electrical stimulation for treating chronic poststroke shoulder pain using a fully implanted microstimulator with internal battery","volume":"89","author":"Yu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000000173","article-title":"Fully implantable peripheral nerve stimulation for the treatment of hemiplegic shoulder pain: a case report","volume":"94","author":"Nguyen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S56","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnz318","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve stimulation for knee pain: a mini-review of the neuroanatomy and the evidence from clinical studies","volume":"21","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-016-0506-7","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation for analgesia following total knee arthroplasty: a prospective feasibility study","volume":"12","author":"Ilfeld","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12790","article-title":"A\u00a0feasibility study of percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation for the treatment of postoperative pain following total knee arthroplasty","volume":"22","author":"Ilfeld","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12851","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation: neuromodulation of the femoral nerve for postoperative analgesia following ambulatory anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a proof of concept study","volume":"22","author":"Ilfeld","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12856","article-title":"Percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation for chronic low back pain: prospective case series with 1 year of sustained relief following short-term implant","volume":"20","author":"Gilmore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.08.457","article-title":"Three-year durability of restorative neurostimulation effectiveness in patients with chronic low back pain and multifidus muscle dysfunction","volume":"26","author":"Gilligan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000003224","article-title":"Dilemmas with denervation: to do or not to do (that is the question)","volume":"165","author":"Karri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00393-7","article-title":"Chronic pain: an update on burden, best practices, and new advances","volume":"397","author":"Cohen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000661","article-title":"Effects of spinal cord and peripheral nerve stimulation reflected in sensory profiles and endogenous pain modulation","volume":"35","author":"Meyer-Frie\u00dfem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-021-00962-3","article-title":"Mechanism of action of peripheral nerve stimulation","volume":"25","author":"Strand","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10010018","article-title":"Peripheral nerve stimulation: the evolution in pain medicine","volume":"10","author":"Abd-Elsayed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1403.2012.00531.x","article-title":"Evidence-based review of neuromodulation for complex regional pain syndrome: a conflict between faith and science?","volume":"15","author":"Levy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-021-00306-4","article-title":"Peripheral nerve stimulation for chronic pain: a systematic review of effectiveness and safety","volume":"10","author":"Helm","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s004820050190","article-title":"Peripheral nerve stimulation for pain relief in CRPS II and phantom-limb pain","volume":"13","author":"Buschmann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Schmerz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13295","article-title":"Direct peripheral nerve stimulation for the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome: a 30-year review","volume":"24","author":"Chmiela","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib50","first-page":"415","article-title":"Long-term results of peripheral nerve stimulation for reflex sympathetic dystrophy","volume":"84","author":"Hassenbusch","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12968","article-title":"Peripheral nerve stimulation and clinical outcomes: a retrospective case series","volume":"21","author":"Warner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2018-100109","article-title":"Percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation for the treatment of chronic neuropathic postamputation pain: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"44","author":"Gilmore","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12381","article-title":"Prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, partial crossover study to assess the safety and efficacy of the novel neuromodulation system in the treatment of patients with chronic pain of peripheral nerve origin","volume":"19","author":"Deer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pny104","article-title":"Long-term outcomes using intrathecal drug delivery systems in complex regional pain syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Herring","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2019-101243","article-title":"Consensus practice guidelines on interventions for lumbar facet joint pain from a multispecialty, international working group","volume":"45","author":"Cohen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2022-104073","article-title":"Role of peripheral nerve stimulation in treating chronic neuropathic pain: an international focused survey of pain medicine experts","volume":"48","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15257","article-title":"The role of peripheral nerve stimulation in the era of ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia","volume":"76","author":"Gadsden","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e318263d396","article-title":"Adverse outcomes associated with nerve stimulator-guided and ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve blocks by supervised trainees: update of a single-site database","volume":"37","author":"Orebaugh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1097\/00115550-200805000-00003","article-title":"Intensity of the stimulating current may not be a reliable indicator of intraneural needle placement","volume":"33","author":"Tsai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aen384","article-title":"Ultrasound guidance compared with electrical neurostimulation for peripheral nerve block: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"102","author":"Abrahams","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2776","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10112776","article-title":"Peripheral nerve stimulation in painful conditions of the upper extremity-an overview","volume":"10","author":"Yaccarino","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S18","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnaa201","article-title":"Peripheral nerve stimulation of the brachial plexus for chronic refractory CRPS pain of the upper limb: description of a new technique and case series","volume":"21","author":"Frederico","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12573","article-title":"Peripheral nerve stimulation of brachial plexus nerve roots and supra-scapular nerve for chronic refractory neuropathic pain of the upper limb","volume":"20","author":"Bouche","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1515\/sjpain-2019-0071","article-title":"A\u00a0case report of wireless peripheral nerve stimulation for complex regional pain syndrome type-I of the upper extremity: 1 year follow up","volume":"19","author":"Herschkowitz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scand J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13294","article-title":"Direct sciatic nerve electrical stimulation for complex regional pain syndrome Type 1","volume":"24","author":"Buwembo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib66","article-title":"Sustained relief of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) pain following a 60-day peripheral nerve stimulation: a report of three cases","volume":"16","author":"Gutierrez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.09.029","article-title":"Radiofrequency treatment relieves chronic knee osteoarthritis pain: a double-blind randomized controlled trial","volume":"152","author":"Choi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnab022","article-title":"Genicular nerve blocks and radiofrequency ablation for knee osteoarthritis: more nerves, more questions","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2022-104319","article-title":"Emperor\u2019s nakedness exposed: unmasking fairytales for genicular nerve radiofrequency ablation in knee osteoarthritis","volume":"48","author":"Cohen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000778","article-title":"Anatomical study of the innervation of anterior knee joint capsule: implication for image-guided intervention","volume":"43","author":"Tran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-019-02291-y","article-title":"Distribution of sensory nerves supplying the knee joint capsule and implications for genicular blockade and radiofrequency ablation: an anatomical study","volume":"41","author":"Fonkou\u00e9","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib73","article-title":"Peripheral nerve stimulation in chronic knee pain: A case series","volume":"15","author":"Kelly","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib74","article-title":"A\u00a0case report of three patients who underwent temporary peripheral nerve stimulation for treatment of knee pain secondary to osteoarthritis","volume":"15","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib75","article-title":"Peripheral stimulation of the saphenous and superior lateral genicular nerves for chronic knee pain","volume":"13","author":"Hasoon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.52965\/001c.24435","article-title":"Peripheral nerve stimulation of the saphenous and superior lateral genicular nerves for chronic pain after knee surgery","volume":"13","author":"Chitneni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orthop Rev (Pavia)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-42608-x","article-title":"Peripheral nerve stimulation for the treatment of chronic knee pain","volume":"13","author":"Fr\u00fch","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011_bib78","first-page":"325","article-title":"Complications of spinal cord stimulation and peripheral nerve stimulation techniques: a review of the literature","volume":"17","author":"Eldabe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Med"}],"container-title":["Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1094715924006767?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1094715924006767?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]],"date-time":"2025-01-18T16:18:19Z","timestamp":1737217099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1094715924006767"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1094715924006767"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["1094-7159"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1094-7159","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Pain Management: A Survey of Clinical Practice Patterns","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.08.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 International Neuromodulation Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}